Wetting Properties Research Articles

Investigation of surface morphology, wettability and tribological properties of Ni composite coating added with graphite

Abstract Composite Nickel (Ni) coatings, which contain submicron graphite particles (400 nm in size), were deposited on AISI 1045 steel using a direct current electrodeposition technique from a Watts bath. The effects of different graphite particle concentrations (0, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 g l−1) on the surface and tribological properties of the composite Ni coatings were investigated. The introduction of graphite particles into a Ni electrodeposit was found to result in grain refinement, and the broccoli-like cluster structure was formed on the coating surface. Hence, the hydrophobicity of the coating was greatly improved. When the concentration of graphite particles is 1 g l−1, the hardness of the composite coating reaches 1346 ± 12.83 HV and the smallest width values of the wear scars as compared to the pristine Ni coating, which had a hardness of 268 ± 3.40 HV. These results reveal that the fine-grain strengthening effect and formation of a graphite-rich protective layer on the contact surfaces effectively enhance the tribological performance of the coating.

The Utilization of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Filaments for the Three-Dimensional Printing of Water-Soluble Patterns for Investment Casting

In the domain of metal casting, investment casting is recognized for its proficiency in producing high-quality castings. This method involves the utilization of a melt out, burnout, or soluble patterns to create ceramic molds. The present investigation explored the potential of utilizing fused deposition modeling (FDM) patterns fabricated from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). An examination of the structural characteristics and properties of several commercially available PVA filaments, along with an evaluation of the as-printed samples, were provided in this study. It was demonstrated that commercial PVA filaments may contain additives that can lead to elevated ash content following pattern burnout and reduced strength in as-printed samples. Experiments on PVA dissolution in water revealed that, for high dissolution rates of the pattern, not only high temperature, but also water medium mixing was necessary. The colloidal silica binder, a common component in ceramic mold manufacturing, exhibited effective wetting properties of the patterns, while generally preventing significant dissolution, which can adversely impact pattern quality. The PVA filaments under investigation were utilized to fabricate patterns for the impeller cast parts. Subsequent to this, ceramic molds were obtained, and castings made of nickel superalloy were produced. The investigation revealed that the Bambu Lab filament, which is PVA without additives, exhibited the lowest defect rate in both the mold and the casting. In summary, this study demonstrates that the 3D printing of investment casting patterns holds considerable promise as a rapid casting technique.

How the Structure and Wettability Properties of Morpho peleides Butterfly Wings Can Be a Source of Inspiration

In this study, the wettability of Morpho peleides (M. peleides) wings is studied. Using a goniometer, the contact angles of ~136° were measured. Although few studies have provided a general overview of the static wettability properties of M. peleides and the particularly anisotropic morphology of their wings, a detailed analysis of wettability properties is proposed. The results indicate anisotropic wettability, with a sliding angle of 7° when the wings were tilted away from the insect’s body and 29° when the wings were tilted toward the insect’s body. The Extrand model, coupled with a hierarchical approach, was also employed to describe the wettability behavior of M. peleides wings and its relationship with the dual roughness scale of the wings. Owing to these models, it has been demonstrated that the micrometric scale of the wing structure is primarily responsible for the static wettability properties of the M. peleides, while the nanometric scale influences the dynamic wettability of the wing. Moreover, compared to the topography, the wing’s chemistry has very little effect on the wettability properties of the M. peleides.

Viable Use of Tire Pyrolysis Oil as an Additive to Conventional Motor Oil: A Tribological and Physical Study

Stockpiled end-of-life tires (ELTs) pose a serious environmental concern. In the current investigation, ELT pyrolysis oil (i.e., pyro-oil) was studied as a potential additive to conventional motor oil. The pyro-oil samples were mixed in different concentrations of 10 to 50 wt.% with commercial virgin motor oil to obtain a lubricant mixture. Chemical analyses were performed for the tire-recycled derivative material, as a potential route to utilize pyro-oils, valorize ELT waste, and reduce production costs of motor oil lubricants. Rheological examinations were performed to explore the impact of the pyro-oil on the rheological properties of the motor oil under several shearing rates and temperatures. Tribological analyses of the lubricant mixtures and the pure motor oil were accomplished to study the influence of the pyro-oil additive on the tribological behavior of motor oils. Lastly, thermal stability and wettability examinations were executed to assess the thermal and wetting properties of lubricant mixtures. The obtained results showed that adding a low concentration of the pyro-oil (≤10%) will sustain the motor oil’s chemical, wettability, thermal stability, rheological, and tribological properties, signifying a viable application of recycled ELTs and helping to reduce their environmental and economic impact. These findings offer a feasible route of use in the future to obtain low-cost oils with market specifications, utilizing pyro-oil as a sustainable and environmental oil additive.

