West Siberian Research Articles

Improving the efficiency of processing the results of reservoir filtration studies and parameters when modeling complex oil reserves

The issues of improving the efficiency of processing the results of studies of the filtration properties of reservoirs within the oil and gas producing areas of the central part of the West Siberian oil and gas province are considered. The high degree of development of the hydrocarbon resources of the studied territory is characterized by the presence of long-term developed deposits, which determines the solution of tasks aimed at increasing the success of the search for complex deep-lying reservoirs, the efficiency of their exploration and additional exploration, since the overlying productive horizons are practically developed. This task is one of the most important at the current stage of field development in this region, in the context of falling oil production at the main large fields, and has no unambiguous solution.This article covers the issues of reservoir modeling using new scientific and methodological approaches to the processing of geophysical data and the possibility of using modern software products when grouping development objects according to criteria corresponding to a reservoir of a certain lithotype. This approach allowed us to build high-quality geological models and justify the use of the most effective complex of geophysical studies for modeling low-amplitude (no more than 15 m) and small-sized (less than 20 km2) oil deposits. In the course of research: The results of the reservoir filtration properties were processed; low-amplitude and small-size sediments of channel sediments (river valleys) were established; the industrial oil and gas content of complex sediments characterized by low-amplitude and small-size sediments (Tyumen formation, object Ю2) was proved; The interpretation of geophysical studies of wells was carried out, the results were compared with the energy characteristics of the reflected waves (seismic studies), zones saturated with water-oil-gas fluid were established (3D models were built), and the possibility of using this technique for identifying and mapping complex deep oil deposits was shown.

Assessment of oil-and-gas-bearing capacity of pre-jurassic and jurassic deposits of the central part of the West Siberian plate

There were examined the issues of studying the features of the lithological and petrographic composition and the formation of oil deposits within the fields of the Surgut dome fold and the Frolov megadepression. It was noted that the formation of deposits of the sedimentary cover is associated with the peculiarities of the geological structure and the oil-bearing capacity of the basement rocks. In the considered territory, a high level of oil-bearing sedimentary cover is observed within the central part of the Surgut dome fold, and the deposits of the Pre-Jurassic part of the section can be additional sources of intensification of hydrocarbons in the Lower-Middle Jurassic deposits. The presence of zones of deep snaps is a search criterion for the detection of secondary reservoirs in them both — in destruction zones, basement, and in the Lower-Middle Jurassic deposits, therefore, deposits can be formed due to the vertically ascending migration of deep fluids through faults that cross the basement and horizons of the sedimentary cover.There were examined the issues of the prospects for the oil and gas content of the Lower-Middle Jurassic deposits, which must be associated with both granitoid massifs and the details of identifying the conditions of sedimentation and the establishment of contact zones of the sedimentary cover with the underlying formations.

Characteristics and physical mechanisms of a rainstorm in Hotan, Xinjiang, China

Owing to global warming, extreme precipitation events in the arid regions of Central Asia have increased, resulting in significant consequences for water resources and ecosystems. Hence, to address the features and corresponding physical mechanisms of these rainstorms, we examined the rainstorm that occurred in Hotan, Xinjiang in June 2021 as a case study. We employed multiple datasets, including meteorological stations, sounding observations, satellite precipitation data, and reanalysis datasets. The results indicate that the Global Precipitation Measurement satellite precipitation product accurately captured the temporal and spatial variations in this rainstorm, as verified against hourly in situ observation data. Some meteorological stations recorded values greater than twice their historical records, such as Luopu, Pishan, Moyu, and Hotan. Moreover, the duration of the precipitation was longer than 2 days. For the physical mechanisms of this rainstorm, the water vapor in this rainstorm is sourced from the 45°–65°N region of the North Atlantic Ocean crosses the Ural Mountains and the West Siberian Plain to southern Xinjiang. The low-pressure levels (e.g., 700 hPa and 850 hPa) have the more water vapor flux and specific humidity than the high-pressure levels. Our findings can aid the understanding of extreme precipitation events in Central Asia and provide a reference for dealing with meteorological disasters, including extreme precipitation, in the context of global climate change.

