Bрожайність ранньостиглих сортів картоплі за впливу природно-кліматичних умов західного лісостепу

Abstract

Agriculture remains a key branch of the economy, ensuring food security and the production of important types of raw materials, but due to the fact that predictive assessments demonstrate the negative impact of climate change on the yield of agricultural crops, there is a need to modernize existing models of agricultural production and improve methods of managing agricultural systems with taking into account climate change. The issues of optimization of obtaining high productivity of potatoes, in certain regions, should first of all be aimed at the rational use of natural and climatic conditions of the year, with the aim of timely revision of the cultivation technology, which would correspond to the most complete realization of the agro-climatic potential of the research area, namely the Western Forest-Steppe. Solving this task depends on the degree of study of the interaction and interdependence of the influence of natural and climatic conditions on the processes of formation of yield and quality of potatoes. The results of the analysis of weather and climate conditions in the Western Forest-Steppe during 2010-2023 and their impact on the yield of early-ripening potato varieties are presented. It was investigated that the meteorological conditions in some years fluctuated sharply in comparison both to previous years and to the average long-term data. This is especially true about the total amount of precipitation and its distribution during the potato growing season, because with regard to the dynamics of the temperature regime, as already noted, a significant increase has been observed. Despite this during the potato growing season the temperature and water conditions provided favorable conditions for obtaining a high yield of early-ripening potato varieties. The presented results of the analysis of weather and climate conditions in the Western Forest-Steppe during 2010-2023 indicate a positive effect on the yield of potato varieties of the early-ripening group. It was established that the weather and climatic conditions of the research area favor the cultivation of potato varieties of the early-ripening group, and the yield compared to the standard variety increased by 0.9-5.2 t/ha. The conducted analysis makes it possible to select the most productive potato varieties of the early-ripening group, which are the most optimal for cultivation in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine as well as further study and improvement regarding the formation of their productivity