White Lie Research Articles

A ‘White Lie’ of Business Informality: An Exploration of Non-Registered White-owned Businesses in the United States of America

<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;">Utilizing a 2021 nationally representative sample of 7,504 White-owned employer businesses (WOBs) in the United States of America (USA), the extent, and the determinants of WOB business registration are estimated. Business registration is employed as a proxy for business in/formality. Approximately one-fifth (22.5%) of all employer WOBs are unregistered or informal business concerns hidden from government purview. The primary determinants of employer WOB informality are business size (annual revenues under $500,000 and few paid employees), a business owner with less than a four-year college degree, and an upbringing in a lower- or middle-class environment, among other findings. Notably, this research reveals the white lie of the magnitude of White-owned employer business informality in the USA.</span></p>

Truth that Matters

Truth that Matters

What does the Strange Stories test measure? Developmental and within-test variation

BackgroundHappé’s (1994) Strange Stories have been widely used to assess advanced theory of mind understanding in several clinical populations, but recent analyses have cast doubt on the links between it and other related measures of this skill. MethodsThis study tested 210 Pakistani and 46 British children to assess the developmental trajectory of performance across a 6-year age span in the test, and also to explore differences between and within the four most used sub-tests (Misunderstanding, Persuasion, White Lies and Double Bluff). ResultsThere were significant developmental differences in children’s overall understanding of the Stories and between not only the four sub-tests but also individual questions purporting to assess the same construct. Partial correlations, controlling for the age (in months) and SES produced inconsistent correlations between stories assessing the same construct (e.g. Double Bluff stories). Factor analysis also revealed two factors and for the two sub-tests (double bluff and misunderstanding), each story loaded onto a separate factor, contrasting the assumption that the Strange Stories assess the same underlying ability. Moreover, GLMM analyses showed that the model with two main effects (age and SES) fitted the best and age emerged as a major predictor. Post hoc analyses showed that performance on White lie (used as a baseline) was higher than on Persuasion and Double Bluff. Similar, but not identical patterns were found in a comparison between the six- and eight-year-olds in the two cultures, with children in the UK outperforming those in Pakistan. ConclusionThe results suggest that the test is less homogeneous than has been assumed. Relationships with other measures and diagnoses might only apply to subsets of the questions. The need for standardization is clear.

Competitive Contexts Reduce Children’s Motivation to Tell White Lies Based on Big Data Analysis

There is a growing interest in the wireless technology to complement the traditional model-driven design approaches with data-driven machine learning- (ML-) based solutions. Telling a white lie is a distinct type of prosocial behavior, because in terms of the nature of lies, it is a lie but its motivation is to benefit someone else. It is unclear how children behave when they are caught in a conflict between prosocial motivation and the psychological cost of losing in a competition. Big data analysis can improve work efficiency, make analysis work more organized, and make analysis results more accurate. So the purpose of this study was to investigate the motivation of children to tell white lies by using big data analysis to examine the effects of different competitive situations on white lie behavior among 6- to 11-year olds. A final-round-of-game paradigm was used to elicit prosocial white lies in children under varying competitive conditions. These were explored in two studies. In the study, two groups of children ( N = 177 , M age = 104.41 months, SD = 1.74 , 50.8% boys) participated in either baseline conditions or a competition against others. More children tended to tell the truth in the others-competition context group, and boys tended to be more truthful. These findings show that a decision of whether to tell a white lie is influenced by the psychological cost to children.

Neutrality as a "White Lie": Discussion of Gabbard, Holmes, and Portuges.

Neutrality as a "White Lie": Discussion of Gabbard, Holmes, and Portuges.

Neutrality as a "White Lie": Introduction.

Neutrality as a "White Lie": Introduction.

White Lie of Persuasive Communication

The following is a personal manifesto of the state of 21st-century rhetoric. Rhetoric is so intrinsically bound into all aspects of life and all communication environments that it appears inevitable to communicate by using some form of rhetoric. Though, the ethical nature of rhetoric comes into question when we consider the ways rhetoric might be used for good and for evil. This article explores the ethical state of rhetoric today — what it should or shouldn't be, where rhetoric went right and where rhetoric may have gone wrong, and if the current rhetorical state is our reality, our dream, or our nightmare. First, by establishing rhetoric as a persuasive communication strategy that can be easily learned and both innocently and connivingly used, this article then explores if or how rhetoric can be used in "right" and/or "wrong" ways, and what this means for the present and future state of rhetoric. This article was written as an end of term paper in a classical and modern rhetoric course.

