Western Forest-Steppe Research Articles

Effect of sowing dates on damage to corn by western corn beetle larvae in the Western Forest-Steppe

Effect of sowing dates on damage to corn by western corn beetle larvae in the Western Forest-Steppe

Influence of sowing dates and fertilisation on yield and quality of winter wheat grain

New wheat varieties exhibit a high adaptive potential for productivity. The question of improving cultivation technologies, specifically sowing dates, optimised fertilisation systems, and micronutrient application, remains relevant to fully realise the genetic potential of these varieties under specific soil and climatic conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of sowing dates, fertilisation, and foliar application of micronutrients on the yield and quality parameters of winter wheat grown in the Western Forest-Steppe zone. A field experiment was conducted on grey forest surface-gleyed soils during 2021-2023. The study evaluated the yield formation parameters and quality indicators of the winter wheat varieties Estafeta myronivska, Dovira odeska, and Akhim under sowing dates of 20 September, 5 October, and 20 October. It was determined that the yield and grain quality of the studied wheat varieties varied under the influence of sowing dates, fertilisation, and foliar micronutrient application. Sowing winter wheat on 5 October resulted in the highest yields over the years of the study: on average, 5.29 t/ha for the Estafeta myronivska, 4.78 t/ha for Dovira odeska, and 5.05 t/ha for Akhim. The highest productivity (5.83 t/ ha) was achieved by sowing Estafeta myronivska with N120P90K90 fertilisation and foliar application of the Aidamin complex. Across all wheat varieties, protein content, gluten content, and vitreousness increased from the earliest to the latest sowing dates. The findings of this study can be applied to enhance the productivity of winter wheat agroecosystems and produce high-quality grain under production conditions

Prerequisites for cultivating frost-resistant peach varieties in the Right-Bank part of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

The necessity of cultivating frost-resistant peach varieties in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine arises due to frequent sharp fluctuations in air temperature during the winter-spring period. Their cultivation can mitigate the impact of weather conditions, ensuring stable fruit production of this crop. The study aimed to analyse the prospects for growing peaches (Prunus persica Mill.) using intensive technologies under changing climate conditions. An analysis of the peach-growing situation revealed that it is a widely cultivated drupe in Ukraine and globally. The main countries leading in peach fruit production were identified: China, Italy, Turkey, Greece, and Spain. Despite a 24% increase in global peach production between 2013 and 2023, the demand for this crop has also risen, leading to a deficit and increased imports to Ukraine. Calculations of the scientifically justified annual consumption norms for peaches showed a shortfall of 187 thousand tonnes in production, with current production standing at 11.2 thousand tonnes. Several factors hindering the expansion of peach orchards were identified. The development of frost-resistant varieties by breeders, suitable for cultivation in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, alongside changing weather conditions, offers opportunities for the safe cultivation of peaches in the region. An analysis of the weather conditions in the Right-Bank part of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine was conducted. It was found that between 2013 and 2023, there was a significant increase in the total active temperatures, with 2023 recording a maximum of 3,777°C. At the same time, precipitation decreased by 58%, amounting to only 325 mm. Considering the changing weather conditions and the development of new frost-resistant varieties, which have expanded the peach cultivation zone to northern regions of Ukraine, it is essential to prepare and implement specific measures to adapt the horticultural industry to peach cultivation in these new regions to meet domestic market demands. It is recommended to initiate trials in irrigated horticulture and develop new methodological guidelines to provide scientific support for establishing perennial peach orchards in the Right-Bank part of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Bрожайність ранньостиглих сортів картоплі за впливу природно-кліматичних умов західного лісостепу

