Wheatgrass Research Articles

Conventional and Modern Techniques to Treat Cancer

Cancer is global health problem responsible for one in six deaths worldwide. Treating cancer has been a highly complex process. Based on common belief, herbal medicine with the least possible side effect should be the centre of attention in cancer care. Cancer remains one of the most formidable challenges in modern medicine, with diverse forms and intricate mechanisms of progression. Cancer is a complex and multifaceted group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. This abstract provides a broad overview of various cancer types, highlighting their prevalence, risk factors, diagnostic methods, and treatment options. The main objective of cancer treatment is – How to discover? How to detect? How to prevent? How to treat? There are various herbal drugs that are used to treat cancer. Some mentioned drugs are as follows- curcumin, astragalus, wheat grass, green tea, garlic and ashwagandha, cinnamon and zinger etc… The most widely used traditional treatment methods are surgery chemotherapy and radiotherapy while modern modalities includes hormone therapy, targeted cell therapy, steam cell therapies, immunotherapies, radiation therapies, and antioxidants drugs. As we known some modern techniques are also used in treatment in cancer such as – Nano medicine, nano therapy, liquid biopsies and gene editing.

Lignin, extractives and structural carbohydrate characteristics of Thinopyrum intermedium biomass reveal additional valorization opportunities for dual-crop utilization.

Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey, or intermediate wheat grass (IWG), is being developed as the first widely-available perennial grain candidate. However, because the crop is still in development, grain yields are lower than those of traditional cereals. Utilization of its non-grain biomass (e.g. for biofuel production and as a source of fine chemicals) would increase the economic value of its cultivation. The present study provides a structural characterization of the lignin and cell wall carbohydrates in IWG biomass and qualitative profiling of biomass extractives and compares them to those of annual wheat (Triticum aestivum) biomass grown in the same location and growing season. The monosaccharide composition and ester-linked phenolic acid contents of vegetative biomass material from annual wheat and IWG were similar. IWG vegetative biomass is rich in feruloylated arabinoxylans (AX) with a very low substitution rate, whereas the AX from IWG bran have a slightly higher substitution rate. The structure of IWG lignin was investigated using both the quantitative derivatization followed by reductive cleavage method and 2D-NMR analysis, revealing an H:G:S lignin that incorporates tricin and is acylated with coumaric acid and smaller amounts of ferulates. IWG and wheat extractives contained fatty acids, various free phenolic compounds (tricin, monolignols and phenolic acids), phenolic conjugates and phytosterols. The present study provides firm support for the further exploration of T. intermedium biomass as a carbohydrate feedstock (e.g, abundant in lightly substituted AX and cellulose polymers) for biofuel production and source of high-value fine chemicals, such as tricin. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Biocompatible Sugar Beet Molasses Carbon Dots as Potential Elicitor to Improve Bioactive Compounds of Wheatgrass Juice

PurposeThe enrichment of health-promoting compounds in plants and foods has received significant research attention over the past years, leading researchers to use cutting-edge technologies like elicitation in agriculture and food production systems. Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown to function as effective elicitors, enhancing the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Although carbon dots (CDs) are at the forefront due to their favorable characteristics, such as being green, biocompatible, and low toxicity, their functions as elicitors have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the potential effect of sugar beet molasses carbon dots (SBM-CDs), characterized by their endogenous food-borne nature as elicitors, on the agronomic and bioactive compounds of wheatgrass juice obtained from hydroponically cultivated wheatgrasses.MethodsWheatgrasses were grown with and without SBM-CDs extracted from molasses at 50–200 mg L− 1 concentrations through a nutrient solution in a hydroponic system. After 7 days, wheatgrass juice was obtained by squeezing wheatgrass. The effects of SBM-CDs were investigated by assessing the agronomic parameters and bioactive compounds of wheatgrass juice.ResultsThe amount of β-carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C, and chlorophyll a increased by 150%, 84%, 25%, and 89%, respectively, with the application of 200 mg L− 1 SBM-CDs (p < 0.01) in comparison with the control group (the application without SBM-CDs). Besides, this application resulted in a 34% increase in the total quantity of tested phenolic compounds.ConclusionsThese data suggest that our biomass-derived renewable CDs may be a novel category of elicitors for enhancing the production of bioactive compounds in wheatgrass.

