АДАПТИВНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ РІЗНИХ СОРТІВ КАРТОПЛІ В УМОВАХ ЛІСОСТЕПУ ЗАХІДНОГО

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of modern potato varieties of different ripeness on productivity indicators in the Western Forest-Steppe. Methods. Analysis, synthesis, generalization, field experiment. Results. The results of research showed that varietal characteristics influenced the elements of productivity of potato tubers, with the best productivity of potato varieties were Knyagynya, Myroslava and Solokha. It should also be noted that the productivity of varieties of different ripeness of potatoes depended on the weather and climatic conditions of the year. Conclusions. On average, over the years of research of 5 varieties, the average productivity of the bush was – 707 g. The highest productivity was shown by the variety Knyagynya – 924 g. It should be noted that the varieties Myroslava and Solokha also formed a high productivity from the bush: Myroslava – 762 g., Solokha – 702 g., respectively. Less productive varieties were Shchedryk – 597 g and Levada – 547 g. Analysis of weather and climatic conditions of 2019-2020 showed that the most favorable were the climatic conditions of 2019, the value of the trait this year averaged 794 g, less favorable conditions for the development of the analyzed indicator developed in 2020 – 620 g. The correlation coefficient between productivity and number of tubers from the bush was r = 0.8. It was also found that the differences in the average number of tubers from one bush between varieties was insignificant. The study of experimental varieties showed that the largest number of tubers from one bush in two years, formed in the variety Knyagynya – 10.4 pcs., variety Solokha – 8.4 pcs., and variety Levada – 8.0 pcs. On average, for two years of research, the average weight of tubers was at the level of – 86 g. Thus, the largest average weight of tubers was formed by Myroslava variety – 102 g, and Knyagynya variety – 91 g. In 2019, the weight of tubers varied from 69 g. in the variety Levada to 113 g. in the variety Myroslava; and in 2020 from 70 g. to 90 g., respectively. Thus, the most favorable for the formation of large tubers were the weather conditions in 2019, the average weight of tubers in this period was 95 g, in 2020 – 77 g. Thus, in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on leached low-humus medium loam black soil the most productive varieties of potatoes are varieties Knyagynya, Myroslava and Solokha.