Regional Spatiotemporal Patterns of Fire in the Eurasian Subarctic Based on Satellite Imagery

The fire risks in the vast Eurasian Subarctic are increasing, raising concerns for both local and global climate systems. Although some studies have addressed this problem, their conclusions only draw from relatively lower resolution data, and the sub-regional analysis of fire patterns in this area is lacking. In this paper, using a huge amount of multi-temporal and multi-resolution remotely sensed data, derived products, and weather data between the period 2001 and 2021, we reveal several novel and recent findings concerning regional and overall fire patterns in the Eurasian Subarctic. First, we discovered that fire occurrence over the period 2001 and 2021 varied by sub-region within the Eurasian Subarctic, with perennial low fire incidence in the East European and West Siberian Plain, increasing fire incidence in the Central Siberian Plateau, and marked periodicity of fire in the East Siberian Highlands. Second, we reveal the larger scale of individual fires in the Eurasian Subarctic compared to the adjacent region to the south, with fires of longer duration (13 vs. 8 days), larger daily expansion area (7.5 vs. 3.0 km2/d), and faster propagation (442 vs. 280 m/d). Third, the northern limit of fire has extended poleward approximately 1.5° during the study period. Fourth, the start dates of fire seasons in Eurasian Subarctic, dominated by the Central Siberian Plateau, has advanced at a rate of 1.4 days per year. We also analyzed the factors resulting in the regional patterns of fire incidence including weather, human activity, land cover, and landscape structure. Our findings not only increase the knowledge of regional fire patterns and trends in Eurasian Subarctic but also will benefit the design of special fire management policies.

A way of 100 years

Novosibirsk College of Transport Technologies named after N.A. Lunin celebrates a centenary. All implemented professional educational programs have successfully passed professional and public accreditation, and the college has passed the procedure for independent assessment of the quality of the conditions for the implementation of educational activities. Every year the college graduates over 300 specialists, of which at least 90 % are employed at the enterprises of the West Siberian Railway.For high performance in the training of young specialists, the college was awarded diplomas and letters of thanks from the administration of the Novosibirsk Region, the management of Russian Railways and the West Siberian Railway. Repeatedly, the educational institution became the winner of the Interregional competition “Enterprise of the Year of Siberia” and the city competition “Novosibirsk Mark”, the college was listed on the Board of Honor of Novosibirsk.Currently, 1,235 students study at the college full-time, including 350 in the Baraba branch. Every year more than 1,000 people improve their qualifi cations, undergo training and retraining at the vocational training department. Consistently high indicators of the quality of education have been achieved: the state task for the admission of students, the safety of the contingent, and employment is carried out annually.

Paleophytogeography of the Siberian Paleofloristic Region in the Early Jurassic and First Half of the Middle Jurassic

The results of a comparative analysis of taphofloras of the Early Jurassic and first half of the Middle Jurassic of the Siberian paleofloristic region are considered. For this time interval, a significant similarity in the systematic composition of the taphofloras of Western Siberia and Northern China is revealed. Based on the author's data and the published data, the position of the boundary in the south and southwest of the Siberian paleofloristic region and the boundary between its West Siberian and North China provinces are corrected. The refined systematic composition of paleofloras, the constant presence of numerous remains of leaves of deciduous gymnosperms in the sediments, and the sedimentological features of flora-bearing strata taken together convincingly confirm the fact that the climate throughout the entire Siberian region in the Early Jurassic and first half of the Middle Jurassic was humid with seasonal fluctuations in temperature and humidity. The paleogeographic features of the northeast of the Siberian paleofloristic region are briefly considered.

