Lupinus Albus Research Articles

Performance Evaluation of a Commercial Real-Time PCR Method for the Detection of Lupin Traces in Food.

In accordance with U.S. FDA Foods Program Regulatory Science Steering Committee guidelines, with this study, we optimized and validated a commercial real-time PCR method for the detection of low amounts of lupin in four classes of food matrices: chocolate cookies, ragù, Olivier salad, and barley and rice flour. DNA extracted from blank (true negative) samples artificially contaminated with lupin (Lupinus albus) flour at 1000 ppm underwent dilutions with the DNA extracted from the true negative samples up to 0.5 ppm. The limit of detection for real-time PCR was 0.5 ppm in the complex matrices (range, Ct 26-34), making this a specific, robust, and rapid method for lupin allergen detection and labeling. Our validation data support the suitability of this commercially available real-time PCR method for this purpose.

Feeding Value of Lupins, Field Peas, Faba Beans and Chickpeas for Poultry: An Overview.

Grain legumes are fair sources of protein, amino acids and energy, and can be used as a replacement for soybean meal in poultry feed formulations as the soybean meal becomes short in supply and costly. However, a concern associated with the use of grain legumes in poultry feeding is the presence of antinutritional factors. The effective processing and utilisation of these grain legumes in poultry feeding are well documented. The current review focuses on four selected grain legumes (lupins [Lupinus albus and Lupinus angustifolius], field peas [Phaseolus vulgaris], faba beans [Vicia faba] and chickpeas [Cicer arietinum]) and their nutrient content, the presence of antinutritional factors, processing methods and feeding value, including updated data based on recent research findings.

Australian Cool-Season Pulse Seed-Borne Virus Research: 1. Alfalfa and Cucumber Mosaic Viruses and Less Important Viruses.

Here, we review the research undertaken since the 1950s in Australia's grain cropping regions on seed-borne virus diseases of cool-season pulses caused by alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). We present brief background information about the continent's pulse industry, virus epidemiology, management principles and future threats to virus disease management. We then take a historical approach towards all past investigations with these two seed-borne pulse viruses in the principal cool-season pulse crops grown: chickpea, faba bean, field pea, lentil, narrow-leafed lupin and white lupin. With each pathosystem, the main focus is on its biology, epidemiology and management, placing particular emphasis on describing field and glasshouse experimentation that enabled the development of effective phytosanitary, cultural and host resistance control strategies. Past Australian cool-season pulse investigations with AMV and CMV in the less commonly grown species (vetches, narbon bean, fenugreek, yellow and pearl lupin, grass pea and other Lathyrus species) and those with the five less important seed-borne pulse viruses also present (broad bean stain virus, broad bean true mosaic virus, broad bean wilt virus, cowpea mild mottle virus and peanut mottle virus) are also summarized. The need for future research is emphasized, and recommendations are made regarding what is required.

The LaCLE35 peptide modifies rootlet density and length in cluster roots of white lupin.

White lupin (lupinus albus L.) forms special bottlebrush-like root structures called cluster roots (CR) when phosphorus is low, to remobilise sparingly soluble phosphates in the soil. The molecular mechanisms that control the CR formation remain unknown. Root development in other plants is regulated by CLE (CLAVATA3/ EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION (ESR)-RELATED) peptides, which provide more precise control mechanisms than common phytohormones. This makes these peptides interesting candidates to be involved in CR formation, where fine tuning to environmental factors is required. In this study we present an analysis of CLE peptides in white lupin. The peptides LaCLE35 (RGVHy PSGANPLHN) and LaCLE55 (RRVHy PSCHy PDPLHN) reduced root growth and altered CR in hydroponically cultured white lupins. We demonstrate that rootlet density and rootlet length were locally, but not systemically, impaired by exogenously applied CLE35. The peptide was identified in the xylem sap. The inhibitory effect of CLE35 on root growth was attributed to arrested cell elongation in root tips. Taken together, CLE peptides affect both rootlet density and rootlet length, which are two critical factors for CR formation, and may be involved in fine tuning this peculiar root structure that is present in a few crops and many Proteaceae species, under low phosphorus availability.