Green and chemical synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles: Evaluation of their anti-proliferative activity against breast cancer cell line – An in vitro and in silico approach

Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized through both chemical and green approaches using wheat grass (WG) extract. Characterization techniques included Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. CS-ZnO NPs and WG-ZnO NPs exhibited characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks at 360 nm and 320 nm, respectively, with low polydispersity index (PDI) values indicating uniform nanoparticle dispersion. FTIR analysis revealed distinct functional groups on the ZnO NPs’ surface for stabilization. XPS confirmed atomic composition and oxidation state, while XRD confirmed their hexagonal wurtzite structure. SEM images revealed rod-shaped structures, supported by EDX analysis confirming ZnO NP formation through elemental content. The synthesized ZnO NPs demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells, causing changes in nuclear morphology, increased reactive oxygen species levels, and membrane damage. Wound healing assay highlighted their potential in inhibiting cancer metastasis. Molecular docking between WG compounds and breast cancer targets revealed that the enhanced efficacy of green-synthesized ZnO NPs could be attributed to covalent linkage of active molecules of WG onto the nanoparticle surface. Overall, ZnO NPs synthesized using the green method outperformed their chemically synthesized counterparts.

Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Triticum aestivum L. Terhadap Kadar Gula Darah Mus musculus L. Hiperglikemia

This study aims to examine the effect of wheatgrass juice on the blood sugar levels of M. musculus L. hyperglycemia. This research is an experimental study using a completely randomized design. This study used 25 mice for 42 days in two control groups, namely negative and positive. The positive group was given glibenclamide after sucrose induction. There were three treatments in this study, namely P1 50%, P2 75%, and P3 100%, which were taken with wheat grass juice after sucrose induction. Check blood sugar levels using Easy Touch. The data was tested by ANOVA, followed by DMRT at the five percent level. The results showed that, at the end of the experiment, T. aestivum L. juice affected M. musculus L. blood sugar hyperglycemia. The most optimal use of T. aestivum L is P3 (100%). Keywords: Blood Sugar, Hyperglycemia, Wheat Grass Juice

Phytochemical Investigation and Isolation of Active Constituent from Hydro-Alcoholic Extract of Triticum aestivum (Wheat Grass)

Phytochemical Investigation and Isolation of Active Constituent from Hydro-Alcoholic Extract of Triticum aestivum (Wheat Grass)

Preparation and Evaluation of Immune Boosting Syrup using Wheat Grass &amp; Pumpkin Seeds Extract

A research work on Preparation and Evaluation of Immune Boosting Syrup using Wheat grass &amp; Pumpkin seeds extract. Human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, organs and proteins. When bacteria, virus, toxins, chemicals invade the body, immune system recognizes an antigen and help the body fight infections and other diseases by producing antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that work to attack the antigen and also weaken, destroy antigens. In this research work wheat grass and pumpkin seeds used as immune boosting agents. Wheat grass and pumpkin seeds contain variety of nutrients, minerals, vitamins, ant-bacterial, anti-microbial, anti-oxidizing agents that boost the immune system. Extracts of natural immune boosters added to the sucrose syrup one by one. Add orange syrup as flavoring agent to the syrup. A lemon yellow color, moderate viscous, orange flavored syrup, weak acidic pH, good theology of syrup was prepared. Stability analysis studies of syrup at different temperatures gives good results.

Screening herbal extracts as biostimulant to increase germination, plant growth and secondary metabolite production in wheatgrass

Recently it has been recognized that herbal plants contain endogenous molecules with biostimulant properties, capable of inducing morphological and biochemical changes in crop plants. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted to screen herbal samples for their plant growth promoting properties. Twenty-five herbal extracts were tested for their biostimulating activity on wheat crop (Triticum aestivum) through seed priming. Morphological parameters chosen for evaluation include: percent seed germination, length and weight of seedling, wheat grass length and biomass. Biochemical parameters include: total phenolic and flavonoid, enzymatic activity of catalase and phenylalanine ammonium lyase and antioxidant activity. Results indicated an increase in the tested parameters by the extracts, however the biostimulant property varied between the selected herbal samples. Some of the samples, such as Phyllanthus emblica, Plumbago zeylanica, Catharanthus roseus and Baccopa monnieri, were highly effective in inducing plant growth promoting parameters. Principal component analysis was performed and herbal samples were grouped into categories based on their activity.

Effect of Triticum Aestivum (Wheat Grass) Against Nephrotoxicity Induced by Arsenic

Effect of Triticum Aestivum (Wheat Grass) Against Nephrotoxicity Induced by Arsenic

Synergistic advances in natural fibre composites: a comprehensive review of the eco-friendly bio-composite development, its characterization and diverse applications.

