Well-organized Format Research Articles

Investigation of pedestrian speed in formation evacuating in two specific water depths

The implementation of a well-organized formation for evacuation plays a critical role in ensuring the safety of individuals during flood events. To investigate the effectiveness of formation evacuating, this study conducted experiments under two specific water depths (0.35 m up to the knee and 0.60 m above the knee). The efficiency of two common evacuation methods, namely single-file formation without a rescue rope (referred to as “without rope”) and single-file formation with a rescue rope (referred to as “with rope”), was discussed through questionnaire and trajectory analysis. The findings indicate that the majority of pedestrians (over 60 %) perceive a reduced level of fatigue in single-file formation compared to individual walking (referred to as “individual”) in both 0.35 m and 0.60 m water. Not only was the fatigue level the lowest, but it also exhibited the highest speed growth rate in “with rope”. Specifically, pedestrian speed increased by 11.24 % in 0.60 m water and by 4.85 % in 0.35 m water compared to “individual”. Analysis of pedestrian step characteristics revealed that the increase in pedestrian step frequency was the primary factor contributing to the speed increase in “with rope”. Moreover, the step length and step frequency of pedestrians were effectively harmonized in “with rope”, particularly in 0.60 m water. Considering factors such as fatigue level and evacuation speed, it is evident that single-file formation evacuating with rescue rope significantly improves evacuation efficiency. This study provides fundamental data and offers practical recommendations for the development of effective flood evacuation strategies.

Evaluation and Treatment of Obesity and Its Comorbidities: 2022 Update of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Obesity by the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity.

The goal of the 8th edition of the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Obesity is to help primary care physician provide safe, effective care to patients with obesity by offering evidence-based recommendations to improve the quality of treatment. The Committee for Clinical Practice Guidelines comprised individuals with multidisciplinary expertise in obesity management. A steering board of seven experts oversaw the entire project. Recommendations were developed as the answers to key questions formulated in patient/problem, intervention, comparison, outcomes (PICO) format. Guidelines underwent multi-level review and cross-checking and received endorsement from relevant scientific societies. This edition of the guidelines includes criteria for diagnosing obesity, abdominal obesity, and metabolic syndrome; evaluation of obesity and its complications; weight loss goals; and treatment options such as diet, exercise, behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric and metabolic surgery for Korean people with obesity. Compared to the previous edition of the guidelines, the current edition includes five new topics to keep up with the constantly evolving field of obesity: diagnosis of obesity, obesity in women, obesity in patients with mental illness, weight maintenance after weight loss, and the use of information and communication technology-based interventions for obesity treatment. This edition of the guidelines features has improved organization, more clearly linking key questions in PICO format to recommendations and key references. We are confident that these new Clinical Practice Guidelines for Obesity will be a valuable resource for all healthcare professionals as they describe the most current and evidence-based treatment options for obesity in a well-organized format.

Designing a Smart Transportation System: An Internet of Things and Big Data Approach

Big data analytics are widely used in many areas such as efficient designing and planning of smart transportation, smart control systems, smart cities, smart communities, and more. However, analyzing big data for smart control systems has many challenges and issues using conventional engineering techniques. These challenges include processing big data in real time, fast processing, and efficient decision and management. In this article, we design a model for analyzing transportation data with Hadoop along with Spark to handle real-time transportation data. The system is further divided into four layers: data collection and acquisition, network, data processing, and application. Each layer is designed in a way to process and manage data in a well-organized format. Similarly, the data is tested through Hadoop and Spark in the data processing layer. The data is disseminated to a smart community citizen using the proposed event and decision mechanism based on named data networking. The proposed system is tested for transportation datasets from various authentic sources. The results show processing of data and real-time dissemination with citizens in less possible time. The Hadoop ecosystem along with Spark generate highly accurate results. Further, the significance of the proposed architecture is that it can be used in generic vehicular network scenarios.

How to Write an Effective Introduction.

Ideally, the Introduction is an essential attention grabbing section of a research paper. If written correctly, the Introduction peaks the reader's interest as well as serves as a roadmap for the rest of the paper. An effective Introduction builds off related empirical research and demonstrates a gap in which the current study fills. Finally, the Introduction proposes the research question(s) which will be answered in subsequent sections of the paper. A strong Introduction also requires the use of a simple and well-organized format as well as the avoidance of common pitfalls.