Nitrogen Fertilizer Efficiency Improvement through Increased Plant Residue Input into Soils in the West Siberian Forest Steppe

Nitrogen Fertilizer Efficiency Improvement through Increased Plant Residue Input into Soils in the West Siberian Forest Steppe

Permian-Triassic flood basalts in the pre-Jurassic basement of the Arctic zone of the West Siberian platform

Research subject. Permian-Triassic flood basalts in the basement of the Arctic zone of the West Siberian Platform locate mainly in graben-rift structures. Flood basalts in this region remain to be understudied in comparison with other areas of its distribution, mainly due to the significant depth of their occurrence (4–6 km).Materials and methods. 36 core samples from 11 superdeep and deep boreholes were studied. Isotopic ratios were measured on mass spectrometers NEPTUNE PLUS (Nd, Sm) and TRITON PLUS (Rb, Sr). Bitumen were studied using a Raman spectrometer LabRAM HR800 Evolution. The Raman spectra were deconvoluted (“Peak fitting” procedure), and the bitumen conversion temperature was estimated.Results. About half of the samples of volcanic rocks underwent metamorphism of the prehnite-pumpellite and locally greenschist facies or intense low-temperature hydrothermal alteration. The studied basalts are close to typical flood basalts and are somewhat similar to island-arc volcanic rocks in terms of their geochemical characteristics. For the first time, thin inclusions of bitumen were found in the amygdalae of Permian-Triassic basalts in the superdeep borehole Tyumenskaya SG-6 at a depth of 7310.6 m. A high similarity of the studied volcanics by geochemical characteristics and the isotopic composition of Sr and Nd with the flood basalts of the Siberian platform is shown.Conclusions. The presence of a negative Ta, Nb, Ti anomaly, as well as a negative Ce anomaly, in some of the analyzed samples indicates a possible contamination of the basalts by island arc volcanics and volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks. The temperature of transformation of bitumen in inclusions in basalts from the well Tyumenskaya SG-6 according to Raman spectroscopy is estimated at 150–300°C and generally corresponds to the temperature of metamorphism of the host basalts. The presence of bitumen in the amygdalae may indicate the migration of hydrocarbons through the basalts.

<sup>40</sup>Ar-<sup>39</sup>Ar dating of pegmatites from Murzinka-Adui region (Middle Urals): Results and their geological interpretation

Research subject. The pegmatites of Murzinka-Adui region (Ethtern sector of the Middle Urals), represented by three types of veins miarolitic pegmatites with topaz and beryl (mines Mokrusha, Kazennitsa, Semenovskaia), miarolitic rubillite-lepidolite pegmatites (Lipovka veins field) and rare metal pegmatites with Ta-Nb-Be mineralization (deposits Kvartal’noe and Lipovyi Log).Materials and methods. Isotope dating was carried out via the 40Ar-39Ar method by a mass spectrometer Micromass 5400 at the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS for mica of different composition (muscovites, biotites and lepidolites).Results. 40Ar/39Ar ages for mica from dated pegmatite veins of the topaz-beryl type coincide within the measurement accuracy: mine Kazennitsa – 252.3 Ma, Mokrusha – 253.7 and Semenovskaia – 250.3 Ma. The average age of the two series of mica from rubillite-lepidolite pegmatites was found to be 254.1 Ma. The average age of four samples of muscovites from rare metal Ta-Nb-Be pegmatites equals 252.6 Ma.Conclusions. The closure of the isotope system of micas in pegmatites of all three studied types (topaz-beryllium, rubillite-lepidolite and rare-metal with Ta-Nb-Be mineralization) occurred almost simultaneously during the timeframe of 254 to 250 Ma years ago. The obtained age values, however, cannot be identified with the time of formation of pegmatites. The analysis of the available data suggests that the closure of the micas K-Ar isotope system of the studied pegmatites as well as previously dated schists and blastomylonites of the Bazhenovo suture zone and granites of the Murzinka-Adui block marks an important episode in the geological history of the eastern margin of the Urals and the basement of the adjacent part of the West Siberian plate: the change of the transpression regime prevailing during the collision stage of the region’s development to the regime of limited postcollision extension.