Confinement and wettability-driven dispersed phase hydrodynamics in cross-flow jets at low velocity and density ratios

The evolution characteristics of a low-velocity dispersed phase into continuous shear flow have numerous applications across biomedical devices, chemical processes, water management in fuel cells, spray systems, film deposition, and atomizing devices. The flow characteristics arise from a complex interplay of wettability, hydrodynamics, and interfacial properties, which, when constrained by confined geometries such as those in fuel cells, present a fascinating multiphase-multiphysics problem. This study investigates the impact of the chemical signature of a confined geometry and the velocity ratio between the dispersed and continuous phases on the evolution of the dispersed phase. The footprint and shape of the generated droplet guide the pressure distribution, deformation, and subsequent cross-flow-induced stretching. By systematically analyzing the dynamic effects of capillarity, inertia, air-shear, gravity, viscosity, wettability, and confinement, we classify the fate of a liquid droplet within classical flow regimes: jetting, threading, and dripping. These distinct flow regimes are mapped using classical non-dimensional numbers, and a quasi-universal characteristic is obtained relative to velocity ratios. The findings of this research contribute to precise control and prediction of dispersed-phase hydrodynamics, which play a pivotal role in enhancing the efficiency of fuel cells, droplet generation devices, water harvesting systems, film deposition techniques, coatings, and point-of-care diagnostic devices. The work underscores the relevance of integrating experimental and computational insights for optimizing interface-driven processes in interdisciplinary applications.

Eco-friendly and strong lignin-containing microfibrillated cellulose films for high-performance separators of aqueous zinc batteries.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries have gained significant interest, offering several distinct advantages over conventional lithium-ion batteries owing to their compelling low cost, enhanced battery safety, and excellent environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, the unfortunate growth of zinc dendrites during cycling leads to poor electrochemical performance of zinc batteries, primarily attributed to the diminished wet mechanical properties and limited electrolyte uptake of existing commercial separators. Herein, a bio-based separator was developed from sustainable resources using natural polymers derived from wood pulp to replace fossil-based polyolefin separators. The inherent hydrophilicity and swelling ability of cellulose fibers provide separators with superior electrolyte wettability and uptake. Notably, the structural reinforcement provided by lignin, especially after hot pressing, enhances the separator's wet mechanical integrity and performance during battery cycling. These improvements contribute to the separator's more stable electrochemical performance and improved ion transport properties. Separators composed of lignin-rich microfibrillated cellulose fibers showed superior dimensional stability under heat compared to Celgard, ensuring higher thermal safety and enhanced performance of aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Our results reveal the great potential of lignin-rich cellulose-based separators for future zinc-ion batteries.

Exploring the Benefits and Challenges of Additive Manufacturing in Small-Scale Production

Additive manufacturing in construction is beginning to move from an architect‟s modelling tool to delivering full-scale architectural components and elements of buildings such as walls and facades. Building on the advances in AM in these industries, there are several experimental applications of AM in the construction sector. This paper discusses large-scale additive manufacturing processes that have been applied in the construction and architecture arena and focuses on „Concrete Printing‟, an automated extrusion based process. The wet properties of the material are critical to the success of manufacture and a number of new criteria have been developed to classify these process specific parameters. These criteria are introduced and key challenges that face construction scale additive manufacturing are presented.

Durable Bio-Based Hydrophobic Recrystallized Wax Coatings.