Usability Testing of Digital Libraries: The Experience of EPrints

Digital libraries should provide a qualified service in allowing their users to access data within a well-organized format. It is critical to enrich interaction among users and the interface. To measure the level of interaction, common analyses such as usability tests or socio-technical analyses are practiced throughout the literature. The interfaces can be enhanced with the data gathered from these types of analyses. The main aim of this study is to realize a qualitative usability test for the users of the Digital Archive of Hacettepe University Department of Information Management. The archive in question was exclusively created by this paper's authors who have participated in the project. In our case, a formal usability test was chosen for the analysis and a total of 5participants -not only from library staff or those who practiced information sciences- but also from different areas have participated in the study. The test was divided into three sections; pre-test, usability test and post-test. A total of 4questions were identified which aimed at measuring the ease of finding an article, accessing full texts, signing up for a new account and finding a given author. The preliminary findings showed that the most convenient option that EPrints software provided was in finding an article, as all of the participants have managed to answer this question fairly easy and quick. On the other hand, the most challenging situation proved to be signing up for a new account. The main reason behind this was discovered to be the sending and receiving of the confirmation e-mails in the activation procedure. There are a few papers in the literature which evaluates EPrints through utilizing usability test. Consequently, the results from this study can be considered important in not only improving the quality of the tested archive, but also the EPrints software itself.

3 β-Hydroxysteroid-Δ 24 Reductase (DHCR24) Protects Neuronal Cells from Apoptotic Cell Death Induced by Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress

3β-Hydroxysteroid-Δ24 reductase (DHCR24) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized multifunctional enzyme that possesses anti-apoptotic and cholesterol-synthesizing activities. Accumulating evidence suggests that ER stress is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease. In this study, we investigated whether DHCR24 may function as a neuroprotective protein under ER stress. Neuroblastoma N2A cells were infected with adenovirus expressing myc-tagged DHCR24 (Ad-DHCR24) or lacZ (Ad-lacZ, serving as a control) and subjected to ER-stress, induced with Tunicamycin (TM). Cells infected with Ad-DHCR24-myc were resistant to TM-induced apoptosis, and showed weaker level of caspase-12 activity. These cells also exhibited lower levels of Bip and CHOP proteins than Ad-LacZ-infected cells. Moreover, a stronger and rapid activation of PERK, and a prolonged activation of JNK and p38 were observed in Ad-LacZ–infected cells. The generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species from ER stress was also diminished by the overexpression of DHCR24. Additionally, intracellular cholesterol level was also elevated in the Ad-DHCR24-infected cells, accompanied by a well-organized formation of caveolae (cholesterol-rich microdomain) on the plasma membrane, and improved colocalization of caveolin-1 and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor. These results demonstrated for the first time that DHCR24 could protect neuronal cells from apoptosis induced by ER stress.

Conceptual Maps as Mediators of Self-Regulated Learning

The concept map lets students represent their understanding of domain knowledge in a well-organized format. This study analyses the impact that the use of conceptual maps and training of self-regulated learning have on learning achievement. Results show that the three types of learning mediation influence the level of comprehension, but the effect emerges only for inferential questions and not for factual questions. Moreover, the mean of correct answers was significantly lower for the simple text condition as compared to all other presentation forms. Thus, the proposed formative intervention has a significant effect on in-depth processing.

Hardwood-Nuss’ Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine, Fifth Edition

Hardwood-Nuss’ Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine, Fifth Edition

Marital and Family Therapy, 4th ed.

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Book Forum: PsychotherapiesFull AccessMarital and Family Therapy, 4th ed.PIETER LE ROUX, D. LITT. ET PHIL., and MARVIN I. HERZ, M.D., PIETER LE ROUXSearch for more papers by this author, D. LITT. ET PHIL., and MARVIN I. HERZSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., Rochester, N.Y.Published Online:1 Mar 2002https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.3.507AboutSectionsView EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail This broad-based and comprehensive text for students, clinicians, and teachers of family therapy covers a range of relevant topics presented in a well-organized format to guide the reader systematically through a vast amount of information. It is a companion text that readers will find useful in many different ways because it provides an up-to-date review of content areas and excellent suggestions for additional reading.The book is divided into eight different sections with a total of 31 chapters. The sections cover topics related to the history of family therapy, family evaluation, treatment approaches, couples therapy, psychiatric disorders and family therapy, indicators for family therapy and outcome data, family therapy in medical settings, and professional and ethical issues. Each chapter starts with well-formulated reader objectives, which contributes to time-efficient reading and active processing of the material. There are specific chapters and references on issues related to ethnicity, gender, race, and culture as well as guidelines for being sensitive to the diversity of family life. The major theoretical models of family therapy are presented in a clear and systematic way. Well-formulated guidelines are provided for best practices when engaging families, planning treatment, and dealing with specialized areas such as violence, loss, and chronic mental illness.The fourth edition of Marital and Family Therapy is an attractive and user-friendly text. The book is filled with useful summaries, tables, and graphs for quick referencing and easy access to information. It also provides a succinct and integrated view of the complex biopsychosocial continuum related to patient, context, and family. The strong interdisciplinary appeal of the book makes it an ideal text for training programs where the goal is to help students develop core competencies in marital and family therapy. The experienced family clinician may find some of the chapters too brief. However, the authors undoubtedly succeed in their goal of creating a “basic, but comprehensive textbook for individuals at different training levels and orientations” (p. xlvii).We recommend the book highly for all mental health professionals and students in the mental health professions. It is especially useful for those individuals whose primary interests are in marital and family therapy.By Ira D. Glick, M.D., Ellen M. Berman, M.D., John F. Clarkin, Ph.D., and Douglas S. Rait, Ph.D. Washington, D.C., American Psychiatric Press, 2000, 739 pp., $49.00. FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited byNone Volume 159Issue 3 March 2002Pages 507-508 Metrics History Published online 1 March 2002 Published in print 1 March 2002

