Wheatgrass Research Articles

EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS ON THE SHADE OF THE BLEACHED ENAMEL USING SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

Background and Aim: The bleached enamel surface requires application of antioxidant as there will be continuous release of free oxygen radicals. It would be beneficial if remineralizing agent which is recommended after bleaching also provides an antioxidant therapy. The natural antioxidants are colored. Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of natural antioxidants on the shade of the bleached enamel.
 Materials and Methods: Thirty single rooted maxillary anterior teeth were selected for the study. For all the samples middle third portion of the labial surface of the teeth was standardized using computerized cellophane stickers. Bleaching was carried out with 22% Carbamide peroxide gel (Philips Zoom Nite White). Based on the type of antioxidant solution application, samples were divided into three groups of ten samples each. Group I control (n=10) Group-II (n=10) 10% wheat grass solution (Sresta natural Bio products, India) Group-III (n=10) 5% grape seed extract (Zenith nutrition, Medizen Labs Pvt.Ltd, India). L, a, b values were recorded with spectrophotometry (Vita Zahnfabrik H. RauterGmbH & Co. KG,Bad Sackingen, Germany) thrice for each sample at the three respective time periods i.e at baseline, after bleaching and after antioxidant application.
 Results: ΔE values were subjected to statistical analysis using one way ANOVA with p>0.05 and the results were tabulated. It was observed that there was statistical insignificant difference between the groups with a p value of 0.295(p>0.05). Conclusion: The antioxidants 5% grape seed extract and 10% wheat grass extract did not affect the shade of the bleached enamel.
 Keywords: tooth bleaching, antioxidant, shade, spectrophotometry

Effect of photoperiod and growth media on yield and antioxidant properties of wheatgrass juice of Indian wheat varieties.

The effect of photoperiod durations (16h light:8h dark vs 22h light:2h dark) and different doses (0.5x and 1x) of Murashige and Skoog medium on the yield and antioxidant characteristics of wheatgrass from hard, medium-hard and soft wheat varieties were analyzed. The average wheatgrass height and wheatgrass yield increased in MS media both under normal photoperiod as well as in water under prolonged photoperiod. An increase in total phenolic content (TPC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of wheatgrass in different strengths of MS media under normal photoperiod was observed. Whereas, increase in protein content, chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b, total Chl, average TPC, DPPH inhibition and FRAP values were observed for wheatgrass of different varieties grown in water under prolonged photoperiod. The accumulation of polypeptides (PPs) of 92kDa, 33kDa, 23kDa, 14kDa, 12kDa, and 10kDa for wheatgrass shoot powder of different varieties was affected by strength of MS media and duration of photoperiod. On the contrary, wheatgrass juice powder showed major changes in the accumulation of PPs 33kDa and 23kDa PPs under varied strength of MS media and prolonged photoperiod.

Nephro-protective activity of wheatgrass juice against alcohol-induced oxidative damage in rats

The present study is an attempt to check the protective effect of fresh wheatgrass juice (WJ) as a potential therapeutic agent against alcohol-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress leading to nephrotoxicity in rats. Administration of 20% ethanol (5 g/kg b.wt/day) for 60 days resulted in a significant rise in the plasma concentrations of urea and creatinine with decreased levels of uric acid. Besides, a significant decrease in plasma electrolyte/mineral levels along with decreased activity of Na+/K+-ATPase activity was recorded in alcohol administered rats. In alcohol administered rats augmented lipid peroxidation (thio-barbituric acid reactive substance – TBARS) and nitric oxide (NOx) reflects the increased oxidative stress and nitrosative stress, moreover, we noticed a concomitant decrease in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) with decreased activities of antioxidant enzyme machinery viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione s-transferase (GST). Administration of WJ to the alcoholic rats significantly restored the plasma biochemical markers and the kidney antioxidant status near to control group animal levels. These findings were further confirmed by the kidney histopathological studies, wherein the protective effect of WJ treatment in retaining the morphological features of the renal tissue in spite of the alcohol administration was evident. The rich repertoire of phenolic compounds present in the WJ from the freshly sprouted seeds synergistically protected the kidney from alcohol-induced damage.

Examining the Effects of Whole Crop Wheat Silage on Ewe Performance during Late Gestation Compared to Traditional Grass Silage across Three Prolific Breed Types.