The Representations of Rural Population of the Region in the Reports of Siberian Governor-Generals in the 2<sup>nd</sup> Half of the 19<sup>th</sup> Century: “Foreigners”

This article aims to identify the representations of “foreign” people (inorodtsev) of Siberia in the reports of the local governors-general, to define the context of their actualization, to find the mutual relations between the official position of the regional authorities towards the socio-cultural characteristics of the indigenous population, its economic situation and legal status, its relations with Russians and the narratives of the “foreigners’ issue” in Russian periodicals. The study is based on the reports of governors-general of Western and Eastern Siberia from the early 1850s until the abolition of the offices of the West Siberian (1882) and East Siberian governors-general (1887), as well as the Irkutsk governor-general in 1887–1899. Analyzing the above-mentioned sources, the authors take into account that such materials were usually complied with some involvement of predecessors, lower-level officials, invited experts. Comparison of the representations of the “foreign” people in the reports of the governors-general with those reflected in the periodicals shows their similarities and differences. The authors of the reports and many publicists share paternalistic discourse concerning the indigenous population of Siberia and consider the “foreign” people as an object of care and protection. Both of them claim the necessity to reduce the yasak payments, highlight the detrimental influence of merchants, as well as exiles, convicted of criminal and administrative offenses. Remarkably, the reports contain no criticism of the authorities for the decline of the aboriginal population and financial difficulties of the “foreigners”; discuss the problem of the “extinction” of aborigines in quite a soft tone. According to these documents, there was a general tendency in government policy to equalize the legal, social and economic status of “foreigners” with the Russian peasantry. However, at the same time, the governors-general who better knew the Siberian realities – at least some of them – more often defended the interests of the region, and hence the Siberian people, including the indigenous population.

Characteristics of Snow Depth and Snow Phenology in the High Latitudes and High Altitudes of the Northern Hemisphere from 1988 to 2018

Snow cover is an important part of the Earth’s surface and its changes affect local and even global climates due to the high albedo and heat insulation. However, it is difficult to directly compare the results of previous studies on changes in snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere mainland (NH) due to the use of different datasets, research methods, or study periods, and a lack comparison in terms of the differences and similarities at high latitudes and high altitudes. By using snow depth datasets, we analyzed the spatio-temporal distributions and variations in snow depth (SD) and snow phenology (SP) in the NH and nine typical areas. This study revealed that SD in the NH generally decreased significantly (p < 0.01) from 1988 to 2018, with a rate of −0.55 cm/decade. Changes in SD were insignificant at high altitudes, but significant decreases were found at high latitudes. With regard to SP, the snow cover onset day (SCOD) advanced in 31.57% of the NH and was delayed in 21.10% of the NH. In typical areas such as the Rocky Mountains, the West Siberian Plain, and the Central Siberian Plateau, the SCOD presented significant advancing trends, while a significant delay was the trend observed in the Eastern European Plain. The snow cover end day (SCED) advanced in 37.29% of the NH and was delayed in 14.77% of the NH. Negative SCED trends were found in most typical areas. The snow cover duration (SCD) and snow season length (SSL) showed significant positive trends in the Rocky Mountains, while significant negative trends were found in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The results of this comprehensive comparison showed that most typical areas were characterized by decreased SD, advanced SCOD and SCED, and insignificantly increasing SCD and SSL trends. The SCD and SSL values were similar at high latitudes, while the SSL value was larger than the SCD value at high altitudes. The SD exhibited similar interannual fluctuation characteristics as the SCD and SSL in each typical area. The SCD and SSL increased (decreased) with advanced (delayed) SCODs.

Studying the dynamics of thermokarst lakes in the West Siberian Arctic based on the analysis of time series of satellite measurements

Subject of research: article is the time series of changes in the area of thermokarst lakes in the Arctic under the conditions of modern climatic changes.
 Purpose of research: to analyze the time series of satellite measurements of lake areas for studying the dynamics of lakes in the West Siberian Arctic.
 Methods and objects of research: we present the results of formation and analysis of time series of lake areas intended for studying the dynamics of thermokarst lakes in the Arctic zone of Western Siberia over a 36-year period. The time series were obtained based on the results of remote measurements of the lake areas on the territory of 627 thousand km2 using 688 Landsat satellite images, sampled in the period 1985-2021. The study area was divided into three ecoregions to analyze the territorial features of the vast Arctic zone of Western Siberia. The analysis of the time series showed that the change in the average lake area in the territory of the Arctic zone of Western Siberia exhibits a marked negative linear trend.
 Main results of research: based on the comparison of the trends in the time series of lake areas in the territories of the three ecoregions of the West Siberian Arctic, it was found that the thermokarst lakes of Yamal exhibit the highest rate of change in the areas compared to the other Arctic ecoregions.