Cyberlipid Center: What Do You Want to Know About Lipids?

Let’s say you need some information about lipids and prefer to browse the Internet rather than some textbook. Or maybe you need occasional information about an analytical technique on lipids and you are not an expert in the field (nor is there one at hand to do which includes but is not limited to about 380 lipid-related terms (Fig. 2). Finally, a site map allows the visitor to jump directly to an area of interest. The browsing option works quite well, because it starts with relatively short and simplified explanations which get more and more detailed as you move further into the site. In this way, the visitors may choose the level of information that interests them. The website is divided into three main lipid-related areas: description, analysis, and oxidation of individual lipid components. The description area starts by dividing lipids into simple and complex forms. (Not everyone in the field will agree with the way lipids are organized in the site, but it is very practical, in my opinion—even more so to people who are not too familiar with the field.) The visitor can choose to browse down the links until they find the information needed. When the users find a component that interests them, they can usually reach the analysis section related to it through an on-page link. In the analysis area (Fig. 3), you will find detailed procedural descriptions for the most common lipid-related techniques, sometimes accompanied by the relevant original references. Usually, the techniques are organized by objective (e.g., general and separation techniques), but other groupings are possible depending on the lipid component at hand. It is also possible to see from the site map which components have an analysis area. The site map also allows you to access two additional links related to lipid analysis: lipid extraction and lipid fractionation. I must stress that to find all this information in one place without having to search through lots of references is quite a bonus. The oxidation section contains a lot of information on free radicals and the auto oxidation products of different lipid components. That, again, constitutes a remarkable concentration of information that is usually scattered among several sources. There are also sections on animal and plant lipids, with data relevant to origin, abundance, and economical interest. I found it most convenient, because this type of data is not usually associated with scientific papers. Interspersed with the text are links related to the subject at hand. These include short biographies on relevant scientists, the job). If so, I would suggest you take a look at the Cyberlipid Center—the resource site for lipid studies (go.to/cyberlipid, or alternatively, pulsix-w.sdv.fr/ cyberlipid/index.htm) (Fig. 1). You will find a wealth of information about lipids on this site in a well-organized format. The visitors are offered several ways to get at the information that interests them. One way is to simply browse through the site. A second way is to use a Search feature, Biotech Software & Internet Report Volume 2, Number 1, 2001

Disorders of the Spleen.

Department of Pathology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A. Neiman and Orazi have written a second edition of this treatise on disorders of the spleen 10 years after the first edition, primarily to include much of the information regarding hematopoietic disorders published during the past decade. They point out that although the spleen is rarely biopsied for diagnosis, it does provide a remarkable opportunity to see the full extent of disorders which often are seen in small biopsies from other organs. Their approach primarily relates to splenic pathophysiology as well as anatomic distribution of the observed lesions. After a succinct but data-packed discussion of the embryology, anatomy, and functions of the spleen, the authors describe the pathophysiology and the conditions relating to both hypersplenism and hyposplenism. The writing is succinct but contains much information in a well-organized format. References are truncated to include the classics, such as Doan's 1949 article on hypersplenism, to a 1997 reference to CD99 positivity in hematologic proliferations. There is perhaps inclusion of too many of the older references such as a 1975 reference to new approaches to the classification of lymphomata. The rest of the book is divided into disorders of the white pulp, including reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, granulomatous disorders, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and plasma cell disorders, and disorders of the red pulp, including a discussion of the disorders of blood cells with the associated changes in the spleen as well as a discussion of leukemias, monocyte-macrophage proliferations, and myeoloproliferative disorders. The final two chapters are on the non-neoplastic and tumor-like lesions characteristic of the spleen. Illustrations are in black and white which are generally of high quality with the addition of 31 color plates of gross pathologic changes. These color plates are at the beginning of the book and are not scattered throughout the corresponding chapters. The weakness of the book, as is characteristic of books on the spleen, is that the great majority of the diseases described are not primary in the spleen and are described in treatises on other organs. However, this is a succinct and modern review of those diseases formatted to facilitate the surgical pathologic examination and reporting of the diseased spleen. It is a worthy addition to the surgical pathologist's library.