Simple SummaryNutrition of the ewe during late pregnancy can impact the subsequent performance of the ewe and her lambs. In indoor lambing systems, grass silage is the predominant forage used but is of sub-optimal quality. This study examined the potential of whole crop cereal silage when offered to one of three prolific breed types in late pregnancy. With the exception of reduced crude protein intake on the whole crop wheat silage diets, nutrient intake or ewe body reserves were not affected by forage type. However, ewes offered whole crop wheat silage-based diets produced smaller lambs. Mule ewes produced lower volumes of colostrum in the first 18 h after lambing reflecting a lower nutrient intake during late pregnancy. Maternal nutrition and breed type merit careful consideration in prolific sheep production systems to ensure lamb welfare and survivability are not compromised.Provision of adequate nutrient intake in late gestation of the ewe is an important determinant of dam and offspring performance. A 2 × 3 factorial design experiment examining two forage types, whole crop wheat silage (WCWS) or grass silage (GS) offered to one of three prolific breed types, (Belclare X, Lleyn X, Mule (Bluefaced Leicester × Blackface Mountain)), was conducted. Forage type had no impact on dry matter (DM) or metabolizable energy (ME) intake, body weight and body condition score change, or colostrum production (p > 0.05). Ewes offered WCWS had lower crude protein (CP) intake (p < 0.0001) and a lower combined litter weight (p < 0.05). Mule ewes consumed less DM, CP, (p < 0.05), and ME (p < 0.01) compared to Belclare X and Lleyn X ewes however, water intake per kg DM consumed did not differ with breed type (p > 0.05). Colostrum yield over the first 18 h postpartum was lower for Mule ewes compared to other breed types (p < 0.05). In conclusion, results from this study suggest nutrient concentration and balance as opposed to forage type is important for late gestation nutrition and breed type can impact feed intake and colostrum yield.

Extracellular Vesicles Reflect the Efficacy of Wheatgrass Juice Supplement in Colon Cancer Patients During Adjuvant Chemotherapy.

IntroductionColorectal cancer (CC) is the third most common type of cancer, accounting for 10% of all cancer cases. Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended in stages II–III CC. Wheatgrass juice (WGJ) from wheat seeds has high nutritional values, may induce synergistic benefits to chemotherapy and may attenuate chemotherapy-related side effects. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are subcellular membrane blebs. EVs include exosomes (generated in the endosome, in size <150 nm) and microvesicles (shed from the plasma cell membrane) provide information on their parental cells and play a role in intercellular communication. We aimed to elucidate the effects of chemotherapy administration with supportive treatment of WGJ on CC patients’ EVs characteristics.MethodsEVs were isolated from the blood samples of 15 healthy controls (HCs) and 50 CC patients post-surgery, treated by chemotherapy, with or without additional daily WGJ. Blood samples were taken before, during, and at the end of chemotherapy. EVs were characterized by size, concentration, membrane antigens and cytokine content using nanoparticle-tracking analysis, western blot, flow cytometry, and protein array methods.ResultsEVs were found to be similar by size and concentration with reduced levels of exosome markers (CD81) on samples at the end of combined treatment (chemotherapy and WGJ). Higher levels of endothelial EVs, which may indicate impairment of the vascular endothelial cells during treatment, were found in CC patients treated by chemotherapy only compared to those with chemotherapy and daily WGJ. Also, EVs thrombogenicity was lower in patients added WGJ compared to patients who had only chemotherapy (levels of tissue factor p = 0.029 and endothelial protein C receptor p = 0.005). Following treatments, levels of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR-1) and the majority of growth-factors/pro-inflammatory cytokines were higher in EVs of patients treated by chemotherapy only than in EVs obtained from patients with the combined treatment.ConclusionDaily consumption of WGJ during chemotherapy may reduce vascular damage and chemotherapy-related thrombogenicity, growth factors and cytokines, as reflected by the characteristics of patient’s EVs.