Agriculture remains a key branch of the economy, ensuring food security and the production of important types of raw materials, but due to the fact that predictive assessments demonstrate the negative impact of climate change on the yield of agricultural crops, there is a need to modernize existing models of agricultural production and improve methods of managing agricultural systems with taking into account climate change. The issues of optimization of obtaining high productivity of potatoes, in certain regions, should first of all be aimed at the rational use of natural and climatic conditions of the year, with the aim of timely revision of the cultivation technology, which would correspond to the most complete realization of the agro-climatic potential of the research area, namely the Western Forest-Steppe. Solving this task depends on the degree of study of the interaction and interdependence of the influence of natural and climatic conditions on the processes of formation of yield and quality of potatoes. The results of the analysis of weather and climate conditions in the Western Forest-Steppe during 2010-2023 and their impact on the yield of early-ripening potato varieties are presented. It was investigated that the meteorological conditions in some years fluctuated sharply in comparison both to previous years and to the average long-term data. This is especially true about the total amount of precipitation and its distribution during the potato growing season, because with regard to the dynamics of the temperature regime, as already noted, a significant increase has been observed. Despite this during the potato growing season the temperature and water conditions provided favorable conditions for obtaining a high yield of early-ripening potato varieties. The presented results of the analysis of weather and climate conditions in the Western Forest-Steppe during 2010-2023 indicate a positive effect on the yield of potato varieties of the early-ripening group. It was established that the weather and climatic conditions of the research area favor the cultivation of potato varieties of the early-ripening group, and the yield compared to the standard variety increased by 0.9-5.2 t/ha. The conducted analysis makes it possible to select the most productive potato varieties of the early-ripening group, which are the most optimal for cultivation in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine as well as further study and improvement regarding the formation of their productivity

Зернова продуктивність кукурудзи різних груп стиглості залежно від позaкореневих підживлень в умовах лісостепу західного

The article presents the results of research on the impact of various foliar fertilizers on the formation of grain productivity of maize in the Western Forest-Steppe. The research has established the best parameters for the use of fertilizers for foliar application in maize cultivation technologies. It was found that among the corn hybrids studied, the highest yield was recorded by RAGT Reakksion from FAO 320. According to the results of research in 2023, its grain productivity was 10.79 t/ha in terms of basic moisture content 14 %. A slightly lower yield was observed in the RAGT Zanetikks hybrid (FAO 340) – 10.73 t/ha. The dependence of harvesting grain moisture content on the ripeness group of the studied hybrid crop was proved. The highest moisture content was recorded in the hybrids RAGT Zanetikks (FAO 340) – 24.8 % and RAGT Reakksion (FAO 320) – 24.3 %. At the same time, it was the lowest in the hybrid RAGT Alikks (FAO 220) – 21.7 %. Among the options for foliar application of microfertilisers, the most effective was the use of YaraVita Gramitrel and Vuksal Grain. Depending on the maize hybrid, the grain yield in these experimental variants was 9.56-11.01 and 9.80-11.12 t/ha, respectively. The harvesting moisture content of the grown products was determined by the biological characteristics of the studied hybrid, while foliar fertilisation had almost no effect on this indicator

Розвиток ринхоспоріозу та його шкідливість на посівах ячменю озимого в умовах західного лісостепу

The article presents the results of research on the development of rhynchosporiosis on winter barley varieties: Zbruch, Valkiria, Snihova koroleva, Dostoinyi, Status, Darii on a natural background in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe. It has been established that the development of this disease depends on weather conditions, vegetation phases of the culture and variety. During 2021–2023, in the phase of emergence into the tube, the lesion was 0.5–5.0%, in the ear phase – 1.0–7.0%, in the milk ripeness phase – 13.5–35.0%. The lowest development of the disease was noted in the following varieties: Snihova koroleva (14.7%), Valkiria (14.7%), Status (14.2%). The species composition of rhynchosporiosis is presented by the causative agent Rhynchosporium graminicola Heinsen. Taking into account climate changes, the development of this disease on the studied varieties increased in 2023 compared to previous years. The appearance and development of rhynchosporiosis on winter barley is facilitated by the increased amount of precipitation in the third decade of May and the first decade of June (Hydrothermal moisture coefficient was 1.4 and higher). It should be noted that damage to winter barley by this disease affects the length of the ear, the number of grains in it, the weight of the grain in the ear and the weight of 1000 grains. The coefficient of harmfulness, depending on the level of development of the rhynchosporiosis, was in Zbruch 0.24–0.38%. The higher the development of the disease, the higher the coefficient of harmfulness was. Thus, with 50% development of rhynchosporiosis, the harmfulness coefficient was 0.3; and with 75%, respectively, 0.36; at 90% – 0.38. With 90% disease development, there was a decrease in the number of grains by 5.1 pcs. compared to healthy plants. The mass of grain in an ear decreased by 0.16 g, the mass of 1000 grains decreased by 3.4 g.