Effectiveness and Selectivity of Pre- and Post-Emergence Herbicides for Weed Control in Grain Legumes.

Grain legumes represent important crops for livestock feed and contribute to novel uses in the food industry; therefore, the best cultivation practices need to be assessed. This study aimed to identify herbicides to meet the current need for controlling broadleaf weeds without phytotoxicity in the grain legume crop per se. Field experiments were undertaken during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons and laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates as follows: four grain legume crops (vetch, pea, faba bean, and white lupine) and nine pre-emergence (PRE) or post-emergence selective (POST) herbicide treatments (PRE: aclonifen, pendimethalin plus clomazone, metribuzin plus clomazone, benfluralin, terbuthylazine plus pendimethalin, S-metolachlor plus pendimethalin, flumioxazin; POST: pyridate, imazamox) alongside weedy check plots. Plant phytotoxicity, crop dry matter, yield features, weed presence, and weed dry matter were assessed during the experiments. There was differential efficacy among the nine herbicide treatments; the weed control was more effective in the case of Veronica arvensis L. and Sonchus spp. L. compared with Chenopodium album L., Sinapis arvensis L., and Silibum marianum L. regardless of the herbicide treatment. The most effective PRE herbicide was flumioxazin, which had the greatest control over the majority of weeds (>70%) resulting in the lowest total weed biomass. The second-best treatment was benfluralin and the mixture of terbuthylazine plus pendimethalin (both had only limited control in S. arvensis). The best POST herbicide was imazamox, with only limited control in S. arvensis. The tested herbicides caused low to medium and transient levels of phytotoxicity mainly in vetch and secondly in peas but not in faba beans and lupines. Concerning all weed management treatments, benfluralin resulted in the highest grain yields for all four grain legume crops during both growing seasons. Among grain legumes, vetch had the highest competitive ability against weeds, whereas peas were the least tolerant against weed competition.

Sustainable Recovery of an Agricultural Area Impacted by an Oil Spill Using Enhanced Phytoremediation

In this paper, a viability study is conducted for a bioremediation intervention in a cultivated area contaminated by a pipeline oil spill. In this context, green technologies such as bioremediation and phytoremediation could represent an optimal solution for reducing pollution without deteriorating soil quality. The phytoremediation test was conducted at the microcosm scale using three plant species (Zea mays, Lupinus albus and Medicago sativa) and at the mesocosm scale (Zea mays), also evaluating the application of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). The results showed that the selected plants, being able to grow satisfactorily, are able to lessen the presence of hydrocarbons in the soil. An increase of 15–18% in the degradation of the C > 12 fractions in vegetated soils was observed, confirming the effect of plants on the biodegradation of hydrocarbons in the soil. Moreover, a further improvement was recorded after adding PGPB, resulting in fresh biomass production being up to 50% higher than the controls and the degradation of the C > 12 fraction increasing by up to an additional 10%. Particular attention was also paid to pyrene, considered an indicator of PAH contamination. At the end of the experimentation in vegetated soils, pyrene removal reached values above 50%. By favoring plant growth, the addition of PGPB resulted in a further up to 20% reduction in the content of the contaminant in the soil. The primary role of the plants in soil contaminated by petroleum derivatives was to accelerate the degradation of contaminants through the stimulation of microbial activity. Therefore, the cooperation between plants and microorganisms can be concretely used as a nature-based solution in a sustainable and economical way.