Фотосинтетическая деятельность и агроэнергетическая эффективность выращивания многолетних трав при разных режимах использования травостоя

Abstract. The purpose of research is to study the adaptability and stability of new varieties and species of perennial grasses under different modes of use of grass (hay, pasture), aimed at reducing the dependence of their productivity on fluctuations in agrometeorological conditions in the arid zone. The research is based on the methods of designing grasslands adapted to extreme conditions of the arid zone and capable of withstanding temperature, water, and coenotic stresses due to morphophysiological reactions of plants. Results and practical significance. The most productive eco-plastic grass mixtures of new varieties of perennial legumes and grasses that are necessary for creating agrophytocenoses for target use have been identified. Correlative relationships of the productivity level of the species and variety with the physiological parameters of plants were established. The role of the phytocenotic factor that characterizes the relationship of plants in different modes of use of grass (haymaking, pasture) is determined and patterns in the dynamics of accumulation of crop biomass by grass mixtures of different botanical composition are established. The highest biomass on average for 4 years was formed by crops in the mode of haymaking use of grass (alfalfa + wheat grass + brome + sainfoin + melilot – 3.07 t/ha of dry matter). For pasture use, on average, over 4 years, the highest productivity was provided by a grass mixture – alfalfa + fairway + brome + wheatgrass + festulolium + sainfoin + melilot with a collection of 1.5 t/ha of dry matter and 9.6 GJ/ha of exchange energy for a net energy income of 8.7 GJ/ha. Scientific novelty. For the first time for the conditions of the dry-steppe zone, an adaptive approach to the creation of productive stands of perennial grass mixtures with the participation of new varieties and species of legumes and grasses, revealing the mechanism of plant interaction based on the developed optical structure of phytocenosis in different modes of forage use (haymaking, pasture), is proposed.

Application of Cryopreserved Human Intestinal Mucosa and Cryopreserved Human Enterocytes in the Evaluation of Herb-Drug Interactions: Evaluation of CYP3A Inhibitory Potential of Grapefruit Juice and Commercial Formulations of Twenty-Nine Herbal Supplements.

Commercial formulations of 29 commonly used herbal supplements (HSs) and grapefruit juice were evaluated for drug interaction potential via quantification of their CYP3A inhibitory potential in two in vitro experimental models of human small intestine, cryopreserved human intestinal mucosa (CHIM), and cryopreserved human enterocytes (CHEs). Two CYP3A substrates were used-in the studies with CHIM, CYP3A activity was quantified via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry quantification of midazolam 1'-hydroxylation, whereas in CHE, luciferin-IPA metabolism to luciferin was quantified by luminescence. Upon treatment of CHIM with the estimated lumen concentration of the HS upon each oral administration (manufacturers' recommended dosage dissolved in 200 ml of culture medium), >80% CYP3A inhibition was observed for green tea extract, St. John's wort, valerian root, horehound, and grapefruit juice. Less than 50% inhibition was observed for fenugreek, aloe vera, guarana, soy isoflavone, maca, echinacea, spirulina, evening primrose, milk thistle, cranberry, red yeast rice, rhodiola, ginkgo biloba, turmeric, curcumin, white kidney bean, garlic, cinnamon, saw palmetto berries, panax ginseng, black elderberry, wheat grass juice, flaxseed oil, black cohosh, and ginger root. The results were confirmed in a a dose-response study with HSs obtained from three suppliers for the four inhibitory HSs (green tea extract, horehound, St. John's wort, valerian root) and three representative noninhibitory HSs (black cohosh, black elderberry, echinacea). Similar results were obtained with the inhibitory HSs in CHE. The results illustrate that CHIM and CHE represent physiologically relevant in vitro experimental models for the evaluation of drug interaction potential of herbal supplements. Based on the results, green tea extract, horehound, St. John's wort, and valerian root may cause drug interactions with orally administered drugs that are CYP3A substrates, as was observed for grapefruit juice. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In vitro evaluation of 29 popular herbal supplements in cryopreserved human intestinal mucosa identified green tea extract, horehound, St. John's wort, and valerian root to have CYP3A inhibitory potential similar to that for grapefruit juice, suggesting their potential to have clinically significant pharmacokinetic interaction with orally administered drugs that are CYP3A substrates. The results suggest that cryopreserved human intestinal mucosa can be used for in vitro evaluation of drug interactions involving enteric drug metabolism.