Efficiency of the application of biological systems of the protection of apple trees against powdy dew and scamb in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Goal. To study the effectiveness of different biological systems of apple tree protection against scab and powdery mildew in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
 Methods. Phytosanitary monitoring was carried out visually and with the help of pheromone traps. Accounting of the spread and development of diseases was carried out according to generally accepted methods in the phases of apple tree development: «bud swelling», «green cone», «bud extension», «bud separation», «pink bud», «flowering», «end of flowering», «fruit formation», «fruit growth» and «fruit ripening». The technical effectiveness of fungicides was determined after 7 days. Statistical processing of the research results was carried out according to generally accepted methods.
 Results. The results of monitoring the phytosanitary state of apple plantations established that the most common diseases in 2021—2022 in the conditions of the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine were scab, which affected 15—29% of leaves and 8—13% of apple fruits, powdery mildew, which affected 15—18% of leaves of apple trees, moniliosis, the prevalence of which was 9—13%, and fruit rot, which affected 13—14% of apple fruits. The research results showed that the use of the biological protection system No. 1 (Fluorescin BT, Bactophyt BT, BioHybervit BT, Trihopsin BT, Fluorescin BT) made it possible to reduce the development of powdery mildew by 59.0%, and to reduce the development of scab on leaves and by 59.1%, 62.2% — scab on apple fruits. The use of biological protection system No. 2 (Bactophyt BT + Trihopsin BT, BioHybervit BT, Fluorescin BT, Trihopsin BT, Fluorescin BT) made it possible to reduce the development of powdery mildew by 43.6%, by 47.7% to reduce the development of leaf scab and by 48.6% — scab on apple fruits. The use of biological protection system No. 3 (Ampelomycin BT + Bactophyt BT, Phytosporin + Fluorescin BT, BioGibervit BT, Biospectr BT, Trihopsin BT + Fluorescin BT) made it possible to reduce the development of powdery mildew by 53.8%, and to reduce the development of scab by 68.2% leaves and 67.6% — scab on apple fruits. Using the studied biological systems to protect apple trees from scab and powdery mildew in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine yield indicators of 13.2—13.8 t/ha were obtained. The use of the studied biological protection systems made it possible to obtain from 2946 to 8526 UAH/ha of conditional net income and profitability indicators from 72.7 to 229.4%.
 Conclusions. The results of the research established that all investigated systems of biological protection of apple trees against scab and powdery mildew in the conditions of the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine made it possible to protect apple plantations at a reliable level and obtain high yields. The technical efficiency of the applied protection systems against powdery mildew was 43.6—59.0%, against scab on apple leaves — 47.7—68.2%, and against scab on apple fruits — 48.6—67.6%. The yield for the application of the investigated biological systems of apple tree protection against scab and powdery mildew was 13.2—13.8 t/ha. Biological protection system No. 1 was the most effective in terms of profitability — 229.4%, and the highest indicator of conditional net income was obtained from the use of biological system No. 3 — UAH 8526/ha.

Growth of leaf area and yield of winter rape hybrids in the conditions of the northeastern part of the western Forest-Steppe

Growth of leaf area and yield of winter rape hybrids in the conditions of the northeastern part of the western Forest-Steppe

Evaluation of switchgrass varieties by the yield of biomass and seed quality depending on their maturity groups