Effects of white lupine on hematological and morphophysiological parameters of rainbow trout

The effect of white lupine with an alkaloid content of 0.02% on hematological and morphophysiological parameters of rainbow trout was evaluated. 4 groups were formed for the experiment. The control group received full-fledged extruded compound feed. 2 experimental group received the same full-fledged compound feed, but its structure contained native white lupine in an amount of 10%. In the recipe of the full-fledged compound feed of the 3rd group, peeled white lupine of the Degas variety was used in quantitative composition of 22%, and in the 4th group - white lupine without a shell 25%. The data obtained as a result of the experiment indicate that lupine in the structures of compound feeds with an alkaloid content of 0.02% does not have a negative effect on hematological parameters, as the changes are characteristic of the control and experimental groups. A significant decrease in intestinal mass was found in the 3rd experimental group by 24.1%, which indicates the balance of the complete recipe in terms of amino acid composition and feed protein usefulness. In the future, this contributed to a better digestibility of protein in the anterior intestine. An increase in intestinal mass in the 2 experimental group by 26.3% was associated with the use of lupine with a shell, which led to the adaptation of trout in the form of morphological changes in the intestine under the influence of fiber.

Photocatalytic and Antimicrobial Properties of ZnO and Mg-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Lupinus albus Leaf Extract.

Dye effluents discharged from various industries contribute to environmental contamination, making their treatment highly necessary. Infectious diseases also pose a threat to public health worldwide. Nanomaterials have promising features and are potential candidates for overcoming the problems of drug resistance in microbes and environmental pollution. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize zinc oxide (ZnO) and magnesium-doped zinc oxide (Mg-doped ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) using the plant extract of Lupinus albus for applications in photocatalysis and antimicrobial activity. A sample of Lupinus albus leaves was collected from Motta, in the eastern Gojjam zone of Ethiopia. The leaves were air-dried and then ground into a powder. The powdered plant material was extracted using distilled water. The ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO NPs were synthesized using 0.1 M Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, 7.5% 0.1 M Mg(NO3)2.6H2O, and 10 mL of the leaf extract. The nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized using UV-vis, FT-IR, XRD, and SEM. The average crystallite sizes of ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO NPs were determined using the Debye-Scherrer formula and were found to be 28.1 and 34.4 nm, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized NPs was evaluated against four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus) and one fungal strain (Candida albicans) by using the agar disk diffusion method. The Mg-doped ZnO NPs exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, with a maximum zone of inhibition measuring 24 and 22 mm against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO NPs was investigated by studying the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under sunlight irradiation for 120 min. The results showed that Mg-doped ZnO NPs exhibited higher photocatalytic activity (99.6%) than ZnO NPs (94.1%). In conclusion, the synthesized NPs could serve as viable alternatives for antimicrobial drugs and photocatalysts to mitigate the pollution of the environment caused by organic dyes.

Use of the X-ray technique to evaluate the internal morphology of seeds of green manure species

ABSTRACT: Image analysis through X-ray technique has been receiving great attention due to its importance in identifying internal damage in seeds quickly and accurately, in addition to being a non-destructive method. The aim of this study was to assess the use of X-rays to evaluate the internal morphology of seeds of green manure species. Seeds of Lupinus albus L., Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp., Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. and Stylosanthes spp. were radiographed. Two hundred seeds were studied for each species, and intact seeds, seeds with mechanical damage, damage caused by insects and deteriorated tissues were recorded, considering the severity and location of the damage. The same seeds were subjected to a germination test. It was concluded that image analysis using X-ray technique was effective in detecting internal damage in seeds of some green manure species and it has relationship with negative aspects in germination.

Physiological, biochemical, and histological changes in trout muscles as a result of white lupine inclusion in the diet structure

The work evaluated the effect of white lupin on the physiological, biochemical, and histological parameters of rainbow trout. The data of water chemical analysis, biochemical and histological analysis of rainbow trout muscles are presented. The results of the experiment indicate more pronounced positive results in the experimental groups, the average live weight of trout at the end of the studies in the 2nd experimental group was 3.7% higher relative to the control group. The average live weight of the 3rd group was 18.5% higher and that of the 4th group was 7.4%. At the end of the studies, an increase in muscle mass was observed in group 2 by 1.5% more than in the control group, group 3 – 18.8% and in the 4 experimental group – 12.8%, respectively. According to the results of biochemical analysis of muscle tissue, an increase in protein content in the experimental groups was established, in 2 experimental group by 0.2%, in 3 experimental group – 3.59%, and in 4 experimental group – 3.11%. The fat content in the muscle tissue of rainbow trout of the experimental groups decreased by 0.46% in 2 experimental group, 1.0% in 3 experimental group, and 0.96% in 4 experimental group. Therefore, the use of white lupin in the diet as a high-protein component affects the reduction of body fat in rainbow trout and contributes to an increase in protein content. Histological analysis of the white muscles of the control and experimental groups of trout showed moderate separation of muscle fibers and integrity of myofibrils. The striation of the transverse muscle was well pronounced. The experiment established a positive effect on its productivity, the biochemical composition of muscle tissue, and the quality of the products obtained.