‘Gvardeets’: a new awnless brome (<i>Bromorsis inermis</i>) cultivar developed in Tyumen Province

Background. Awnless brome (Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub) is a perennial herbaceous plant used as feed in animal husbandry, for phytomelioration, and as a component of grass mixtures to make a durable natural cover for landscaping. Studying the genetic diversity of this species and selecting the best accessions will help to develop new cultivars capable of productive longevity.Materials and methods. In 2017, a new cultivar of B. inermis called ‘Gvardeets’ was submitted to the State Variety Trials. It was developed using chemical mutagenesis followed by multiple selection from cv. ‘Sverdlovsky 38’ at the Research Institute of Agriculture for the Northern Trans-Ural Region, a branch of Tyumen Scientific Center. During the growing seasons of 2012–2020, the cultivar was compared in the field according to the main productivity indicators with the reference cvs. ‘Langepas’ and ‘Sverdlovsky 38’. Observations were performed according to the guidelines for the study of fodder crops.Results and conclusions. The new cultivar ‘Gvardeets’ is mid-season: it takes 50–60 days for its plants to develop from spring regrowth to the beginning of mowing and 95–110 days to harvesting. The plants are erect, 115–145 cm high; foliage content is 38–50%. Protein content in dry matter is 7.0–12.0%; fiber content, 28.2–34.0%. It has a good yield: the harvest of green mass for 9 years averaged 22.8 t/ha; hay, 7.7 t/ha; seeds, 0.19 t/ha, which is higher the original cv. ‘Sverdlovsky 38’ ( ) by 13, 12 and 16% and the productive cv. ‘Langepas’ by 6, 7 and 5%, respectively. It is winter-hardy, resistant to lodging, technology-friendly, and well adaptable to adverse environmental conditions, which ensures its high value for practical use. It was designed for hayfields and pastures. According to the results of the State Variety Trials, in 2021 it was commercialized for the Volga-Vyatka (4), West Siberian (10), and East Siberian (11) regions of Russia.

The Prisayan Formation (Lower and Middle Jurassic) of the Irkutsk Coal Basin: New Data on Litho- and Phytostratigraphy

Abstract —The demand for detailed bio- and lithostratigraphic research of the Prisayan Formation is significant because of the lack of its stratotype section. This leads to confusion about the meaning of the stratigraphic volume of the Prisayan Formation. On the basis of the results of a comprehensive research, a lectostratotype section that covers the whole section of the Prisayan Formation is proposed. The following three subformations are identified in the formation on the basis of lithological criteria: lower (Ust-Balei), middle (Idansk), and upper (Sukhov). Stratigraphic correlation of the Prisayan Formation with the coeval deposits of the West Siberian Plate is carried out. The common development trends of typical units of the flora of the Siberian paleofloral region are revealed in West Siberia and the Irkutsk Basin. The observed tendencies make it possible to compare the beds with Coniopteris murrayana, Sphenobaiera czekanowskiana from the lower subformation with the fossil plant assemblage of the Sharapovo Horizon; the beds with Coniopteris snigirevskiae from the middle subformation with the fossil plant assemblage of the Nadoyakh Horizon; and the beds with Raphaelia diamensis and Phoenicopsis irkutensis with the fossil plant assemblage of the Laidin Horizon of West Siberia. The Prisayan-1 palynoassemblage (PA) from the lower and middle subformations correlate with palynozones 5–7 of West Siberia. The Prisayan-2 PA corresponds to palynozone 8 of West Siberia. The paleobotanical and palynological data suggest that the stratigraphic volume of the Prisayan Formation is the upper Pliensbachian–Aalenian of the Lower–Middle Jurassic. This paper touches upon the history of accumulation of the Prisayan Formation, as well as the evolution of the paleorelief and vegetation.