Purpose. Assessment of foreign switchgrass varieties of foreign selection by biomass yield and seed quality depending on their maturity groups, and determination of the best varieties for the use in breeding. Methods. Laboratory, field, measuring and weighing, mathematical and statistical. Results. An important task of Ukrainian breeders is to develop varieties with high productivity, plasticity, resistance to stress and which would combine high biomass yield and seed quality, because without high-quality seeds, wide introduction of varieties into production is not possible. To develop such varieties, it is necessary to analyze the source material of various origins, including foreign breeding. It was found that in conditions of unstable moisture in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Yaltushkivska EBS), the yield of raw biomass and the yield of dry biomass depended on the maturity groups of the cultivars and was the highest in the mid-early, mid-late and late cultivars. When selecting varieties for the use in the breeding process of developing new varieties for biomass production, it is advisable to take into account not only the yield of biomass, but also the quality of their seeds. Taking into account the quality of seeds and the yield of dry biomass for the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine, the optimal varieties in which these two indicators are combined and are the highest are the early-ripening varieties 'Forestburg', the medium-early 'Sunburst', the medium-late varieties 'Morozko', the varieties 'Cave-in-rock' and "Alamo". Late and very late varies provide the same yield of dry biomass, but with an insufficient sun of effective temperatures, which is necessary for the formation of quality and ripening of seeds, their germination was very low. Conclusions. Taking into account the quality of seeds and the yield of dry biomass for the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the optimal varieties in which these two indicators are combined and the highest are early-ripening variety 'Forestburg', medium-early variety 'Sunburst', medium-late varieties 'Morozko', 'Cave-in-rock' and 'Alamo'.

Stoichiometry of arable black soil on the Ukrainian Western forest steppe

ABSTRACT Luvic Greyzemic Phaeozems have been farmed for centuries in Western Ukraine. We investigate their stocks of major nutrients and stoichiometry under arable crops receiving conventional NPK fertilisation and an unfertilised control. Total carbon stocks increase only with parallel increases in total N, P, Ca and Mg. Likewise, total N increases along with parallel increases in total Ca and Mg, P and Ca, P and C. Under winter barley, application of the background fertilisation (N23P60K60) + N97 (urea) before sowing, with or without nitrapyrin as a nitrogen stabiliser, improved the status of C, N, Ca and Mg to P in the 0–20 cm soil layer. The best ratio of total C, N, Ca and Mg to P and the best C:N, C:P, N:P, and Ca:N ratios were achieved with the background fertilisation plus nitrapyrin and urea or ammonium nitrate. The system cannot hold onto nutrients, nitrogen in particular, applied in excess of the harmonic stoichiometry.

Influence of planting density on the formation of productivity of early maturing maize hybrids in the Western Forest-Steppe

Influence of planting density on the formation of productivity of early maturing maize hybrids in the Western Forest-Steppe

PHYTOPATHOGENIC WALNUT COMPLEX IN WESTERN FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE

A study on the phytopathogenic complex of walnut in the western forest-steppe of Ukraine is presented. Route and sample surveys were carried out during 2020-2023 on the basis of UkrNDSKR IZR (Ukrainian Plant Quarantine Research Station of the Institute of Plant Protection, 7 ha) and village Zvenyachyn, SE "DG PDSS IS" (State Enterprise Experimental Farm of the Transnistrian Research Station of Horticulture of the Institute of Horticulture). During the study, 13 species of fungi were found, of which 6 species belong to the Ascomycota department: Ophiognomonia leptostyla (Fr.) Sogonov (Marssonina juglandis (Lieh.) Magn., Melanconium juglandinum Kunze, Cytospora juglandina Sacc., Nectria cinnabarina (Tode ex Fr. ) (Tubercularia vulgaris Tode), Septoria epicarpii Thüm., Phyllosticta juglandis Sacc. - 7 species: Microstroma juglandis Sacc., Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Bond. et Sing., Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq .ex Fr.) Ganoderma applanatum Pat., Chondrostereum Purpureum Pers.; 1 type of bacteriosis belonging to the department of Xanthomonas arboricola pv , shoots, branches, trunks, fruits. A laboratory study of plant material with various symptoms of damage showed the predominance of phytopathogenic fungi: Marssonina juglandis (Lieh.) Magn., Phyllosticta juglandis Sacc.; Microstroma juglandis Sacc. and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis Sacc. The most common and dangerous walnut diseases in the examined territories were: Marssonina juglandis (Lieh.) Magn. and Xanthomonas arboricola pv.. juglandis Key words: walnut, phytopathogenic complex, pathogens, distribution