Exploring the Use of White Lies in Patient Care Process by Triangulation Method

Introduction: Being in a situation to use white lie is a challenging experience for healthcare providers. Recognizing the situations that facilitate white lies and providing solutions to them are effective in providing patients with the truth about their treatment and reducing white lies. The objective of this study was to explore the experiences of patients’ families, nurses, and physicians in using white lies during care process. Methods: This study, with a triangulation approach, was conducted in 2018 at the hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected in two qualitative and quantitative phases from three sources including patients’ families, nurses, and physicians. In the quantitative phase, 300 samples were selected by random sampling to complete a researcher-made questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and frequency tables were used to analyze the quantitative data. In the qualitative phase, 30 individuals from above-mentioned sources were selected by purposive sampling to participate in the face-to-face and semi-structured interviews. Data analysis in qualitative phase was done by Graneheim and Lundman’s conventional content analysis. In the final step, quantitative and qualitative data were compared and interpreted. Results: The findings of qualitative phase were summarized in four categories (inappropriate situation, patient expediency, surrounding frameworks, and communication bridges) and eight subcategories. In the quantitative phase, the highest score was related to the category of patient expediency. It was also found that the findings of qualitative and quantitative phases were consistent and complementary to each other. Conclusion: According to the findings, the use of white lies was for patient’s benefit and to create an appropriate situation for telling the truth. In this regard, providing appropriate guidelines in accordance with the culture, therapeutic goal, and understanding of patients can enhance caregivers’ skills in rendering information to patient. The findings of this study can be used as a guide in other qualitative and quantitative researches regarding the use of white lie in patient care and its consequences.

Are People Willing to Tell Pareto White Lies? A Review and New Experimental Evidence

We explore whether individuals are averse to telling a Pareto white lie—a lie that benefits both themselves and another. We first review and summarize the existing evidence on Pareto white lies. We find that the evidence is relatively limited and varied in its conclusions. We then present new experimental results obtained using a coin-tossing experiment. Results are provided for both the UK and China. We find evidence of willingness to tell a partial lie (i.e., inflating reports slightly) and high levels of aversion to telling a Pareto white lie that would maximize payoffs. We also find no significant difference between willingness to tell a Pareto white lie and a selfish black lie—a lie that harms another. We find marginal evidence of more lying in China than the UK, but the overall results in the UK and China are very similar.

Commentary on Cryptogenic Cushing Syndrome Due to a White Lie

Commentary on Cryptogenic Cushing Syndrome Due to a White Lie

Commentary on Cryptogenic Cushing Syndrome Due to a White Lie.

Commentary on Cryptogenic Cushing Syndrome Due to a White Lie.

The Chinese Joint Family as a “White Lie”: Competing Visions of the Family in 19th-century Taiwanese Family Division Contracts

ABSTRACTThis article examines the ideological scaffolding of family division contracts (jiushu) in 19th-century Taiwan. It analyses how the island’s Han Chinese inhabitants negotiated with the traditional Chinese joint family ideal as they betrayed it through frequent family divisions (fenjia). Borrowing Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of the “white lie”, this study argues that the Chinese of late-Qing Taiwan not only saw through the “white lie” about the joint family but also defended their “less-than-ideal” behaviour with reasons and arguments. However, it points out that some of the defences went beyond making excuses for the social–cultural transgression to articulating a new vision of the family that conferred legitimacy on the practice of family partition. Affirming that dissolving the joint family was prudent, natural and beneficial, this contrarian discourse challenged the hegemony of the time-honoured “big family” ideal. By advocating a realignment of ideal and reality on the question of family organisation, the new vision went a long way towards deconstructing – though not eliminating – the joint family “white lie”.

Formula omitted]-deformation of the square white noise Lie algebra

For q∈(0,1), the q-deformation of the square white noise Lie algebra is introduced using the q-calculus. A representation of this Lie algebra is given, using the q-derivative (or Jackson derivative) and the multiplication operator. The free square white noise Lie algebra is defined. Moreover, its representation on the Hardy space is given.