An Assessment of the Oil and Gas-Bearing Capacity of the Pre-Jurassic and Jurassic Deposits of the Central Part of the West Siberian Plate

An Assessment of the Oil and Gas-Bearing Capacity of the Pre-Jurassic and Jurassic Deposits of the Central Part of the West Siberian Plate

ОСНОВНЫЕ ЭТАПЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОГО СООБЩЕНИЯ В ЕНИСЕЙСКОМ РЕГИОНЕ В XIX—XXI ВВ.

The influence of the Trans-Siberian Railway on the economic, social and cultural development of Siberia can hardly be overestimated. Contemporaries noted that from the very beginning of the operation of the Siberian railway, the economic and cultural development of Siberia accelerated: the railway opened the way for Siberian manufacturers to Western markets; also, the industrial development of Siberia required an influx of labor, and streams of migrants, peasants, employees, and merchants poured into Siberia. The section of the Trans-Siberian Railway, passing through the territory of the modern Krasnoyarsk Territory, at different periods of its existence was part of the Great Siberian Railway, the West Siberian, Tomsk, East Siberian Railways. The change of ownership of the Krasnoyarsk Railway from one section of the Trans-Siberian Railway to another was due to the tasks of industrial development facing society. Each time the reformation of the structure of the Trans-Siberian Railway was accompanied by corresponding personnel and organizational changes in the management structure of the Krasnoyarsk Railway itself. The article considers the key events in the history of the development of the railway transport of the Yenisei region. The authors analyzed the prerequisites and historical conditions that determined the pace of development of the railway network at each historical stage, showed the importance of individuals who had a significant impact on the development of the railway in the Yenisei region, considered the historical conditions that determined the pace of development of passenger traffic. The authors provide statistical information indicating a high level of demand for railway communication among the local population. It should be noted that the invariable direction in the activity of the Krasnoyarsk Railway was the development of infrastructure, which made it possible to ensure the economic development of the region in different historical periods.

Пространственное распределение естественного и антропогенного эолового рельефа на севере Западной Сибири

The authors show the differentiation of the modern aeolian landforms spatial distribution (natural and anthropogenic origin) for the northern part of the West Siberian Plain (an area of about 800 thousand km2) based on the analytical processing of Sentinel-2 satellite images (resolution 10 m/px). A deciphering technique was developed; it includes the use of unsupervised ISODATA classification algorithms, visual editing, verification of results based on high-resolution satellite images, and standard spatial analysis procedures. In total, 404,675 aeolian relief objects with a total area of 2228,18 km2 were identified. The average area of natural forms was 0,44 ha (the largest share in the Yamal district of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug – 1,02 %), the average area of anthropogenic forms – 2,84 ha (the largest share in the Purovsky district of the same region – 0,19 %). It was revealed that in the territories of oil and gas production, the maximum area of both natural and anthropogenic aeolian forms corresponds to the boundaries of the Urengoy field (19,14 and 34,58 km2, respectively). It was established that in the Yamal Peninsula, the modern aeolian relief is confined mainly to marine and hydroglacial deposits, while in that of Gydan Peninsula, a connection can be traced with glacial or marine ones that have experienced direct mechanical action of cover ice. It was revealed that the mentioned relief is often formed in areas with increased drainage, facing towards the direction of the prevailing winds in the spring-autumn period (terraces and the watershed of the Pur and Nadym rivers). The results of the study can be used at monitoring the reclamation of disturbed areas and the natural dynamics of vegetation as an indicator of global climate change in the north of Western Siberia.