Determination of the Bacterial Community in Soils Associated with Rare Wild Leguminous Species Cicer Montbretii Jaub. & Spach and Lupinus albus L. in Strandzha Natural Park

Determination of the Bacterial Community in Soils Associated with Rare Wild Leguminous Species Cicer Montbretii Jaub. & Spach and Lupinus albus L. in Strandzha Natural Park

The Effect of Supplementing White Sweet Lupine Grain Meal (Lupinus albus L.) on Blood and Milk Metabolites, Milk Yield, and Quality of Dairy Cows in Ethiopia

Feed is the cornerstone of dairy production, serving as a crucial input for sustainable milk production. This trial aimed to investigate the effect of white sweet lupine grain meal inclusion on feed intake, blood and milk metabolites, milk yield, and quality. The experimental cows had a parity of 2±0.71 (mean ± SD), a daily milk yield of 12.72 ± 0.9, and an average body weight of 412.6 ± 21.5 kg. The varying proportions of treatment diets were: 75, 50, 25 and 0% (T1, T2, T3 and T4) treatment groups respectively. Data collected during the study were subjected to analysis of variance to determine significant differences. Cows fed diet T1 showed a better dry matter (10.39 kg/day), organic matter (7.31 kg/day), nitrogen (2.42 kg/day), and NDF intakes (3.75 kg/day) that had significant difference on (p<0.05). When lupine inclusions dropped from 75 to 50 and even to 25%, the N digestibility decreased from 76.63, 70.66, and 65.6%, respectively, and the digestibility of N in all treatment diets significantly decreased (p < 0.01). Once more, cows fed T1 diet had the highest (p<0.01) plasma glucose concentration (116.81 mg/dl) among the four experimental groups. Cows fed T2 and T4 diets showed significant variation at (p<0.05) in plasma glucose levels, with values of 108.7 and 110.16 mg/dl, respectively. Cows fed T1 had relatively lower plasma beta-Hydroxybutyric acid and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations (p<0.05) than others, with mean values of 3.23 and 1.28 mg/dl respectively. The partial inclusion of white sweet lupine grain meal up to the level of 75% is highly suggested as a better alternative feed source.

Differential phosphorus acquisition strategies of nine cover crop species grown in a calcareous and a decalcified chernozem

Background and aimsCover cropping is a strategy to increase soil phosphorus (P) use efficiency in agroecosystems. We investigated adaptations on P acquisition strategies of nine cover crops grown in a calcareous and a non-calcareous chernozem with low available P.MethodsThrough a 108-day pot experiment using a calcareous and a decalcified chernozem, we evaluated black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.), white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), narrow-leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.), berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), ramtil (Guizotia abyssinica [Lf] Cass.) and white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) for their dry biomass production, tissue P concentration and uptake, and effects on soil pH, phosphatase activity, mycorrhiza infection rate and soil P fractions.ResultsCover crops differed in several parameters between the two soils. Dry biomass varied from 3.3 (white lupin) to 41.6 g pot-1 (mustard). Tissue P concentrations ranged from 0.046% (mustard) to 0.24% (clover). Species affected pH of both soils, ranging from − 0.66 to + 0.24. Acid phosphatase activity was higher in the decalcified soil, while alkaline phosphatases were higher in the calcareous soil. Root mycorrhizal infection rates ranged from 0 to > 50%. Most plants explored soil labile P exclusively, with organic P mineralization being more relevant in the calcareous soil.ConclusionWe confirm that cover crops favoured distinct strategies to access the predominant soil labile P forms in each soil. Mycorrhizal species were particularly efficient in the decalcified soil, while species with high phosphatase secretion accessed higher Po, especially in the calcareous soil.

