Wheat Market Research Articles

AAC Perform red spring wheat

AAC Perform, an awned hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar, combines high grain yield and good agronomic characteristics with excellent resistance to leaf, stem, and stripe rust. Based on 43 station years of registration trial data from 2017 to 2019, the grain yield of AAC Perform was about 6% higher than AAC Foray and about 12% over AAC Penhold. AAC Perform was significantly shorter than AAC Foray and had straw strength similar to AAC Penhold. It was about two days later maturing than AAC Foray. AAC Perform had similar test weight, smaller kernel size and lower protein concentration as compared with AAC Foray. AAC Perform had milling and baking quality suitable for grades of the Canada Prairie Spring Red wheat market class.

AAC Castle red spring wheat

AAC Castle, an awned hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cultivar, combines high grain yield and good agronomic characteristics with excellent resistance to leaf, stem, stripe rust, common bunt and loose smut. It also expressed tolerance to the orange wheat blossom midge. Based on 39 station years of data in the registration trials from 2014 to 2016, the grain yield of AAC Castle was about 17% higher than 5700PR but similar to the other checks. AAC Castle was significantly shorter than AAC Foray and CDC Terrain, but had similar lodging resistance and maturity. AAC Castle had higher test weight, protein concentration, falling number and flour yield than AAC Foray and CDC Terrain. AAC Castle is eligible for grade of the Canada Prairie Spring Red wheat market class.

Multi-mycotoxins and Fungal Contaminants of Wheat from Anambra State, Nigeria

This study was carried out to determine the fungal and mycotoxins contamination of 36 Wheat (Triticum aestivium) samples purchased randomly from the seller of the agricultural produce in local markets of Anambra State, Nigeria. Results from the studies showed that two hundred and three fungal isolates consisting of 18 species of moulds and 5 species of yeasts contaminated the wheat samples at varying degrees. For moulds, Aspergillus species contaminated the samples mostly with (28) isolates followed by Penicillum species (19) isolates while Verticillium species and Cladosporium species had equal least contaminations with (3) isolates each. Among the yeast species, Candida rugosahad the highest number of contamination with (37) isolates followed by Cryptococcus laurentii (31) isolates while Candida stellatoides (9) isolates had the least contamination. Twenty-four fungal metabolites were also recovered. The concentration of trichothecene mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol (2067µg/kg), a protein synthesis and cell proliferation inhibitor in animals exceeded the maximum acceptable limits for human consumption. It can be deduced therefore that wheat circulating in Anambra State, Nigeria are variously contaminated with different xerophilic moulds and mycotoxins which can exert adverse health problems to consumers.
 Keyword: Wheat samples, fungal contaminants, multi-mycotoxins and market zones

Influence of root feeding fertilizers on yield and quality of winter wheat grain in conditions of the central zone of Orenburg region

Agriculture continues to move forward confidently. Before our eyes, the agrarian industry is reviving, becoming stronger, taking a strong position at the forefront of the Russian economy. The most important achievement of 2017 was a record grain harvest of 130 million tons. This result was achieved not only by increasing the cultivated areas, which increased by 620 thousand hectares in 2017, but also thanks to the record yield, which amounted to 28 kg / ha, which is 80% higher than in 2000. The maximum harvest in the history of new and Soviet Russia, which will ensure our country a strong leadership in the world wheat market. Russian agriculture remains a driver of the country’s economic development. For the second year in a row, we get a record harvest of not only grain, but also sugar beets and sunflowers, the production of soybeans, rapeseed and greenhouse vegetables is growing. In the new season, grain exports will reach 45 million tons, including more than 35 million tons of wheat. Russia is expanding the geography of its presence, having mastered new directions for the supply of agricultural products. At the end of 10 months of 2017, grain exports increased by 22% compared to the same period in 2016 and amounted to 32 million tons. During the same time, the export of Russian wheat exceeded 24 million tons, which is 23% more than a year earlier. … In Russia, over 17 years, the volume of grain production increased 2 times, sugar beet and sunflower - 2-3 times, soybeans and rapeseed - 10, greenhouse vegetables - 1.8, poultry meat - 6, pork - 2. Fish - 2 times. Greenhouse vegetable growing and horticulture are developing intensively. Progress is being made in the development of animal husbandry and aquaculture. The dairy industry is undergoing a significant transformation, and production volumes on farms are growing. These are new growth points for the agro-industrial complex. Thanks to the achievements of domestic scientists, grain production of agricultural crops can be increased due to many factors. One of the factors is foliar dressing with liquid micro- and macro-fertilizers. Therefore, we studied various combinations of liquid micro-, macrofertilizers, as well as the bio-logical product Albit, in order to identify the best option and recommend it for produc-tion.