Characteristics of the Wheatgrass Extraction using Frictionless Extractor

Characteristics of the Wheatgrass Extraction using Frictionless Extractor

Amendments to improve plant response under simulated water-limited conditions in diamond mine Anthroposols

Development of Anthroposols for land reclamation requires consideration of a variety of factors to support plant establishment and growth. Water limitation is a key challenge when using mine waste as a growth medium, and these materials also have poor structure and lack organic matter and nutrients. These greenhouse experiments assessed effectiveness of treatments composed of hydrogel and organic amendments to increase plant establishment and growth under water-limited conditions in mine waste materials (crushed rock, lakebed sediment, and processed kimberlite) from a diamond mine in northern Canada. Amendments were hydrogel, peat, sewage, and soil, mixed with waste materials (substrates) at four application rates, and seeded with slender wheat grass (Elymus trachycaulus). One experiment assessed germination response with limited watering during germination, and the other experiment assessed growth response with adequate water during germination followed by restricted water. Substrate had the greatest effect on germination, with processed kimberlite and crushed rock being most successful, at least 10% higher than lakebed sediment. Sewage amendment resulted in the largest plants (mean 0.22 g in lakebed sediment, 0.40 g in crushed rock and processed kimberlite, 0.05 g no amendment); sewage had a limited effect on germination. Highest organic amendment application generally improved plant response. Hydrogel did not improve plant growth, although it increased germination up to 63% in processed kimberlite. Type of mine waste, amendment, and rate of application impacted germination and plant growth and can be altered to build a suitable Anthroposol for reclamation.

Wheatgrass Juice Administration and Immune Measures during Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Colon Cancer Patients: Preliminary Results.

Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended in high-risk stage II–III colorectal cancer (CC). We examine the effect of daily wheatgrass juice (WGJ) intake in addition to chemotherapy on immune parameters, including IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and white blood cells (WBCs) among CC patients. In a controlled prospective trial, 100 stage II–III CC patients were enrolled. According to patient preference, they were divided into two subgroups, control group and intervention group, 50 patients each, all of whom received the same standard postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, plus consumption of 60 cc WGJ daily in the intervention group. Blood samples were collected at baseline (T0) and upon treatment termination, 5–6 months later (T1). Cytokine concentrations were assessed using ELISA kits. Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 concentrations were significantly higher in the WGJ group than in the control group at T1. The decline in WBC counts between T0 and T1 was significantly lower in the WGJ group. No significant differences were observed in IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12 concentrations between the study groups. The higher levels of IL-10 and the attenuating of WBC decline during chemotherapy may constitute preliminary evidence of the beneficial effects of WGJ on immune parameters, when given as a supplement to standard care. In light of these preliminary results, WGJ supports immunological parameters during adjuvant chemotherapy. Nevertheless, future studies are needed in order to translate those results to clinical recommendations for cancer survivors.

Перспективный исходный материл для селекции житняка гребневидного в условиях Ставропольского края

Исследования проводились на экспериментальном поле ФГБНУ «Северо-Кавказский ФНАЦ» в 2017–2019 годах. Цель исследований — создать и выделить для селекции новый перспективный исходный материал житняка гребневидного для условий Северо-Кавказского региона. Житняк гребневидный — один из самых востребованных видов многолетних злаковых трав, обеспечивающих высокие хозяйственно ценные показатели травостоя при возделывании в южных регионах, в том числе в условиях засухи, на песчаных, засолённых и эродированных почвах. Селекция житняка гребневидного ведётся в направлении создания форм с высокой зимо-, морозостойкостью, устойчивостью к засухе, засолению почв, с повышенной и стабильной продуктивностью кормовой массы и семян. Изучено 44 коллекционных образца житняка гребневидного различного эколого-географического происхождения. Для использования в селекции выделены 23 генетических источника облиственности, энергии весеннего отрастания, устойчивости к засухе, болезням и вредителям, продуктивности кормовой массы и семян, качества растительного сырья. На основании исследований коллекционного фонда житняка гребневидного в условиях Ставропольского края для дальнейшего использования в качестве исходного материала для селекционной работы выделено пять образцов по интенсивности весеннего отрастания: дикорастущие из Казахстана, сорт Донецкий из Украины и два сортообразца ставропольской селекции; 12 высокоустойчивых образцов к гельминтоспориозу и ржавчине; 8 — с высокой облиственностью и выходом сухого вещества. По продуктивности кормовой массы в среднем за 2 года пользования травостоем перспективными для введения в селекционный процесс признаны дикорастущие из Украины и Казахстана, а также два сортообразца ставропольской селекции. Высокая семенная продуктивность выявлена у дикорастущего образца житняка гребневидного из Челябинской области. Особое внимание заслуживают коллекционные образцы с комплексом хозяйственно ценных признаков: дикорастущие из Челябинской области и Казахстана, ставропольский селекционный сортообразец № 4/2-18. The field trial took place at the Northern Caucasus Federal Agrarian Research Center in 2017–2019. It aimed at selection of new promising genotypes of crested wheat grass to be grown in the North Caucasus region. Crested wheat grass is one of the most valuable perennial gramineous showing high performance in the southern regions with sandy, saline, and eroded soils under dry conditions. Breeding programs for crested wheat grass focus on high-productive genotypes resistant to winter conditions, drought, and soil salinization. Twenty three genotypes of different origin were selected that showed high leaf coverage, productivity, and green mass quality as well as intensive growth in spring, resistance to drought and biotic stress. Wild genotypes from Kazakhstan, “Donetskiy” variety from Ukraine and 2 samples from the Stavropol region grew fast in spring. Twelve genotypes had high tolerance to yellow leaf blotch and rust, eight genotypes provided high yield of leaf mass and dry matter. Wild genotypes from Kazakhstan and Ukraine and two Stavropol varieties produced the highest yields of forage mass for 2 years. Wild crested wheat grass of the Chelyabinsk region had high seed productivity. The most potential parents were the specimen No. 4/2-18 of the Stavropol region and wild genotypes from the Chelyabinsk region and Kazakhstan.