Specific manifestation of enzymomycotic depletion of grain on crop losses

Background. Enzymomycotic depletion of grain leads to a significant decrease in the dry matter mass of the grain, as the intensity of respiration increases, protein substances break down, enzymes (in particular, α-amylase) pass from the adsorbed form to the water-soluble one, and their activity increases sharply. One of the consequences of this is the intensive amylolysis of starch, which means a significant deterioration in the technological indicators of the quality of grain and seeds. Materials and Methods. This study gives a thorough description of the process of enzymomycotic depletion of grain of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), sowing rye (Secale cereale L.), winter triticale (Triticosecale Witt.) depending on abiotic factors and the sources of resistance to ear diseases 4, 8, 12 days after the onset of full ripeness in the conditions of the western forest-steppe of Ukraine (2019–2021). Research methods – general scientific, field, measurement and weight, mathematical and statistical. Results and Discussion. According to the obtained results, the dependence of enzymomycotic depletion of grain on abiotic factors was established. The development of ear diseases depended both on weather factors and on the ecological plasticity of the cultivar. The highest percentage of the distribution of ear sepsoria was observed on the 12th day after the onset of full ripeness: wheat – 3.3 %, rye – 2.4 %, triticale – 1.9 %, fusarium, respectively 2.4 %, 1.9 %, 1 %, 8 %. The loss of dry matter in the weight of 1000 grains depended on the ecotype of the cultivar and the duration of the grain stan­ding time 4, 8, and 12 days after full ripeness. Conclusion. The following cultivars were most resistant to EMDG: Oberih Myronivsky (wheat), Kobza (rye), Obrij Myronivsky (triticale); their base seed production profitability rates being 75.1 %, 116.6 %, and 146.8 %, respectively. The results of the study can be used in the selection of varieties of winter grain crops resistant to enzymomycotic grain depletion for the western forest-steppe and Polissya zones of Ukraine, where breeding work on these crops is not carried out and agricultural producers purchase seeds of new varieties from the originating institutions of the central forest-steppe to introduce them into production.

Вплив абіотичних факторів на розвиток борошнистої роси на сортах ячменю озимого в умовах західного лісостепу України

Вплив абіотичних факторів на розвиток борошнистої роси на сортах ячменю озимого в умовах західного лісостепу України

Influence of by-products under different methods of soil cultivation on the yield of winter rape in the Western Forest-Steppe

The absence of a clear position on the application of a particular method of basic tillage and the use of post-harvest residues in crop rotation draws attention to the minimisation of tillage. Therefore, the need to substantiate and develop efficient energy-saving tillage technologies and the use of by-products in crop rotation is quite important and remains relevant. The aim of the research is to study the impact of by-products and soil cultivation, which will create optimal conditions for the development of winter rape in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research was carried out during 3 rotations of 4 crop rotation in a stationary field experiment of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissya of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences in 2009-2020. Against the background of soil cultivation, including ploughing, disc cultivation to a depth of 10-12 and 6-8 cm, two methods of using crop residues of crop rotation were studied - diversion and use as fertiliser with the addition of compensatory nitrogen in the amount of N10 per 1 tonne. The results showed that when growing winter rape with the removal of the predecessor straw from the field during ploughing to a depth of 20-22 cm and disc cultivation to a depth of 10-12 and 6-8 cm, the soil density at a depth of 0-10 cm was 1.22-1.28, 1.23-1.28 and 1.23-1.35 g/cm³, respectively, and at a depth of 10-20 cm – 1.26-1.30, 1.30-1.35 and 1.32-1.36 g/cm³. The use of straw as an organic fertiliser led to a decrease in the bulk mass of all the studied soil layers under any method of treatment, but at the same time contributed to an increase in the number of weeds, which increased with a decrease in the depth of treatment. On average, over the three years of crop rotation, the seed yields for ploughing by 20-22 cm, disking by 10-12 cm and disking by 6-8 cm against the background of straw alienation were 2.91, 2.83 and 2.59 t/ha, respectively, and for incorporating it into the soil – 3.04, 2.88 and 2.72 t/ha. As noted in the studies, tillage and fertilisation using non-commodity crop residues increase the soil protection effect, significantly reduce the negative impact of weeds in crops, improve soil fertility and increase the productivity of crops in the rotation

