In Ethiopia, wheat is a market-oriented commodity although farmers are still producing this crop for consumption than for market, not based on the market information. The main objective of the study was to identify the determinants of market orientation of smallholder wheat farmers. The data were collected from 190 randomly selected sample households using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Tobit model were used for analyzing smallholder wheat farmers’ market orientation and its determinants. Descriptive statistics revealed that the average market orientation index of the sample wheat farmers was 10.69%, very low. The results of Tobit model revealed that land size, market access, wheat market experience, extension contact and equine owned were positively and significantly affecting market orientation of wheat whereas family size, total input cost and off/none farm income were significantly and negatively influencing market orientation. Therefore, designing an integrated policy and strategy on improving market access, provision of extensions mainly on market area and productivity of land for wheat while reducing the input cost would be suggested to improve market orientation of smallholder wheat farmers.