Bio-waxes derived from natural species are beneficial for preparing non-wetting surfaces. Herein, the wetting properties of recrystallized wax coatings extracted from three naturally occurring superhydrophobic species-, Lotus leaves, Bauhinia leaves, and Periwinkle flowers, are reported as a function of recrystallization time, temperature, pH of water, and impact pressure. Lotus wax coatings showcased nanorods similar to that of Lotus leaves, while Periwinkle and Bauhinia waxes could not replicate micro-/nanofeatures from their respective natural species. Lotus wax coatings exhibited water contact angles (WCAs) of ∼150°, roll-off angles (RAs) of ∼8°, and self-cleaning properties. On the contrary, both Periwinkle and Bauhinia waxes showed WCAs of only ∼110°. Nevertheless, all coatings demonstrated remarkable temporal stability over 180 days, retaining their hydrophobicity. They also exhibit excellent thermal stability up to 100 °C and chemical stability for pH variations from 2.6 to 11.5. Furthermore, they withstand the impact of 3000 water droplets without losing their hydrophobicity. All three wax coatings showed very low moisture absorption coefficients in the order Periwinkle (5.5 × 10-4 wt %/day) < Bauhinia (6.75 × 10-4 wt %/day) < Lotus (1.075 × 10-3 wt %/day), making them highly effective for moisture resistant applications such as food packaging, protective wood finishes, etc.

Bioinspired Chestnut Burr-like Polyaniline: Achieving Superhydrophobicity and Excellent Microwave Transparency through Controlled Polymerization.

Achieving dual functionalities of hydrophobicity and excellent microwave transmission in a single material remains a significant challenge, especially for advanced applications in aerospace, telecommunications, and navigation engineering. Inspired by natural designs like chestnut burrs, bioinspired polyaniline (PANI) particles with tunable micro-/nanostructures through a facile template-free polymerization process have been developed. By regulating the polarity of the reaction system, temperature, and reaction time, various hierarchical structures, including cross-linked nanosheets, chestnut burr-like spheres, and starburst flower-like structures, are synthesized. The spiny projections and surface roughness endow the unique chestnut burr-like structure, achieving superior hydrophobicity and excellent microwave transmission properties. The formation of hierarchical structures is driven by intermolecular interactions during the nucleation and growth processes. The presence of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains within PANI particles leads to the coexistence of large water contact angles up to 152° and high surface energy. The optimized PANI structure minimizes the charge carrier mobility, dipole relaxation, and dielectric loss. A superior microwave transmission efficiency of up to 96% is achieved with these combined factors. By disclosing the relationship between the structure, wettability, and dielectric properties, a design protocol for the bionic regulation of micro-/nanostructures is established to achieve both superhydrophobic and excellent microwave-transparent functions.

Temperature‐Mediated Controllable Adhesive Hydrogels with Remarkable Wet Adhesion Properties Based on Dynamic Interchain Interactions

AbstractWith the increasing demand in fields such as wearable sensors, soft robotics, tissue engineering, and wound dressings, the development of hydrogels with strong adhesion in wet environments has become a critical focus of research. However, most existing adhesive materials lack the ability to transition rapidly and reversibly between the adhesive and nonadhesive states, and their adhesion is often limited to a single wet environment. In this study, a smart interfacial adhesive hydrogel with tunable adhesion properties across diverse liquid environments is presented. By tailoring interchain interactions and leveraging electrostatically induced traction between hydrophilic and hydrophobic chain segments, the hydrogel achieves reversible adhesion modulation in response to temperature changes while maintaining strong wet adhesion. Notably, its adhesive strength at elevated temperatures (45 °C) is approximately three times greater than at lower temperatures (5 °C). The adhesive hydrogel exhibits an adhesive strength of 227 kPa in aqueous environments and 213 kPa in oil‐containing environments. This innovative design strategy enables the hydrogel to exhibit broad switchable, and dynamic wet adhesion capabilities, unlocking significant potential for a wide range of applications.

Optimizing oil-water separation using fractal surfaces.

Oil has become a prevalent global pollutant, stimulating the research to improve the techniques to separate oil from water. Materials with special wetting properties-primarily those that repel water while attracting oil-have been proposed as suitable candidates for this task. However, one limitation in developing efficient substrates is the limited available volume for oil absorption. In this study, we investigate the efficacy of disordered fractal materials in addressing this challenge, leveraging their unique wetting properties. Using a combination of a continuous model and Monte Carlo simulations, we characterize the hydrophobicity and oleophilicity of substrates created through ballistic deposition (BD). Our results demonstrate that these materials exhibit high contact angles for water, confirming their hydrophobic nature while allowing significant oil penetration, indicative of oleophilic behavior. The available free volume within the substrates varies from 60% to 90% of the total volume of the substrate depending on some parameters of the BD. By combining their water and oil wetting properties with a high availability of volume, the fractal substrates analyzed in this work achieve an efficiency in separating oil from water of nearly 98%, which is significantly higher compared to micro-pillared surfaces made from the same material but lacking a fractal design.