Influence of discontinuous faults in the Jurassic part of the section on the structure of the Urna oil reservoir in the Vasyugan formation of Malyka field

In the East Uvat district of the South of Tyumen region, five fields were discovered, in which the bulk of hydrocarbon potential is in deposits in upper Jurassic sediments (U1 reservoir of the Vasyugan formation). A feature of the structure of deposits is the block structure of reservoirs, which is reflected in the presence of different levels of the oilwater contact within the same deposit. The construction of such models is complicated by two main reasons: the first is the presence of non-amplitude faults, which are difficult to map in the seismic 3D survey, the second is results of tracer studies, according to which not all faults have shielding properties. In the Eastern regions of Uvat, fault models of the Vasyugan formation are constructed in four stages: at the first stage, based on the 3D seismic data, a framework of small faults is identified, which at the second stage are consolidated into large faults. At the third stage, based on the analysis of tracer studies, they are ranked into permeable and impermeable. At the fourth stage the kinematic nature of faults is studied using paragenetic methods and fit as the model of geodynamic development of the West Siberian Basin. Application of this approach made it possible to refine the model of the U1 reservoir of the Urnenskoye field. The faults model of the Jurassic interval of the section based on 3D seismic data is represented by a network of small faults of different orientations. Morphologically, the reservoir of the U1 reservoir is isolated into three hydrodynamically separated blocks, each of which has an independent oil-water contact level. Analysis of the history of the fault formation showed that during the formation of the sedimentary cover, the territory of the Urnenskoye field was in complex tectonic conditions, which was affected the structure of the modern framework of discontinuous faults.

Preliminary results of the implementation of the program to reduce morbidity and prevent mortality from diseases of the circulatory system in workers of locomotive crews

Corporate health programs are a common measure for the primary and secondary prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases.Aim. To study the first implementation results of a Targeted comprehensive program to reduce morbidity and prevent mortality from circulatory system diseases and early cancer detection in employees of JSC "Russian Railways" for the period from 2019 to 2023.Material and methods. The study used a survey of employees of locomotive crews (RLC), which was conducted twice: in the summer of 2018 and February-March 2021. The survey was conducted using a specially designed questionnaire that takes into account the health status of drivers and their assistants, production, and non-production risk factors. In 2018, 10476 questionnaires were collected (>7% of employees), and in 2021 — 14403 questionnaires (>10% of employees). The age structure of railways has not changed, which made it possible to analyze the frequency of occurrence of risk factors in dynamics.Results. In general, the mention of the RLC of the interfering effect of the noise factor, uncomfortable temperature, and undesirable odors in the driver’s cabin decreased for JSC "Russian Railways". The number of smokers on the South-Eastern Railway significantly increased during the study period. The number of people consuming insufficient amounts of vegetables and fruits has increased on the Far Eastern, West Siberian, Krasnoyarsk, and Volga railways. The frequency of workers’ meals at fast food restaurants has increased on the Southeastern Railway. The number of people with a good commitment to the basic principles of a healthy lifestyle has increased on the East Siberian, Trans-Baikal, West Siberian, Kuibyshev, Oktyabrskaya, Sverdlovsk, North Caucasian, and South Ural railways.Conclusion. The conducted research has shown the effectiveness of the initial stage of the implementation of the corporate program to reduce morbidity and prevent mortality from diseases of the circulatory system in RLC. The heterogeneity of the results for different railways was revealed.

Томская археологическая школа во второй половине 1970-х — 1990-х гг.

The article analyzes the development of the Tomsk Archaeological School aft er its leader V. I. Matyushchenko moved to Omsk in 1976. Th e authors focus on the role of L. A. Chindina, who headed the school in the second half of the 1970s, highlighting her contribution to the development of the problems of West Siberian archaeology in the Early Iron Age and the Early Middle Ages. Having created an original concept of cultural and historical development in Western Siberia, the researcher promoted it as a specifi c research programme for her disciples. Th e authority of the Tomsk school was consolidated through holding the regular West Siberian archaeological and ethnographic meetings/ conferences in 1978–1990s as well as by establishing the Department of Archaeology and Local History at Tomsk State University (TSU) in 1991. The paper identifies some features of the development of the archaeological school at TSU.