The Characterization of Volatile Compounds of Lupin Türkiye Genotype HS-SPME/GC-MS Method

The aim of this study is to reveal the volatile and semi-volatile constituent of the local Lupinus albus L. genotype grown in Türkiye by using the HS-SPME technique. Local lupin is a legume plant with great potential due to its high seed yield and protein and oil content in the seeds. Powdered seeds of local lupin genotypes were analysed and compared with respect to types and contents of volatile semi-volatile compounds contents using four different SPME fiber with GC-MS system in W9N11, SWGDR4G4 and SWGDR4G5 libraries. Fiber with 50/30 µm DVB/CAR/PDMS identified 54 compounds, 65 µm PDMS/DVB fiber 97 compounds, 85 µm Carboxen/PDMS fiber 28 compounds, and 85 µm polyacrylate 12 compounds. As a result, 65 µm PDMS/DVB fiber is the most preferable in terms of compound identification, with 97 compound. In terms of content, Benzene, Methyl(1-Methylethyl) (39.92%), Gamma-Terpinene (12.26%), Cis-Ocimene (5.93%), 1,3,6-Octatriene,3,7-Dimethyl-(% 5.51), Beta-Myrcene (4.70%), Alpha-Pinene (4.39%), Alpha.-Thujene (4.21%), Alpha Terpinene (2.55%), Camphene (2.23%), 1,6-Octadien-3-Ol,3,7-Dimethyl (2.10%) were mostly detected in the analysis with 50/30 µm DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber. With the other fiber 65 µm PDMS/DVB; phospine oxide, triphenyl- (15.49 %), pulegone (5.03 %), L-linalool (3.85 %), cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl (3.54 %), cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl (3.13 %), cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl (2.32 %), oxime-,methoxy-phenyl (2.08 %), 1-pentanamine,N-pentyl (1.60 %), 3,5-octadıen-2-one (1.55 %), I-menthone (1.50 %). Fiber 85 µm Carboxen/PDMS; the most four components in the content are; Benzene, 2, 4-diisocyanato-1-methyl (54.27 %), Pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, 5-formyl-2, 4 (18.41 %), 1-Butanol, 4-(1-methylethoxy) (14.67 %), pyridine,4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)- (8.13 %). With 85 µm polyacrylate fibre the most found component is 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diethyl ester (98.90 %). In conclusion, as far as we know this study is the first study about the volatile content of local lupin genotype of Türkiye.

Techno‐functional and rheological characterisation of protein isolates from two Australian lupin species as affected by processing conditions

SummaryLupin, a sustainable non‐starchy legume, holds promising potential as a novel plant protein source, yet its protein functionality has been underexplored, particularly in relation to drying and its interaction with starch and fibres. Here, protein from two Australian Lupin species (Lupinus angustifolius ‘Jurien’ and Lupinus albus ‘Murringo’) were extracted at pH 8.0, precipitated at pH 5.0, and subsequently dried via spray or freeze‐drying, with or without pasteurisation. Solubility at pH 8.0 was highest in the direct freeze‐dried albus and angustifolius isolates, reaching 85% and 88%, respectively, yet processing exerted a discernible influence, leading to reduced solubilities in spray‐dried (albus‐72% angustifolius‐55%) and pasteurised samples (albus‐67%, angustifolius‐44%). However, this effect was not consistently reflected in foaming and emulsification abilities, or water‐ and oil‐holding capacities. The albus species exhibited superior gelation characteristics compared to angustifolius species. Furthermore, interaction between spray‐dried albus isolates, potato starch and two types of fibres showed protein–starch–fibre interactions were dependent on the type of fibres present. In conclusion, varietal disparities, largely attributed to differences in legumin‐to‐vicilin ratios, had a significant impact on protein functionality, while the processing parameters employed demonstrated limited effects, primarily in terms of solubility and colour.