Physicochemical Properties and Bacterial Adhesion of Conventional and 3D Printed Complete Denture PMMA Materials: An In Vitro Study - Part I.

To evaluate and compare the surface morphology, wettability, roughness, and bacterial adhesion properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) materials fabricated by conventional methods and 3D printing for complete denture applications. Two PMMA materials were investigated: Conventionally processed (ProBase Hot) and 3D-printed (3DP) (V-Print Dentbase). Surface morphology (n = 3) was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Surface roughness (n = 10) was measured using an optical profilometer. Wettability was assessed through contact angle measurements (n = 6) at 10, 30, and 60 seconds. Bacterial adhesion (n = 9) and biofilm formation (n = 3) were evaluated using Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a model organism, with quantitative bacterial counts and SEM analysis of bacterial morphology. Data were statistically analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed nanoparticles on the surface of 3DP samples, while EDX detected silicon in these samples, absent in conventional PMMA. 3D-printed surfaces exhibited significantly lower roughness (1.05 ± 0.32 µm) compared to conventional surfaces (20.46 ± 6.71 µm) (p < 0.001). Contact angle measurements showed that 3DP surfaces were more hydrophilic (64-68°) than conventional surfaces (100°) (p < 0.05). Bacterial adhesion studies demonstrated more adherent bacteria on 3DP surfaces (92.5 ± 30.8) compared to the conventional surfaces (57.6 ± 12.5), but biofilm formation was observed only on conventional surfaces. 3D-printed PMMA exhibited distinct surface characteristics compared to conventionally processed PMMA, including the presence of silicon nanoparticles, lower surface roughness, and higher hydrophilicity. While 3DP surfaces showed higher initial bacterial adherence, in contrast, they appeared to inhibit biofilm formation, which highlights the complex nature of bacterial interactions with these materials. Further clinical studies are needed to validate the results of this investigation and generate clinical translational data. How to cite this article: Khoury P, Kharouf N, Etienne O, et al. Physicochemical Properties and Bacterial Adhesion of Conventional and 3D Printed Complete Denture PMMA Materials: An In Vitro Study - Part I. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(11):1001-1008.

Optimization strategies for high-performance aqueous zinc-sulfur batteries: challenges and future perspectives

Aqueous zinc-sulfur batteries (AZSBs) have emerged as promising candidates for high-energy density, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable energy storage systems. Despite their potential, several challenges hinder the realization of high-performance AZSBs, including sluggish reaction kinetics, disproportionation reactions of ZnS in water, low conductivity and volume expansion of the sulfur cathode, poor wetting properties, and dendrite growth issues of the zinc anode. This review comprehensively summarizes optimization strategies for overcoming these challenges. We discuss cathode modification approaches, such as sulfur/carbon composites, sulfide composites, and catalytic sulfur matrices, which address low conductivity and volume expansion while enhancing sulfur conversion reaction kinetics. Additionally, electrolyte engineering strategies, including the use of iodide-based additives and co-solvent modifications, are examined for their effectiveness in improving reaction kinetics and wetting properties. Despite these advancements, AZSBs still face issues with long-cycle stability. Therefore, this review proposes future perspectives for the development of AZSBs. We aim to provide valuable insights into sulfur-based cathode materials and advance the achievement of high-performance AZSBs.

Cold-Spray Deposition of Antibacterial Molybdenum Coatings on Poly(dimethylsiloxane).