Screening and Biochemical Characterization of Wheat Cultivars Resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae pv Triticum (MoT)

Global food security is seriously threatened due to increased frequency and occurrence of fungal diseases. One example is wheat blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is a fungal diseases of rice, wheat, and other grasses, that can destroy the whole food production to sustain millions of people. Wheat blast was first detected in february 2016 with a serious outbreak in Asia. Assessment of the available germplasms to stress tolerant/resistant is one of the best options for developing stress tolerant crop varieties. In this study, a total of sixteen wheat cultivars were collected and test their disease severity to blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae pv. Triticum (MoT). Among the varieties, BARI Gom 33 exhibited partially resistance against blast pathogen, whereas all other genotypes become susceptible to MoT. Different yield and yield contributing characters of both resistant and susceptible cultivars were also evaluated and found no significant differences among them. To understand the underlying mechanism of resistance in BARI Gom 33, antioxidant enzyme activity, concentration of reactive oxygen species and cellular damage after fungal infection were also evaluated and found that activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were higher in BARI Gom 33 than BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 31. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondealdehyde (MDA) content in BARI Gom 33 was low compare to BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 31, which may due to greater increase of the APX, CAT and POD in resistant genotypes. Thus, it may suggest that a more efficient antioxidative defense system in BARI Gom 33 during the infection process of M. oryzae restricts the cell damage caused by the fungus. The identified genotypes can either be used directly in the blast prone area or as a source of resistance to further development of blast resistance high yielding wheat variety.

Control of ragweed in apple orchards in southern Ukraine

Goal. The effectiveness of the herbicides Hurricane Forte 500 SL, RK and Bast 150 SL, RK in protecting the apple orchard from ragweed was evaluated.&#x0D; Methods. The studies were conducted in the field in plantations of apple trees. The soil of the experimental plot is the southern light loamy chernozem, with a humus content in the arable layer of 3.2%, pH — 7.1. The tree planting scheme was 1.5—4 m. The experiments, observations, and counting were carried out according to generally accepted methods.&#x0D; Results. According to the results of phytosanitary surveys of apple plantations in farms of Odessa region, 27 species of weeds were identified, which belong to 12 botanical families. Among the annual weeds, the following species dominated: ragweed, ragweed, common shrubbery, common bedroot, white gauze; from perennial species: sharp gusset, pink sow thistle, field bindweed, wheat grass creeping, spurge vine. The mass emergence of seedlings of ragweed was observed in the third decade of April — the first decade of May. The phase of development of ragweed plants at the time of processing was 2—4 true leaves. Herbicide Hurricane Forte 500 SL in the norm of 2.0 l/ ha a month after treatment controlled 98.0%, at the end of the growing season — 83.2% of the weed. The treatment of plots with Hurricane Forte 500 SL with a flow rate of 1.0 l/ha and the addition of Trend 90 surfactant to the working solution ensured weed control after a month — 96.8%, at the end of the growing season — 80.6%. With a single application of the Bast 150 SL herbicide at a consumption rate of 4.0 l/ha, the technical efficiency a month after treatment was 94.7%; at the end of the growing season, it decreased to 60.1% due to the regrowth of ragweed plants. Two-time use of the Basta 150 SL preparation at a consumption rate of 3.0 l/ha made it possible to control the weed during the entire growing season at the level of 86.4—87.4%.&#x0D; Conclusions. The use of a reduced consumption rate of the Hurricane Forte 500 SL, RK herbicide in a mixture with the surfactant Trend 90 provides control of the ragweed at the optimal rate. Herbicide Basta 150 SL, RK is more effective to apply twice.