Asymmetry in Price Transmission: Evidence from the Wheat-Flour Supply Chain in Russia

Price volatility has serious implications for economic welfare of various agents in the grain supply chain. The paper examines asymmetric price transmission along the wheat producer-processor supply chain in Russia using log-transformed monthly prices during the period of 2000-2019. Having specified linear asymmetric vector error correction model, we exposed the long-term cumulative asymmetry in price transmission, however, the hypothesis of short-term symmetry presence failed to reject. The analysis revealed dominant position for wheat producers and wholesalers over the wheat processors. Imperfect competition and their resulting market power, as well as the existence of a huge number of illegal processors are the main causes for asymmetric price transmission on the Russian wheat market.

Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on multi-scale asymmetric spillovers between food and oil prices

This paper analyzes the time-frequency spillover effects between food and crude oil markets, two particularly important commodity markets, under the impact of the pandemic. Using the BK frequency domain spillover index and the rolling window method, we explore the spillover effects between the food and crude oil markets under the influence of COVID-19, and compare the changes of spillover effects in each market before and during the pandemic. Based the network connectedness method and the Bayesian structural time series method, we further reveal the changes of the pairwise spillover effects between markets on different time scales. Our study shows that the food-oil market system has the strongest spillover effect in the short term, and the spillovers during the pandemic are significantly weaker than that under the financial crisis. In addition, the pandemic has significantly increased the impact of corn on the crude oil market, but reduced its spillovers on soybeans and rice. Finally, during the COVID-19 period, the wheat market is likely to receive more spillovers from other markets, particularly corn and soybeans. These findings are of great significance for market participants with different horizons to understand the spillover effects of food and oil markets under the impact of the pandemic and to avoid the risk transmission across markets or assets.

Global Wheat Market Dynamics: What Is the Role of the EU and the Black Sea Wheat Exporters?

Over the last two decades, three countries in the Black Sea Region—Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan—became global leaders in grain production and trade, and replaced the USA and France as the most previous largest wheat exporting countries. In this study we investigate world wheat price linkages and identify the current “price leaders” of the global wheat market. This empirical analysis is focused on the price relationships between eight of the largest wheat exporting countries and uses a cointegration framework and a vector error-correction model. The results show that, regarding price formation on the world wheat market, the French price is more important for transmitting price signals to other wheat export markets compared to the USA. Furthermore, our results indicate that, despite being leaders in wheat export volumes, the Black Sea wheat prices in Russia and Ukraine adjust to price changes in France, the USA, and Canada. Albeit unrealistic in the short run, the creation of the futures market in the Black Sea region might significantly improve the participation of Black Sea markets in price formation of the global wheat market.

Strategic management of Ukraine's competitive position in the world wheat market in the context of covid-19 and active marketing

Based on the strategic analysis of Ukraine's competitive position in the world wheat market, a comprehensive assessment of this market was carried out in the context of COVID-19 and active marketing. The competitive strategies of the main participants are studied, the directions for strengthening the position of Ukraine are substantiated, strategic alternatives for the behavior of domestic subjects of the world wheat market are developed, the implementation of which will allow forming long-term stable competitive advantages. Proposals to strengthen Ukraine's competitive position in the world wheat market are substantiated, in particular: development of territorially new markets; increasing market share; formation of new market segments by improving the quality of grain and deepening its processing. These measures are recommended to be implemented within the aggressive marketing strategy of the leader, which involves the search for objects in the market for the acquisition and decentralization of management.

DNA fingerprinting at farm level to map wheat variety adoption across Nepal

AbstractWheat is a staple crop in Nepal and is the third major cereal crop grown across the country. To improve productivity and increase the number of farmers growing wheat, the Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), since 1962, has been releasing new wheat varieties with higher productivity and disease resistance. Accurate identification of the varieties grown in farmer's fields is critical for assessing the adoption levels and the impact of new varieties. This understanding can change the landscape of the wheat market and the overall vulnerability of the crop to diseases and abiotic stresses. Current methods of identification that rely on farmer description and morphological traits have been associated with ambiguity. The objective of this study was to determine the varietal adoption of wheat in the seven wheat‐growing provinces of Nepal using DNA fingerprinting technology. The study revealed that ‘Gautam’ and ‘Vijay’ are the most popular wheat varieties planted in the plain areas of Nepal. The area covered in these varieties during the 2018–2019 wheat season was 20.3 and 19.5% respectively. ‘WK1204’ was popular and mostly planted in the mountainous areas of Nepal during the October–May cropping season. The decommissioned varieties, including ‘Lerma Roja‐64’, ‘Pitic62’, ‘Kalyansona’, ‘NL‐30’, ‘Siddhartha’, ‘Vaskar’, ‘Vinayak’, ‘Annapurna‐2’, and ‘NL 251’ are still in use by 8% of wheat farmers across Nepal. Almost 38% of the varieties currently grown were released 20 yr ago. The varietal adoption was determined using molecular markers through fingerprinting, and its implications are discussed in this paper.

