Food security has become a primary concern for both developing and developed nations alike, as it is fundamentally linked to achieving national sovereignty and stability. Algeria, like many other countries, is actively striving to attain robust food security indicators, leveraging its abundant resources. Consequently, this research paper aims to illuminate the concept of food security and the pivotal role of the wheat market in its realization, while delving into its multifaceted dimensions. To achieve this objective, we have conducted an analytical study of Algeria's domestic wheat market spanning from 2016 to 2022. Our analysis encompassed production, wheat imports, consumption. Despite Algeria's diverse climate and vast land area, our findings reveal a persistent economic dependency on wheat imports. This reliance is attributed to the encroachment of urban areas on agricultural lands, coupled with inefficient domestic agricultural policies and outdated equipment that fails to keep pace with technological advancements.