Phosphorus absorption kinetics and exudation strategies of roots developed by three lupin species to tackle P deficiency.

Different lupin species exhibited varied biomass, P allocation, and physiological responses to P-deprivation. White and yellow lupins had higher carboxylate exudation rates, while blue lupin showed the highest phosphatase activity. White lupin (Lupinus albus) can produce specialized root structures, called cluster roots, which are adapted to low-phosphorus (P) soil. Blue lupin (L. angustifolius) and yellow lupin (L. luteus), which are two close relatives of white lupin, do not produce cluster roots. This study characterized plant responses to nutrient limitation by analyzing biomass accumulation and P distribution, absorption kinetics and root exudation in white, blue, and yellow lupins. Plants were grown in hydroponic culture with (64µM NaH2PO4) or without P for 31days. Under P limitation, more biomass was allocated to roots to improve P absorption. Furthermore, the relative growth rate of blue lupin showed the strongest inhibition. Under + P conditions, the plant total-P contents of blue lupin and yellow lupin were higher than that of white lupin. To elucidate the responses of lupins via the perspective of absorption kinetics and secretion analysis, blue and yellow lupins were confirmed to have stronger affinity and absorption capacity for orthophosphate after P-deprivation cultivation, whereas white lupin and yellow lupin had greater ability to secrete organic acids. The exudation of blue lupin had higher acid phosphatase activity. This study elucidated that blue lupin was more sensitive to P-scarcity stress and yellow had the greater tolerance of P-deficient condition than either of the other two lupin species. The three lupin species have evolved different adaptation strategies to cope with P deficiency.

Identification and Potential Participation of Lipases in Autophagic Body Degradation in Embryonic Axes of Lupin (Lupinus spp.) Germinating Seeds.

Autophagy is a fundamental process for plants that plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and promoting survival in response to various environmental stresses. One of the lesser-known stages of plant autophagy is the degradation of autophagic bodies in vacuoles. To this day, no plant vacuolar enzyme has been confirmed to be involved in this process. On the other hand, several enzymes have been described in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), including Atg15, that possess lipolytic activity. In this preliminary study, which was conducted on isolated embryonic axes of the white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) and Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet), the potential involvement of plant vacuolar lipases in the degradation of autophagic bodies was investigated. We identified in transcriptomes (using next-generation sequencing (NGS)) of white and Andean lupin embryonic axes 38 lipases with predicted vacuolar localization, and for three of them, similarities in amino acid sequences with yeast Atg15 were found. A comparative transcriptome analysis of lupin isolated embryonic axes cultured in vitro under different sucrose and asparagine nutrition, evaluating the relations in the levels of the transcripts of lipase genes, was also carried out. A clear decrease in lipase gene transcript levels caused by asparagine, a key amino acid in lupin seed metabolism which retards the degradation of autophagic bodies during sugar-starvation-induced autophagy in lupin embryonic axes, was detected. Although the question of whether lipases are involved in the degradation of autophagic bodies during plant autophagy is still open, our findings strongly support such a hypothesis.

Оценка возможности интродукции люпина белого (Lupinus albus L.) в центральные районы Нечернозёмной зоны РФ на основе результатов экологического сортоиспытания