Despite their widespread utilization in biomedical applications, these synthetic materials can be susceptible to microbial contamination, potentially compromising their functionality and increasing the risk of infection in patients. In this study, molybdenum (Mo), an essential metal in biological systems, was investigated as a Mo-based cold-sprayed coating on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) for its potential use as biocompatible and antimicrobial surfaces for biomedical applications. Various cold-spray parameters were employed in the fabrication of Mo-embedded PDMS surfaces to alter the surface structure of the substrate, Mo loading density, and embedding layer thickness. Specifically, relatively low nozzle scanning speeds were used to develop high-density Mo-embedded PDMS surfaces. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to investigate how cold-spray processing parameters affect the surface topography, wettability, and chemical properties. The ability of the Mo-embedded PDMS to inhibit the colonization of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial species was demonstrated by both live/dead staining and disk diffusion methods. Surfaces with higher Mo loading densities significantly reduced the level of bacterial attachment and enhanced the bactericidal activity upon contact. Also, the level of Mo ion release over a 14-day period was measured and correlated to the properties of the substrate surface. Furthermore, attachment, viability, and proliferation of osteoblast-like MG63 cells were assessed to investigate the effect of Mo ion release on the biocompatibility of fabricated coatings. A notable decrease in cell viability and delayed growth of MG63 cells became evident after 7 days of incubation with the highly Mo-loaded samples. While this study enhanced our understanding regarding the engineering of composite materials for combatting microbial infections, the findings also suggest that the release of Mo ions may detrimentally affect osteoblast survival, potentially compromising the long-term functionality of orthopedic implants produced using this technique.

Enhancement of Oryzanol application by constructing modified β-CD inclusion complex and polycaprolactone-chitosan electrospun fiber membranes: Perspectives on wound dressings and grape preservation.

Oryzanol has a variety of physiological activities and is widely used in food and medicine. However, its utilization form and bioavailability are limited by poor solubility and photothermal stability. In this paper, an inclusion complex (IC) was prepared by modifying β-cyclodextrin as a molecular carrier to encapsulate Oryzanol. Polycaprolactone-chitosan (PCL-CS) and IC were prepared into a fiber membrane (PCL-CS-IC) using an electrostatic spinning technique and applied to wound healing and grape preservation. The results showed that the prepared ICs had a drug loading rate of 43.18% with good antimicrobial, wettability, and air permeability properties. The PCL-CS-IC effectively reduced the inflammation of mouse wounds, with obvious re-epithelialization and inflammatory factors reduction in skin tissues. Meanwhile, the PCL-CS-IC delayed the decay process of grapes and extended shelf life. In conclusion, this study effectively improved the utilization of oryzanol and provided potential ideas for wound dressing preparation and food packaging materials development.

Wet adhesives for hard tissues.

The development of wet adhesives capable of bonding in aqueous environments, particularly for hard tissues such as bone, tooth, and cartilage, remains a significant challenge in material chemistry and biomedical research. Currently available hard tissue adhesives in clinical practice lack well-defined wet adhesion properties. Nature offers valuable inspiration through the adhesive mechanisms of marine organisms, advancing the design of bioinspired wet adhesives. Beyond biomimetic approaches, alternative strategies have emerged for the design of wet adhesives. This review systematically summarizes the current design strategies for wet adhesives, focusing on their applications to hard tissues. Then, the unique chemical, physical, mechanical, and biological requirements for wet adhesives applied to hard tissues are also discussed. The importance of understanding natural adhesion mechanisms and the need for high-performance materials that can meet the complex demands of hard tissue adhesion in a complex and delicate physiological microenvironment are highlighted. Finally, this review clarifies the future research directions that can further facilitate the clinical application of wet adhesives for hard tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The significance of this review lies in its comprehensive analysis of wet adhesives for hard tissues, a field that has been largely overlooked despite its critical importance in biomedical applications. The insights gained from studying natural adhesives and the translation of these mechanisms into synthetic materials have the potential to revolutionize medical procedures involving hard tissue repair and regeneration. This review meticulously addresses the distinct challenges and specific requirements of hard tissue adhesives, providing an exhaustive roadmap for researchers striving to develop wet adhesives that can endure the demanding physiological conditions inside the human body. In doing so, it aims to facilitate the transition from laboratory findings to practical clinical applications.

Animal-free coacervates: The combination of fungal chitosan-gum Arabic for the encapsulation of lipophilic compounds.