Agricultural landscape zoning of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine to develop organic gardening

The relevance of this study lies in the applied use of general scientific methods of landscape ecology in organic horticulture of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The purpose of the study was to develop a system of targeted agricultural landscape assessment of the territory to determine the prospects for the development of organic horticulture on the example of the right-bank part of the Western Forest-Steppe. To fulfil this purpose, the methodology of targeted agricultural landscape zoning of agricultural land was used. For this, maps and diagrams of the distribution of the main structural components and factors of the agrosphere, namely, landscapes and morphological structures of the relief, soil and vegetation cover, water chemistry, rocks, functional use of land and traditional areas of agricultural production, were used. The cartographic method and expert assessments of land suitability for organic horticulture were based on the study of 8 natural and anthropogenic factors that form the corresponding taxonomic classification of agricultural landscapes of the Forest-Steppe from 30 taxa. The spatial differentiation of the factors is determined by the relevant quantitative and qualitative parameters of orchard lands. The expert assessment of agricultural landscapes for organic horticulture is based on the percentage level of alteration of the natural structure of the land. A full-scale model of the target map of agricultural landscapes was developed to assess the prospects for the development of organic horticulture on the example of the central part of the Right Bank of the Western Forest-Steppe. The study area of 5,400 square kilometres was located at the intersection of three administrative regions, namely Zhytomyr, Kyiv, and Vinnytsia. The study identified 21 agricultural landscapes, the territories of which are homogeneous in 8 parameters. Their comprehensive regional perspectives for organic horticulture are rated from 11 to 21. It was proposed to define 5 categories of agricultural landscapes according to their suitability for organic horticulture: the highest (21 points), high (19-20 points), medium (17-18 points), low (15-16 points) levels of suitability and unsuitable (11-12 points). Half of the study area is covered by agricultural landscapes of high suitability for organic horticulture, 15% each of medium and unsuitable, and 10% each of high and low suitability. The targeted classification of land for organic horticulture on an agricultural landscape basis is the scientific and methodological basis for the widespread development of a new, environmentally sound type of agricultural activity in Ukraine

Blechnum spicant (Blechnaceae) in the Ukrainian flora

The article contains data about the historical and current distribution patterns of Blechnum spicant (Blechnaceae) in Ukraine. This species is quite common in the Carpathian Mountains but is very rare in other regions of Ukraine. Until recently, there were only two known localities of B. spicant in the Western Forest-Steppe (within the Podolian Upland) and only one in Crimea. We discovered one new locality of B. spicant in the Polissian (Polesian) Lowland, in Volyn Region. The article provides phytosociological and topographic data on the Polissian population. This population consists of two sub-populations, which are located not far from each other. Both of them were found in an immature birch-pine forest aged approximately 20 years, in an area of former agricultural lands. We summarise the data on the general distribution of B. spicant in Ukraine. The article also provides phytosociological, biotopic and populational information on localities of B. spicant.

Biological method of apple tree protection against green (Aphis pomi Deg.) and grey (Dysaphis devecta) apple aphids in the conditions of Western ForestSteppe of Ukraine

It was established that the investigated systems of biological protection of apple tree in the conditions of Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine showed high efficiency against green and grey apple aphids. The highest efficiency was obtained when using protection system No. 3 (Biospectr BT; Metarizin BT + Boverin BT; Bitoxybacillin BT + Biospectr BT): the efficiency against green apple aphid was 76.4–85.3%, and against gray apple aphid — 65.2–79.0%. The biological system of apple tree protection No. 1 (Aktophyt BT; Biospectr BT; Bitoxybacillin BT) showed effectiveness against green apple aphid 61.2–69.1%, and against gray apple aphid — 58.7–63.4%. When using the biological protection system No. 2 (Bitoxybacillin BT; Actofit BT + Bitoxybacillin BT; Boverin BT), the effectiveness against green apple aphid was 61.5–74.3%, and against gray apple aphid — 52.5–73.3%. The yield of apple fruits when using the biological protection system No. 1 was 13.6 t/ha, including 6.1 t/ha of the 1st grade, 5.9 t/ha of the 2nd grade and 1.9 t/ha of non-standard fruits. The yield when using the biological protection system No. 2 was 13.9 t/ha, of which 6.8 t/ha of the 1st grade, 5.3 t/ha of the 2nd grade and 1.8 t/ha of non-standard fruits. The yield when applying the biological protection system No. 3 was at the level of 14.0 t/ha, including 7.1 t/ha of the 1st grade, 5.4 t/ha of the 2nd grade and 1.5 t/ha of non-standard fruits. When using biological system No. 1 profitability was 389.8% and the income from its use was UAH 8,754.0/ha. From the application of system No. 2, they received a notional net income in the amount of UAH 10,686.0/ha and a profitability of 322.5%. By using system No. 3, conditional net income was obtained in the amount of UAH 11,692.0/ha, and the profitability of protective measures when using it was 353.4%.