Исследования проводились на Полевой опытной станции РГАУ–МСХА им. К. А. Тимирязева в 2022–2023 годах. Целью работы было сравнение по хозяйственно ценным признакам сортов и сортообразцов люпина белого с последующей их оценкой для выявления хозяйственной целесообразности выращивания в условиях Нечернозёмной зоны. Объектом исследования служили наиболее распространённые сорта Дега, Гана, Тимирязевский, Мичуринский. Они отличаются по биохимическим характеристикам и показателям продуктивности. В качестве стандарта был взят сорт Дега как занимающий наибольшие посевные площади в производстве. Также испытывались два сортообразца белого люпина — БГУ-М и Пищевой-М, которые имеют мутантное происхождение и перспективу предложения производству. По результатам двухлетних исследований вегетационный период у сортообразцов Пищевой-М и БГУ-М составил 99 и 102 дня соответственно, эти показатели говорят об их скороспелости. Поэтому Пищевой-М и БГУ-М можно в перспективе рекомендовать для использования в центральных районах Нечернозёмной зоны РФ. Средняя урожайность зерна сорта-стандарта в течении 2 лет испытаний составила 3,61 т/га. Некоторые сорта по продуктивности незначительно превысили сорт-стандарт. Наибольшее превышение отмечено у сорта Гана (+0,13 т/га), в то же время снижение зафиксировано у вариантов Мичуринский и Пищевой-М — –0,23 и –0,06 т/га соответственно. Анализ средней урожайности сортообразцов в экологическом сортоиспытании за 2 года (2022–2023 годы) не выявил существенной разницы в урожайности по отношению к сорту-стандарту. Это, скорее всего, вызвано различиями погодных условий по годам. Урожайность в 2023 году у всех вариантов сортоиспытания была выше, чем в 2022 году. This investigation took place at the Field Research Station of the Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University in 2022–2023. The aim of this research was to evaluate the economically important traits of the genotypes of white lupine to be cultivated in the Non-Chernozem region. The objects of this investigation were such varieties as Dega, Gana, Timiryazevskiy, Michurinskiy. They differed in biochemistry and productivity. Dega was used as a standard since it occupies the largest farm areas. Additionally, two mutant genotypes were grown — BGU-M and Pishchevoy-M. BGU-M and Pishchevoy-M being the short-season varieties had the growing seasons of 99 and 102 days, respectively. Therefore, both genotypes can be recommended for the cultivation in the Central Non-Chernozem region of the Russian Federation. The standard produced 3.61 t ha-1 for 2 years. Several varieties exceeded insignificantly the standard in productivity. Gana had the highest yield increase of 0.13 t ha-1. The yields of Michurinskiy and Pishchevoy-M dropped by 0.23 and 0.06 t ha-1, respectively. The Ecological Variety Trial (2022–2023) showed no significant yield increase among the genotypes possibly due to the variation in weather conditions. The productivity of all the genotypes was higher in 2023 than in 2022

Эффективность новых сортов и сортообразцов люпина белого на чернозёмной почве в условиях Белгородской области