In this study, fungal chitosan (FC) and gum Arabic (GA) were combined to develop non-animal complex coacervates for encapsulation. Optimal coacervate formation occurred at pH5 with a 1:4 (FC:GA) weight ratio. Innovative complementary approaches, including rheology coupled with phase-contrast microscopy, revealed that FC-GA coacervates could withstand high shear rates, reverting to their original structure afterward, making them suitable for industrial applications. FTIR, DSC, and TGA analyses confirmed the electrostatic interactions and thermal stability, making them suitable for high-temperature procedures like spray-drying or extrusion. Higher GA concentrations increased coacervate hydrophilicity, while low-dielectric-constant liquids reduced particle size and disrupted coacervates. This study also explored interactions with solvents used in cosmetics, finding that isohexadecane, ethylhexyl stearate, and ethanol improved wetting properties by reducing electrostatic interactions, while polar solvents such as water and glycerol hindered them due to stronger interactions. The coacervates effectively encapsulated α-tocopherol, achieving an 82.6% of encapsulation efficiency at a 1:1 (w/w) wall material-to-active ratio. These findings highlight the potential of FC-GA coacervates as stable, easy-to-prepare encapsulation materials for high-shear and high-temperature conditions, offering promising applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical sectors.

Robust-adhesion and high-mechanical strength hydrogel for efficient wet tissue adhesion.

Bioadhesive hydrogels show great promise in wound closure due to their minimally invasive nature and ease of use. However, they typically exhibit poor wet adhesion and mechanical properties on wet tissues. Herein, a ready-to-use bioadhesive hydrogel (denoted as PAA-NHS/C-CS) with rapidly robust adhesion and high mechanical strength is developed via a simple one-pot UV crosslinking polymerization of acrylic acid (AA), catechol-functionalized chitosan (C-CS), and acrylic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (AA-NHS ester). Benefitting from the hydrogen bonds and electrostatic attractions formed between PAA-NHS and C-CS, the as-prepared hydrogel exhibits high tensile strength (∼630 kPa), fracture strain (∼1950%), and toughness (∼4250 kJ m-3) in the fully swollen state. Besides, the noncovalent interactions and covalent crosslinking formed between the dual adhesive moieties (the NHS ester and catechol groups) and the tissue surface endow the hydrogel with high shear strength (∼160 kPa), interfacial toughness (∼630 J m-2), and burst pressure (∼447 mmHg) on wet porcine skin. By integrating the high mechanical properties, rapid robust adhesion, and operational convenience, the as-prepared PAA-NHS/C-CS hydrogel shows great promise in wound closure.

Damage due to ice crystallization

The freezing of water is one of the major causes of mechanical damage in materials during wintertime; surprisingly this happens even in situations where water only partially saturates the material so that the ice has room to grow. Here we perform freezing experiments in cylindrical glass vials of various sizes and wettability properties, using a dye that exclusively colors the liquid phase; this allows precise observation of the freezing front. The visualization reveals that damage occurs in partially water-saturated media when a closed liquid inclusion forms within the ice due to the freezing of the air/water meniscus. When this water inclusion subsequently freezes, the volume expansion leads to very high pressures leading to the fracture of both the surrounding ice and the glass vial. The pressure can be understood quantitatively based on thermodynamics which correctly predicts that the crystallization pressure on the inclusion boundary is independent of the volume of the liquid pocket. Finally, our results also reveal that by changing the wetting properties of the confining walls, the formation of the liquid pockets that cause the mechanical damage can be avoided.

Preparation of a Self-Assembled Nanoantiviral Pesticide with Strong Adhesion Performance for Efficiency Control of Destructive Soybean Mosaic Virus.

In this context, we reported for the first time the design and development of a self-assembled nanoantiviral pesticide based on the star polycation (SPc) and the broad-spectrum fungicide/antiviral agent seboctylamine for field control of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a highly destructive plant virus in soybean crops. The SPc could self-assemble with seboctylamine through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, and the complexation with SPc reduced the particle size of seboctylamine to form a spherical seboctylamine/SPc complex. In addition, the contact angle of seboctylamine decreased, and its retention increased with the aid of SPc, indicating excellent wetting properties and strong leaf surface adhesion performance. The incorporation of SPc significantly inhibited viral accumulation in soybean plants and enhanced the field control efficacy of seboctylamine against SMV, resulting in improved agronomic traits. Overall, our study would contribute to facilitating a new strategy for the effective control of SMV in soybeans.