In recent years, there has been enhanced interest in the domain of natural fibre composites (NFCs) because of their capacity to provide eco-compatible solutions to ever-increasing ecological concerns. This review provides an intensive assessment of the current situation with examination, progress, and applications concerning NFCs. Natural fibres, viz., jute, kenaf, ramie, banana, coir, wheat grass, etc., and their scope in the development of sustainable composites, techniques involved in the fabrication of the composites, characterization techniques, viz., thermo-mechanical and morphological, biodegradability, dampness retention attributes, and potential applications have been extensively reviewed and reported. Besides, this review encompasses the deterrents and conceivable outcomes connected to NFCs, alongside their environmental implications and monetary feasibility. Through a critical evaluation of the existing literature, this article provides a detailed summary of NFCs for real-time engineering applications. It also provides insights into sustainability practices through NFCs.

Evaluation of Remineralization Potential of White tea and Wheat grass on White Spot Lesions

Evaluation of Remineralization Potential of White tea and Wheat grass on White Spot Lesions

Exploring The Effect of Wheat Grass Juice on Thalassaemia: A Comprehensive Review

Thalassemia is a hereditary blood disorder characterized by a deficiency in the oxygen-carrying protein (haemoglobin) and a reduced number of red blood cells in the body compared to normal. Mild forms of thalassemia may not necessitate treatment, while severe cases may require blood transfusions or a stem-cell transplant from a donor. Wheatgrass extract is seen as a supplementary treatment option for thalassemia, although research in this field is still in its early stages. Wheatgrass is a low-calorie substance but rich in essential nutrients, including antioxidants like glutathione, vitamin C, and vitamin E that plays a crucial role in combating harmful free radicals in the body, reducing oxidative stress, and providing protection against conditions such as arthritis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. The proposed mechanism behind wheatgrass extract involves the swift absorption of chlorophyll and its action at the cellular level in the bone marrow, facilitating heme production. Treatment with wheatgrass tablets has been found to maintain serum ferritin levels and increase HbF levels in children with thalassemia who undergo frequent blood transfusions. However, it does not appear to reduce the frequency of blood transfusions required. Wheatgrass tablets also contribute to an improved quality of life for children with thalassemia. The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of wheatgrass therapy in patients with transfusion-dependent anemia, further extensive studies involving a larger patient population would be necessary.

Physico-chemical, optical, and functional characterization of the developed phytochemical rich water dispersible tablets from moringa leaf and wheat grass powder

Moringa oleifera is a well-recognized wonder plant with vigorous growth, great nutritional potential, and full of phytochemicals to add therapeutic and medicinal effects. Wheat grass also has proven health benefits like moringa. Moringa leaves and wheat grass were dehydrated in a cabinet drier and powdered. These powders were analysed for physicochemical, optical, nutritional, functional, rheological, structural, and phytochemical characteristics. The developed powders were rich in protein, phenolic content, and antioxidant potential to be used for prophylactic purposes. Antioxidant value was observed as 88.86±0.15, and 38.08±0.32 mg/g and the total phenolic content as 149.30±2.26 and 126.06±0.47 mg GAE/100g for the moringa leaf and wheatgrass powder, respectively. During storage at room temperature for three months the antioxidant potential was reduced to almost 10-15%. The rapid loss of vital phytochemicals happens due to the process of oxidation, as powders were having higher exposed surface area to volume. Wet granulation method was applied for tablet formation from moringa leaf and/or wheatgrass powder. The tablets were tested for weight variations, hardness, disintegration, sedimentation characteristics, wetting volume, wetting time, and functional characteristics. Insignificant change in the antioxidant activity and TPC were observed on converting the powders into tablets. The detailed phytochemicals as present in the developed tablets may find role in prophylactic and therapeutic applications.

Influence of Using Wheatgrass Juice on The Nutritional Value and Characteristics of Set Yogurt

Influence of Using Wheatgrass Juice on The Nutritional Value and Characteristics of Set Yogurt

Review on Nutrient Contents and Health Benefits of Wheatgrass Juice

The main aim of this review is to provide an overview of the nutrient contents and health benefits of grain wheat for wheatgrass juice. Wheatgrass juice is the young grass of the common wheat plant (Triticum aestivum) freshly juiced for human consumption. Wheatgrass growing and preparation of its juice in our homes in both rural and urban areas is easy and convenient. Wheatgrass is grown in trays to preserve its quality when delivered to food establishments. When the wheatgrass reached a height of above 7 inches, they are cut a half inch above the surface of the soil and harvested for wheatgrass juice production after 8 days from grain sowing or 13 days from grain soaking. The wheatgrass juice is extracted by manual or electric juicer and filtered to remove the suspended matter. Wheatgrass juice is a complete food that contains chlorophyll, proteins, minerals like K, Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, P, and S, vitamins such as A, B, C, and E, bioflavonoids, enzymes, and 17 forms of amino acids. The pH factor of the wheatgrass juice and human blood is 7.4, which may be the reason why wheatgrass juice is quickly absorbed into the blood. Wheatgrass juice is used for treating protein-energy malnutrition, micronutrient deficiency, and chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular, thalassemia, and cancer of any organ. In addition, wheatgrass juice is an excellent antioxidant due to the presence of 70% of chlorophyll.