Fly disturbance suppresses aphid population growth

1. The presence of predators is known to suppress prey populations not only by consumptive but also by non‐consumptive effects, as it stresses the prey inducing costly changes to behaviour and physiology. However, there is recent evidence that disturbance from non‐predacious, non‐competing commensals can also negatively affect herbivore performance.2. Populations of cherry‐oat aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) were initiated with adult aphids in mesocosms containing seedling wheat grass. Following aphid establishment, fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster Meigen) were added at a relatively high density to half of the mesocosms and the aphids were left for another 5 days to reproduce. The experiment was performed over two blocks at 24 ± 4 °C. It was hypothesized that a relatively high density of commensals would stress the aphids and reduce their fitness, causing lower population growth and resulting in lower population sizes.3. Aphid numbers were significantly lower in mesocosms with commensal flies after 5 days of fly presence across the two experimental blocks, documenting that fly disturbance suppresses aphid fitness and population growth.4. The negative effect of fruit flies on aphid population growth must have come from the disturbance that flies imposed on the aphids in their search for food, indicating that the flies stressed the aphids. Thus, our study indicates that commensals may stress herbivores that do not distinguish between enemies and other active species in their environment, adding in the overall herbivore top‐down control through fitness costs.

Nutritional value and impact of wheatgrass juice (Green Blood Therapy) on increasing fertility in male albino rats

Background and objectiveThe wheatgrass juice (WGJ) contains a high concentration of vitamin C. WGJ contains a lot of highly functional nutritive ingredients potent to unify the liver with the kidneys for detoxification of the organs and filtration of the blood to build a strong immune system. Also, it boosts fertility and increases sexual desire because of the high magnesium content in phytochemical pigment (chlorophyll) which boosts the production of the enzymes that restores sex steroids.Materials and methodsThe experimental animals were divided into 3 groups of 8 rats. The first group (G1) was fed on the standard normal diet. The same feeding was used also in the second group (G2) and third group (G3). But in the G2, a pharmaceutical formula (contain zinc and vitamin A) was used as a food supplement to increase fertility, and in the G3, wheatgrass juice of 11 mg/day was applied. Hunter L, a, and b values; glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents; pH; total soluble solids (TSS); acidity; concentration of vitamin C and vitamin B complex contents; and phenolic compounds of wheatgrass quality juice were measured.ResultsThe juice samples showed L* value of 21.78 (as a lightness index), a* value of − 7.11 (as a redness index), b* values of 17.35 (as a yellowness index), pH (6.7), TSS (5°Bx), and acidity (0.00992%). In the same time, wheatgrass chlorophyll represents 70% of its total chemical constituents that is an antioxidant and rebuilds the bloodstream. In addition, it gives the juice its distinctive green color which is the major quality factor in juice products. The results amounted to normal values of vital organs such as the liver and kidney functions in all groups. The values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were 27.88 ± 2.10, 22.50 ± 4.93, and 23.25 ± 4.71 μ/ml in G1, G2, and G3, respectively. Meanwhile, also the results of sexual hormones indicated an elevation in testosterone hormone in G3 (2.90 ± 0.26 ng/ml) than the normal negative control (2.78 ± 0.23 ng/ml) and pharmaceutical formula positive control (2.04 ± 0.40 ng/ml). However, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) decreased to 1.44 ± 0.28 IU/L and 1.45 ± 0.24 for G3 and G2, respectively, compared to 1.65 ± 0.23 IU/L in G1.ConclusionThe findings proved that WGJ increased fertility and promoted youthfulness, and the wheatgrass (WG) has the potential to be used as a “functional herb” containing natural bioactive compounds.