Микрополевой опыт по оценке и сравнительному анализу новых сортов и сортообразцов люпина белого проведён в 2021–2022 годах в коллекционном питомнике ФГБОУ ВО «Белгородский ГАУ». Объектом изучения были два новых сорта и четыре сортообразца люпина белого селекции ВНИИ люпина. Цель исследований — провести оценку, сравнительный анализ и выявить новые наиболее урожайные сорта и сортообразцы люпина белого, характеризующиеся высокими показателями качества семян, экономической и биоэнергетической эффективности производства. В результате исследований установлено, что сортообразцы СН 5-20, СН 6-20, СН 19-20 и СН 34-19 по урожайности семян (соответственно 431,3, 400,5, 403,2 и 407,6 г/м2) превысили стандартный сорт Мичуринский на 74,5–81,6 г/м2, или на 22,9–25,0%. Сортообразец СН 6-20 отличался также и высоким содержанием белка (43,73%), а образец СН 34-19 — высоким содержанием жира (10,60%). Наибольшие показатели биоэнергетической эффективности обеспечили сортообразцы СН 5-20, СН 6-20, СН 34-19 и СН 19-20, у которых выход обменной энергии составил соответственно 60,6, 58,1, 54,5, 52,2 ГДж/м2, чистый энергетический доход — 38,7, 36,2, 32,6, 30,3 ГДж/м2, а биоэнергетический коэффициент — 2,77, 2,65, 2,49, 2,38, что значительно превышает показатели стандартного сорта. Наивысший условно чистый доход был получен у сортообразцов СН 5-20 (87 027 руб./га), СН 34-19 (78 848 руб./га), СН 19-20 (77 283 руб./га) и СН 6-20 (76 355 руб./га), что на 19 161–36 816 руб./га больше, чем у стандарта. Исследуемые сорта люпина белого Мичуринский и Алый парус при достаточно высокой урожайности семян (326,0 и 379,6 г/м2) и содержании белка (38,57 и 36,32%) отличались малой алкалоидностью (0,053 и 0,088%). По вышеуказанным признакам эти образцы предложены в качестве исходных форм для селекции люпина This article reports on the competitive field trial with new genotypes of white lupine conducted at the nursery of the Belgorod State Agrarian University in 2021–2022. Two varieties and four genotypes of white lupine were obtained from the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine. The aim of this research was to test and identify the most productive genotypes of white lupine with high seed quality, economic and energy efficiency. Such genotypes as SN 5-20, SN 6-20, SN 19-20 and SN 34-19 exceeded the standard variety (Michurinskiy) in seed productivity by 74.5–81.6 g/m2, or by 22.9–25.0% yielding 431.3, 400.5, 403.2 and 407.6 g/m2, respectively. SN 6-20 also showed high protein content (43.73%), while SN 34-19 — high fat concentration (10.60%). Such genotypes as SN 5-20, SN 6-20, SN 34-19 and SN 19-20 provided the yield of exchange energy of 60.6, 58.1, 54.5, 52.2 GJ/m2, net energy income — 38.7, 36.2, 32.6, 30.3 GJ/m2, energy coefficient — 2.77, 2.65, 2.49, 2.38, respectively, exceeding significantly the standard. SN 5-20 (87 027 RUB/ha), SN 34-19 (78 848 RUB/ha), SN 19-20 (77 283 RUB/ha) and SN 6-20 (76 355 RUB/ha), had the highest net income exceeding the standard by 19 161–36 816 RUB/ha. The Michurinskiy and Alyy parus varieties had reasonably high seed yield (326.0 and 379.6 g/m2) and protein content (38.57 and 36.32%) but low alkaloid concentration (0.053 and 0.088%). Based on the obtained results these genotypes can be used as parent material in lupine breeding

Elemental composition of white lupine grain

The study was carried out to study the elemental composition of various parts of the grain of white lupine varieties Gamma, Dega and Deter 1, which were cultivated in 2009-2011. in the North- East of the Central Black Earth Region. The content of 19 elements was determined at the Belgorodsky State Center for Agrochemical Service. The elemental composition of grain and its parts has been studied. Intensive consumption of chemical elements allows white lupine to have a unique chemical composition of the grain, which shows that the content of many chemical elements standardized in feeding is much higher than in the seeds of other leguminous crops. In terms of manganese content, white lupine is a concentrator plant. In the grain of white lupine, nitrogen (6.82±0.25 %), phosphorus (0.45±0.07 %), potassium (1.37±0.17 %), magnesium (0.17±) accumulate in significant quantities 0.02 %), sulfur (0.31±0.02 %), iron (41.85±1.36 mg/kg), zinc (48.55±4.33 mg/kg), manganese (390, 70±181.57 mg/kg), cobalt (0.82±0.19 mg/kg), molybdenum (6.80±0.67 mg/kg), which are concentrated to a greater extent in the core. The shell contains calcium (0.35±0.02 %), sodium (0.240±0.006 %), chromium (0.329±0.049 mg/kg), lead (0.60±0.04 mg/kg), cadmium (0.061 ±0.003 mg/kg), arsenic (0.024±0.002) higher than in the core. The separation of lupine grain into core and shell during deep processing can be used to increase or decrease the concentration of chemical elements. The range of variations in the content of chemical elements increases with increasing their concentration. In the analyzed samples, the content of lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury is less than the maximum permissible values for white lupine grain used in feed. The data obtained are important for use in the production of compound feeds, protein concentrates and for determining standards for the content of chemical elements in white lupine grain and its parts as statistical materials when drawing up feeding programs for farm animals, poultry, and fish.