First report on Bacillus subtilis EU-WG-01 endophytic bacterium from wheat grass and development of probiotic formulation

Wheat grass, one of the members of Poaceae family, has been examined for therapeutic drugs efficiently. Wheat grass juice has become a popular beverage in various countries. Wheat grass is low in calories but high in nutrients, including antioxidants such as glutathione, vitamin C, and vitamin E. The juice is extracted from shoots of tender wheat grass and is an intensive source of minerals, vitamins, chlorophylls, antioxidants, polyphenols and active enzymes. The present investigation deals with the isolation of endophytic bacteria from wheat grass and development of probiotic formulation. A total of 25 endophytic bacteria were isolated from wheat grass and screened for pigment and hydrolytic enzyme production. The selected bacterial strains were screened for antimicrobial activity against pathogenic organisms Bacillus cereus (MTCC-430), E. coli (MTCC-1687) and Yersinia sp. (MTCC-4912). The efficient bacterial strain EU-WG-01 was identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Bacillus subtilis. Bacillus subtilis EU-WG-01 was inoculated into mango juice to prepare a probiotic formulation. Bacillus subtilis EU-WG-01 at concentration of 15% was used to ferment the probiotic drink. The physiochemical (Total soluble sugars, reducing/non-reducing sugars, titratable acidity, antioxidant activity, protein content, color attributes and ascorbic acid), biomass and cell viable count were analysed. Among the physiochemical parameters a significant decrease was observed in total soluble sugar from 15.68°brix to 16.51°brix, total sugars from 13.30% to 7.50%, non-reducing sugars reduced from 10.20% to 1.30%, ascorbic acid from 21.60/100 mg mL−1 to 14.90/100 mg mL−1. The antioxidant activity from 6.55% to 3.56% except for titratable acidity and reducing sugars increased significantly during 30 days storage under refrigeration. Bacillus subtilis EU-WG-01 viability was found to remain well above 2 log CFU/mL−1 for 30 days. Bacillus subtilis EU-WG-01 could be used for probiotic formulation for human health.

Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties, Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) on Selected Dietary Supplements (Barley Grass, Wheatgrass and Chlorella vulgaris powders)

Introduction: Three selected dietary supplements (DS), barley grass (BG), wheatgrass (WG), and Chlorella vulgaris (CV), are commercially available. However, more information is needed about the antioxidant properties of the three DS and their potential health benefits on adults’ health and well-being. Thus, this study aimed to determine the antioxidant properties and adults’ knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of the three selected DS. Methods: In phase 1, an experimental study was conducted on antioxidant analysis, total phenolic content (TPC) and DPPH radical scavenging activity for the three DS. For phase 2, a cross-sectional survey (n=338) was conducted for the three DS through an online platform where convenience sampling was performed. Results: In phase 1, BG (2.83±0.50mg GAE/g DW) had the highest TPC, followed by WG (2.02±0.20mg GAE/g DW) and CV (1.74±0.65mg GAE/g DW); DPPH radical scavenging activity, BG (198.23±0.15µg/mL) and WG (177.25±0.17µg/mL) had lower IC50 compared to CV (1185.84±0.28µg/mL). Significant differences (p&lt;0.05) were found between IC50 of the three DS and standards, butylated hydroxytoluene (24.51±0.37µg/mL) and quercetin (26.04±0.55µg/mL). While in phase 2, poor knowledge (51.5%), moderate attitude (39.6%), and poor practice (43.2%) levels were observed in most of the participants. Moreover, working adults reported higher scores in knowledge (3.70±1.51) compared to students (3.33±1.63, p=0.037). Males had higher scores (29.27±2.42) in attitude compared to females (28.49±2.68, p=0.030). Besides, participants who were single and completed tertiary education with 4-6 years of working experience showed better practice scores. The overall knowledge (r=0.134, p=0.013) and attitude (r=0.273, p&lt;0.001) scores correlated significantly with practice scores. Conclusion: Participants’ poor knowledge, moderate attitude, and inadequate practice in phase 2 caution against over-reliance on supplements, emphasizing the importance of an active lifestyle and balanced diet for optimal health and longevity.