Fair Hair and Black Hearts: The Dynamic Interactions of White and Black Lies (WITHDRAWN)

Although both white lies and black lies are deceptive, white lies are typically seen as innocuous, legitimate, and even praiseworthy while black lies come across as selfish, malicious, and objectionable. These kinds of intuitive judgments become problematic, however, when white lies are selfishly motivated (e.g., when people ingratiate to get favorable treatment). We conducted three behavioral experiments to investigate the boundaries and connections between white and black lies. Study 1 showed that people who first told white lies were then more likely to tell black lies, whether their white lies were altruistic (only helping recipients) or Pareto (helping both recipients and themselves). In Study 2, half of the participants played a white lie game (Pareto or altruistic) first and then a black lie game and the other half played a black lie game and then a white lie game (Pareto or altruistic). The results suggested that telling white lies increased people’s likelihood of telling subsequent black lies but...

De-constructing monoculturalism on the German screen: A critical cultural reading of On the Other Side

Abstract This article provides a critical cultural analysis of Fatih Akin’s On the Other Side; a celebrated European drama and a multiple award winner, as a case study depicting contemporary German Turkish intercultural dynamics. It focuses on the politics of intersectional representation of Turks and examines implications of strategic cinematographic othering in today’s Germany, marked by growing Islamophobia. Building upon Chancellor Merkel’s 2010 statement about the death of German multiculturalism, as well as her 2015 statement about multiculturalism being a ‘White Lie’, this article introduces a concept of Monoculturalism and explores its on-screen manifestations and cultural implications for the contemporary Europe.

Powers of quantum white noise derivatives

We introduce a new operator obtained from the quantum white noise (QWN) derivatives which satisfies new important commutation relations generalizing those of the renormalized power white noise Lie algebra introduced by Accardi, Boukas and Franz (see Ref. 5) without using renormalization conditions.

STOCHASTIC HEAT EQUATION ON ALGEBRA OF GENERALIZED FUNCTIONS

The main objective of this paper is to investigate an extension [Formula: see text] of the "Volterra-Gross" Laplacian on nuclear algebra of generalized functions. In so doing, without using the renormalization procedure, this extension provides a continuous nuclear realization of the square white noise Lie algebra obtained by Accardi–Franz–Skeide in Ref. 2. An extended-Gross diffusion process driven by a class of Itô stochastic equations is studied, and solution of the related Poisson equations is derived in terms of a suitable λ-potential.

Are White Lies as Innocuous as We Think?

This research examines the implications of telling an “innocent” white lie after a negative interpersonal encounter. We propose that if a white lie falls outside an acceptable range of dishonesty, cognitive dissonance will arise and produce negative affect. Deceivers will then be motivated to reduce the dissonance and will do so by engaging in behaviors that favor the wrongdoer with potentially negative consequences for the self. We test our conceptualization across three studies. In study 1, we explore the impact of one factor that determines whether a white lie falls outside the acceptable range of dishonesty—the salience of the norm of honesty. In studies 2 and 3, we examine the role of two factors, affect certainty and source certainty, that are predicted to moderate the impact of the negative affect on deceiver’s downstream judgments and behaviors toward the target of the white lie.

This Won't Hurt a Bit (and Other White Lies)

This Won't Hurt a Bit (and Other White Lies)

The Schrödinger Fock kernel and the no-go theorem for the first order and Renormalized Square of White Noise Lie algebras

Using the non-positive definiteness of the Fock kernel associated with the Schrödinger algebra we prove the impossibility of a joint Fock representation of the first order and Renormalized Square of White Noise Lie algebras with the convolution type renormalization δ 2 ( t − s ) = δ ( s ) δ ( t − s ) \delta ^2(t-s)=\delta (s)\,\delta (t-s) for the square of the Dirac delta function. We show how the Schrödinger algebra Fock kernel can be reduced to a positive definite kernel through a restriction of the set of exponential vectors. We describe how the reduced Schrödinger kernel can be viewed as a tensor product of a Renormalized Square of White Noise ( s l ( 2 ) sl(2) ) and a First Order of White Noise (Heisenberg) Fock kernel. We also compute the characteristic function of a stochastic process naturally associated with the reduced Schrödinger kernel.