Salvia L., the largest genus of Lamiaceae, represents an enormous and cosmopolitan assemblage of nearly 1000 species displaying remarkable variation. It has undergone marked species radiations in three regions of the world: Central and South America (500 spp.), Central Asia/ Mediterranean (250 spp.) and Eastern Asia (90 spp.) (Walker et al. 2004). The latest comprehensive treatment for Salvia in Turkey, Hedge (1982a) recognised 87 species, one of them doubtful. Since 2005, as part of a revision of the genus in Turkey, the authors have described two new species (Ilcim et al. 2009, Celep & Dogan 2010), one new variety (Celep et al. 2009a) and two new records (Celep et al. 2009b, Kahraman et al. 2009). S. aucheri Benth. var. canescens Boiss. & Heldr. has been also raised to subspecies rank (Celep et al. in press). Moreover, two synonyms have been evaluated as valid species (Kahraman et al. 2010). During a field trip near Bozkir, South of Konya (C4, sensu Davis 1965) in the context of this revision, we encountered an unusual population of S. cadmica Boiss. within the area of its known population. The unusual specimens resemble S. smyrnaea Boiss. in terms of their calyx and corolla colour. Later on, similar unusual specimens were found in other populations of S. cadmica in South, West and Central Anatolia. The specimens were identified using the relevant literature (Boissier 1879, Hedge 1972, 1982a, 1982b, Pobedimova 1954) and compared with the types and other representative collections present at ANK, BM, E, G, GAZI, HUB, ISTE, ISTF, K and W herbaria. The objectives of this study are to present the taxonomic revison of S. cadmica and S. smyrnaea analysing their populations by means of field, herbarium and numerical taxonomic methods, to determine the key characters for distinguishing the taxa, to give their amended and expanded description, phenology, ecology and distribution, and to report their pollen and nutlet characteristics.