Experimental evaluation of anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of methanolic extract of Triticum aestivum (wheatgrass) in albino mice

Background: Anxiety and depression are common psychiatric conditions. The present study was carried out to find antianxiety and antidepressant activity of methanolic extract of Triticum aestivum (wheat grass) in mice. Materials and methods: The methanolic extract of Triticum aestivum (META) was screened for antianxiety activity by elevated plus maze (EPM) and light and dark box (LDB) and for antidepressant activity by forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) in mice. Animals were divided into four groups having six animals in each group. Group I served as control and received gum acacia aqueous suspension 10 ml/kg, Groups II and III served as test groups and received META 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively, Group IV served as standard group and received diazepam 1 mg/kg for antianxiety activity and fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) for antidepressant activity once daily for thirty days. Result: META 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significant (P &lt; 0.01) dose-dependent increase in entries and stay in the open arms in EPM and entries and stay in the light compartment in LDB as compared to control. Antianxiety effect of META at dose of 400 mg/kg was comparable (P &gt; 0.05) with diazepam 1mg/kg. META 200 and 400 mg/kg also produced dose-dependent significant (P &lt; 0.01) antidepressant effect, indicated by reduction in the immobility time as compared to control in both FST and TST. The antidepressant activity of META at dose of 400 mg/kg was comparable (P &gt; 0.05) with fluoxetine 20 mg/kg. Conclusion: Results of our study suggested that META possess dose-dependent significant antianxiety and antidepressant activities.

Design and Analysis of Innovative Machine to make Bio Cups and Plates from Agricultural Waste

Abstract: With the growing popularity of sustainability, many companies have begun using environmentally friendly materials. This is particularly significant for the disposable tableware market. one hundred billion single-use cups are sent to landfills annually in the our country. Their production, usage, and disposal cause deforestation, pollution, and human health problems. Attempts have been made to produce more environmentally friendly tableware, however, these options are frequently not economically or logistically viable. From This innovative design of machine , we can make a bio degradable cups and plates from different agricultural waste materials like banana stem, rice bran, rice husk, paddy straw, wheat bran, wheat grass, tender coconut shell, coir fiber and so on. Based on the raw materials available on their locations we can able to make a sustainable single use cups from the available agricultural waste materials. After utilization of this single use tea cups, Again by crushing and dissolved in water, we can provide these as a cattle feed. This project strived to develop a single-use cup that meets the market need while remaining biodegradable and sustainably sourced. The designing of the innovative machine is carried out by using the software PTC creo 8.0.And the analysis is carried out by solidworks simulation.

Anti-Alzheimer Activity of Combinations of Cocoa with Vinpocetine or Other Nutraceuticals in Rat Model: Modulation of Wnt3/β-Catenin/GSK-3β/Nrf2/HO-1 and PERK/CHOP/Bcl-2 Pathways.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating illness with limited therapeutic interventions. The aim of this study is to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AD and explore the potential neuroprotective effects of cocoa, either alone or in combination with other nutraceuticals, in an animal model of aluminum-induced AD. Rats were divided into nine groups: control, aluminum chloride (AlCl3) alone, AlCl3 with cocoa alone, AlCl3 with vinpocetine (VIN), AlCl3 with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), AlCl3 with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), AlCl3 with wheatgrass (WG), AlCl3 with vitamin (Vit) B complex, and AlCl3 with a combination of Vit C, Vit E, and selenium (Se). The animals were treated for five weeks, and we assessed behavioral, histopathological, and biochemical changes, focusing on oxidative stress, inflammation, Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling, ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis. AlCl3 administration induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and downregulation of cellular antioxidants (Nrf2, HO-1, SOD, and TAC). AlCl3 also upregulated inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α and IL-1β) and GSK-3β, leading to increased tau phosphorylation, decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, and downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Furthermore, AlCl3 intensified C/EBP, p-PERK, GRP-78, and CHOP, indicating sustained ER stress, and decreased Beclin-1 and anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expressions. These alterations contributed to the observed behavioral and histological changes in the AlCl3-induced AD model. Administration of cocoa, either alone or in combination with other nutraceuticals, particularly VIN or EGCG, demonstrated remarkable amelioration of all assessed parameters. The combination of cocoa with nutraceuticals attenuated the AD-mediated deterioration by modulating interrelated pathophysiological pathways, including inflammation, antioxidant responses, GSK-3β-Wnt/β-catenin signaling, ER stress, and apoptosis. These findings provide insights into the intricate pathogenesis of AD and highlight the neuroprotective effects of nutraceuticals through multiple signaling pathways.