Protective effects of barley and wheat grasses on nephrotoxicity in rats and some biochemical parameters induced by tramadol

The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of barley and wheat grasses against tramadol induced nephrotoxicity, biochemical changes as well as oxidative stress in adult male albino rats. A total of thirty male albino rats (150-200g) were divided into two main groups, The first main group was fed on basal diet and administrated distilled water orally for 30 days and kept as normal (-ve) control. The second main group was fed on basal diet and administrated tramadol (30mg/kg/day) orally for 30 days to induce nephrotoxicity in male rats. After that, the rats in the second main group (25 rats ) were divided into five subgroups (each group consisted of 5 rats). Sub1; received tramadol and kept as tramadol group, Sub2; received tramadol + barley grass (250mg/kg/day), Sub3; received tramadol + barley grass (500mg/kg/day), Sub4; received tramadol + wheat grass (250mg/kg/day) and Sub5; received tramadol + wheat grass (500mg/kg/day) orally for 30 days. Biological evaluation including FI, BWG % and FER was carried. (Relative kidneys weight were calculated). Serum was taken out from blood and assessed for creatinine , urea, uric acid, total protein, albumin, globulin, malondialdehyde (MDA) , nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Kidneys were removed, weighed and also evaluated for malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in its tissues. In conclusion, the study showed that administration of barley and wheat grasses at high doses (500mg/kg/day) with tramadol improved the nephrotoxicity, the biochemical changes and antioxidant enzymes in both of serum and kidneys tissues might be due to the possible antioxidant content.

Therapeutic role of "Wheat grass" (&lt;em&gt;Triticum aestivum&lt;/em&gt; Linn.) in iron deficiency anaemia

Therapeutic role of "Wheat grass" (&lt;em&gt;Triticum aestivum&lt;/em&gt; Linn.) in iron deficiency anaemia

ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF WHEAT GRASS (TRITIUM AESTIVUM LINN) IN ALBINO RATS INDUCED WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Context: Oxidative stress is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in your body.. Whole grain like wheat (Tritium aestivum Linn.) may have cardioprotective effect by decreasing the oxidative stress.. Aims: This study was carried out to nd out the cardio-protective potential of Triticum aestivum Linn by observing its antioxidant effect on Isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats. Settings and Design: This was a longitudinal study done on thirty healthy albino rats Methods and Material: Thirty albino rats were grouped into ve groups of six rats in each, and housed in separate cages group-wise. All groups except control received Isoproterenol. In addition to Isoproterenol, two groups were given wheat grass at different dosage and one group received Carvediliol. malondialdehyde, SOD (superoxide dismutase), and reduce GSH were estimated. Statistical analysis used: ANOVA test and post hoc Dunnett test using SPSS version 16, unpaired t testResults: wheat grass treated rats showed signicant decrease in Malondialdehyde, and signicant increase in Superoxide dismutase and reduced GSH Conclusions: Triticum aestivum may prevented the ISO induced cardiotoxicity by its antioxidant action...

New record of Glomeris hexasticha Brandt, 1833 (Diplopoda: Glomerida: Glomeridae) from the Lilyaksko Plateau, North-Eastern Bulgaria

Abstract The present article reports on the first record of Glomeris hexasticha Brandt, 1833 in the area of Lilyaksko Plateau in North-eastern Bulgaria. The species has been found in three of the researched habitats in the region: LP1 – deciduous forest of common hornbeam (C. betulus); in LP2 – coniferous forest of black pine (P. nigra) and in the located nearby Meadow 1 (LP4), covered with wild wheat grass and single shrubs of common rosehip (R. canina). The research of the Myriapoda fauna of the Lilyak Plateau was conducted from May 2017 to April 2018 and G. hexasticha was established only in the period May – August 2017, and a total of 55 individuals (17 males, 17 female) were collected. The largest number of individuals (24) were registered in June 2017 (17 in LP1, 2 in LP2, and 5 in LP4).

Cultivation, proximate composition and preliminary phytochemical analysis of wheat grass (Triticum aestivum L.) powder

Cultivation, proximate composition and preliminary phytochemical analysis of wheat grass (Triticum aestivum L.) powder