Prospects for the use of Walnut and Poplar in agroforestry of Polissya and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Climate changes actualise the need for the transition of Ukraine’s agricultural business to agroforestry systems not only in the steppe but also in the northern regions of the country. The purpose of the study is to examine the features of creating protective stands of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) and Poplars (Populus × euramericana) in Polissya and in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Experimental plantings of Walnut were created by one-year-old seedlings on sod-podzolic sandy loam soils of Zhytomyr Polissya and on carbonate soils of the Western Forest-Steppe, and the analysis of the survival rate of Poplar plantings was conducted on chernozems of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. It was established that on sod-podzolic soils, five-year-old plants of Walnut had an average height of 91.8 cm. At the age of 4, some of them bore fruit. The fruit-bearing trees had higher indicators of average height of 13.4% and a diameter of 71.5% compared to the rest. On carbonate soils, the trees showed substantially better growth in height, which is explained by the calciphile nature of the nut. It is determined that an effective way to increase the survival rate of one-year-old seedlings of Poplar varieties Dorskamp, Robusta and I-45/51 is to plant them without trunks. In all the examined varieties, during the first two years, the highest survival rate of seedlings was in the variant without a trunk – from 57.0 to 68.9%, while in seedlings with a trunk – from 50.3% to 68.1%. In 2022, due to irrigation, the survival rate ranged from 74.4% to 88.9%. The average height was mostly also higher in plants that grew from seedlings without a trunk. It was the largest in plants of the Dorskamp clone – 188.6 to 209.3 cm. In uncut plants of this variety, it ranged from 174.0 to 197.2 cm. The practical importance of the study lies in the possibility of developing new forms of Walnut and Poplar and improving technologies for creating forest lands with their involvement, which can be used in Polissya and Forest-Steppe conditions

The potato terms of planting on alternaria blight development and tubers yield

Goal. To study potato terms of planting on yield by different by ripening varieties during the growing in terms of Western Forest steppe of Ukraine.
 Methods. The researches conducted during 2021—2022 in breeding-seeding rotation on the base Ukrainian Research Plant Quarantine Station of Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS. The experiments conducted on 4 potato varieties of different groups of ripening (Tiras-early, Myroslava — mid-ripe, Fotinia-mid-ripe, and Chervona Ruta — mid-late). The spraying against Colorado beetle conducted by insecticide Ampligo 150ZC, FC. The seeds treating according to the generally approved technique for Western Forest steppe of Ukraine.
 Results. The researches results proposed about potato terms of planting on disease development during the growing period and its’yield. The potato alternaria blight development observation showed that air temperature, variety resistance define the disease development. The hot weather and humidity deficiency observed during the studies years. It favored the disease development. The early-ripe variety Tiras’dlisease development consisted of 46.5—50.2% and the yield consisted of 4.40—4.45 t/ha. The level of alternaria blight in mid-ripe variety Fotini reached 39.1—42.5%, the yield meaning — 4.47—4.51 t/ha. The disease development for late-ripe variety Chervona Ruta was 33.5—34.9%, the tubers economic yield consisted 4.26—4.30 t/ha.
 Conclusions. The researches results showed that the following planting term for varieties allowed to decrease level of alternaria blight development and allowed to increase the crop yield.