Value chain analysis of wheat in Duna district, Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia

Wheat is a source of food and income for Ethiopian farmers in general, and the Duna district in particular. Despite the district's high wheat production potential, a number of constraints impede the wheat sector's and value chain's development. This study, thus, analyzed the wheat value chain in Duna district, Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics, marketing margin, and a multiple linear regression model were used to analyze data from 149 respondents. The result showed that the actors in the wheat value chain have a shaky relationship. According to the findings, flour wholesalers had the highest market margin (18.36%), followed by flour processors (17.70%). The estimated multiple linear regression result revealed that wheat supply is influenced by the quantity of wheat produced, household education level, farming experience, frequency of extension contact, and lagged market price. Furthermore, wheat producers identified climate variability and low wheat prices as the top two problems in wheat production and wheat marketing, respectively. Hence, the government and other concerned bodies should focus on productivity increasing technologies in the study area in order to boost productivity and thus increase wheat market supply. In addition, to solve the marketing problem, the promotion of value-added practices and the formation of wheat cooperatives are suggested.

The influence of Russia's 2010/2011 wheat export ban on spatial market integration and transaction costs of grain markets

AbstractStrong harvest shortfall and high world market prices prompted the Russian government to implement a wheat export ban in 2010 aiming to dampen domestic wheat prices. Building on regional price and trade data of Russia's wheat producing regions, we find strengthened domestic wheat market integration during the export ban period. Market integration decreased to its pre‐ban level in the post‐ban period; however, higher transaction costs resulting from increased risk of domestic grain trade during the export ban continued to prevail. Although market integration was temporarily strengthened, the export ban generally hampers market development in the long run.

Price Dynamics of Domestic and International Wheat Markets: A Vector Error Correction Mechanism (VECM) Approach

Market integration in agricultural commodities is vital for both developed and developing countries alike. If prices are not dreamily transmitted, then it may lead to biases in production and distribution. The strength of interdependence among markets and the speed in which the changes are passed through determine the degree of integration and the global efficiency of markets. This study examines the long-run and short-run integration of domestic and international wheat markets using Co-integration approach within the framework of Vector Error Correction Mechanism (VECM). A sample of two domestic wheat markets comprising two from the national wheat markets of Mathura (UP) and Khanna (Punjab) were selected along with two international wheat markets comprising from United States and Argentina. Analysis was carried out using the monthly price data between January 2003 and Dec 2019. Findings discovered that the prices became stationary merely upon first differencing. The presence of integration was confirmed among markets involving that there is price conduction.

Determinants of Wheat Market Supply in Sinana District

Determinants of Wheat Market Supply in Sinana District

Afghanistan’s Food Security: Evidence from Pakistan and Afghanistan Wheat Price Transmission using Threshold Vector Error Correction Model (TVECM))

Afghanistan's food security mainly depends on Pakistan's wheat prospect, circumstances, agriculture policies, and market price dynamics. This study explores the price transmission mechanism of the wheat flour and wheat grain between Pakistan and Afghanistan using monthly price pairs from January 2003 through October 2017. The paper investigates the existing knowledge of how Pakistan’s agricultural policy and wheat market affects the wheat market and food security of Afghanistan. The results confirm that the wheat flour price of Pakistan is found to be driving the price of wheat flour of Afghanistan. This implies that wheat flour price of Pakistan evolves independently, and that wheat flour price of Afghanistan balances any divergence in the long-run relationship between the two markets prices. The policy implication is to eradicate transaction costs as well as procuring timely wheat grain and flour, in order to maintain price stability between Pakistan and Afghanistan wheat markets.

Transmission of global wheat prices to domestic markets in Kenya: A cointegration approach

This paper evaluates the extent to which changes in international wheat prices are transmitted to domestic markets in Kenya using an error correction model (ECM) that employs monthly producer price data for the period 2002 to 2020. Domestic wheat markets in Kenya were found to be strongly integrated while, international wheat markets were cointegrated with domestic prices at the port of Mombasa. The long-run elasticity of price transmission was estimated at 0.91, which implies that 91% of the changes in international wheat prices are transmitted to domestic markets in Kenya. The speed of adjustment was estimated at -0.069, which implies that it takes about 14 months for the changes in the international wheat price to be fully transmitted to the Kenyan domestic market. Wheat farmers in Kenya seem to be insulated from international price shocks given the long period of time it takes for domestic markets to adjust to international price changes. Even though not explicitly analysed, government border policies, market and infrastructure impediments seem to be underlying causes of the incomplete price pass-through, along with the low speeds of adjustments. Our analysis suggests that the main constraint to a complete pass-through is the existence of price-setting power at the producer level of the wheat market in Kenya. Investments in infrastructure development and the promotion of liberal trade policies can improve the transmission of international wheat price signals to domestic markets in Kenya.

Commercialization level and determinants of market participation of smallholder wheat farmers in northern Ethiopia

Wheat market participation improves the income and economic growth of many smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. Despite this, smallholder farmers are not enough to participate in the wheat market so that commercialization level is very low due to different factors. This study, therefore, identified the determinants of market participation of smallholder wheat farmers and measured its commercialization level in Northern Ethiopia. The data were collected from 190 randomly selected sample households using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and the double hurdle model were used to analyze the collected data. The descriptive result revealed that the average commercialization level of the sample wheat farmers was 10.26%. The model result showed that the age, educational level, current selling price, wheat market experience, access to market/information, off/none farm income, family size, market orientation, distance to all weather roads and land size allocated for wheat significantly affected the smallholder wheat farmers’ market participation. Therefore, a policy on improving market access (by improving market infrastructure, marketing facilities, and encouraging contract farming), farmers’ awareness on market (by farmers’ training), and productivity of land (using the best agronomic practice and improved technology) should be designed to enhance smallholder farmers’ commercialization level.

Respon Masyarakat terhadap Introduksi Budidaya Gandum: Studi Sistem Tumpangsari Gandum dengan Tembakau

Food diversification efforts are carried out by developing wheat as an alternative food source, considering that wheat has been used and consumed by the public in a variety of processed food products. The aim of this community service is to see the knowledge of the community about wheat cultivation in the farming community in Timboa and the community's response to the introduction of wheat cultivation after counseling and training on the introduction of wheat cultivation intercropping with tobacco. Community service was carried out in the Timboa highlands, Ngadirojo Village, Semarang Regency. The method of implementation is done by direct practical learning. Data analysis using qualitative descriptive method. The results of the implementation are farmers knowing wheat, wheat cultivation, wheat processed products and wheat marketing. The public response wants to cultivate wheat as an alternative to cultivated crops

Directions and prospects for expanding the export of russian wheat

The grain economy of Russia has now reached a new high level of development, providing ample opportunities for the expansion of Russian grain to the world market. The research reveals the following main threats to further strengthening the position of Russian wheat in the world market: instability of yields and inappropriate production and logistics infrastructure, which determines overestimated transaction costs and low flexibility of supply. The article analyzes the structure of importers of Russian wheat to characterize the instability of the world wheat market and high competition on it. The aim of the research is to form key directions for ensuring the sustainability and efficiency of wheat exports. The development of the grain product subcomplex of the Russian agro-industrial complex is presented by the authors from the position of priority in ensuring the food security of the population by fully meeting the needs of the domestic market, while exports are assigned the role of an instrument for regulating the grain market. Increasing wheat exports is not a priority for the development of grain farming; however, under the current conditions, this is the main incentive for increasing grain production and a way of obtaining foreign exchange income for agrarians. In this regard, it seems necessary to increase the regulatory role of the state in managing the country's grain balance and intensify investment processes in the industry through improving the country's fiscal and monetary policy in relation to the agricultural sector.

Factor Affecting Wheat Seed Production and Associated Constraints in Kailali District, Nepal

A seed is the most important input to increase wheat production. A seed is the biological basis of the world food security and, directly or indirectly supports the livelihood of every person on earth. To improve the productivity of wheat seed, it is important to adopt improved seed production technologies. Thus, the presented study was conducted with help of a well-structured questionnaire to assess the socio-demographic characteristics, economic status of producers, land &livestock holding, access to different agricultural services, drivers of seed production, market status and marketing of wheat seed, availability of different inputs, and constraints faced by seed producers during production as well as marketing. 60 formal and informal wheat seed producers were included in the survey. It was observed that the majority of wheat seed producers lacked services such as field inspection, roguing, cleaning, and processing. So, they do not acquire the best possible return from seed production. The number of middlemen involved in marketing of wheat seed is high, thus reducing price received by the farmers for their product. Due to lack of quality input, erratic rainfall, lack of technical support, lack of access to the market, the wheat seed production has not been carried out at its full potential in the study region.
 Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 8, Issue-1: 299-305

Assessing the Current Situation of the World Wheat Market Leadership: Using the Semi-Parametric Approach

This paper examines the world wheat market leadership using price discovery occurring in wheat futures markets of the United States (U.S.) and Europe. An error correction model (ECM) generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH), and semi-parametric dynamic copula methods are used for this purpose. The results indicate a positive link between U.S. and Europe price discovery which is stronger, fluctuating less after August 2010 because of a drought occurring in the Black Sea region, and then lessens, fluctuating more after 2015 with the changing wheat trade map. Furthermore, after 2015, wheat market leadership moved from the U.S. to the European market, meaning price discovery is primarily located by the Marché à Terme International de France (MATIF) futures market.