Neurology and Neuropathology in Living Color

This small (15.5 × 23.5 cm) book summarizes in a clear, well-organized format almost all of the most common conditions, features, and concerns of neurological practice. A chapter on the neurological examination precedes the next 14 chapters which cover (2) “Headache and Facial Pain”; (3) “Loss of Consciousness and Coma” (beginning with epilepsy and ending with sleep apnea, and coma); (4) “Cranial Nerve Dysfunction” (1 through 12 with special emphasis on oculomotor disorders); (5) “Vertigo, Dizziness and Ataxia” (including a brief discussion of psychiatric issues); (6) “Disorders of Higher Cortical Function” (just about all of them); (7) “Cerebrovascular Disease” (with largest sections on infarction, small vessel disease, and subarachnoid hemorrhage); (8) “Parkinson's Disease and Other Extrapyramidal Disorders”; (9) “Cerebral Tumour and Hydrocephalus”; (10) “Multiple Sclerosis” (more pages—12—on MS than any other condition); (11) “Central Nervous System Infection” (HIV is covered under the “Retrovirus” subsection); (12) “Motor Neuron Disease and Peripheral Nerve Disorders”; (13) “Spinal Cord Disorders”; (14) “Myasthenia Gravis and Muscle Disease”; and (15) “The Neurology of Cancer, Systemic Disease and Psychiatry.”

Postoperative Care of the Critically Ill Patient

Department of Anesthesiology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263.James C. Eisenach, M.D., EditorPostoperative Care of the Critically Ill Patient, edited by T. James Gallagher, M.D. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1995. Pages: 502. Price: $99.00.This book addresses the most common problems encountered by high-risk surgical patients when treated in the intensive care unit. The book contains 18 chapters, written by 22 contributors. The chapter on immediate needs of the postoperative patient serves as an introduction to the most relevant chapters. Monitoring techniques are presented as a broad overview of methods used in intensive care. The chapters on pain management and sedation and the use of neuromuscular blockade detail the physiologic and pharmacologic basics and offer useful guidelines for their use in critical care. The information in these two chapters will be welcome by intensivists without anesthesiology training. Other chapters include the perioperative stress response, fluid therapy, acute electrolyte imbalance, and acute renal failure. Sections on myocardial ischemia and infarction, acute airway problems and postoperative ventilatory support, oxygen delivery and utilization, postoperative sepsis, posttraumatic head injury, management of the obtunded patient, postoperative bleeding, deep venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism complete the book.Each chapter is introduced with a case report followed by a brief description on pathophysiology, assessment, and management. Most chapters do not provide an in-depth discussion on pathophysiology, which makes for a very useful tool for clinicians who need a quick reference for practical information. Margin notes highlight the most relevant information of the paragraphs. The overall quality of the chapters is good, although the areas on decision-making and goal-oriented management are discussed superficially. In general, the chapters have an adequate number of references with current literature citations.The book is presented in a well-organized format. However, chapters on postoperative pulmonary and cardiac dysfunction in the high-risk patient, as well as the management of hemodynamic information, multiple organ failure, postoperative acid-base imbalance, and nutritional support would have been welcome. In addition, a discussion on the discrepancies of recent clinical trials on "supranormal hemodynamics" and recommendations based on these recent studies would have complemented nicely the chapter on oxygen transport.The chapter on postoperative myocardial ischemia, although well written, does not cover the topic. This chapter has an extensive discussion on preoperative cardiac risk assessment, but does not address the incidence of postoperative myocardial ischemia and infarction in different high risk surgical populations and the different clinical approaches that have been attempted to decrease the incidence of the problem.The strength of the book lies in its easy readability, the relevant facts provided in the margin notes, and the valuable information offered for a clinician searching for a rapid source of practical information.In summary, this book will fulfill the needs of medical students and residents who are introduced to the management of critically ill surgical patients. In addition, it can be a useful tool for physicians preparing for a board examination.Pedro A. Mendez, M.D., Oscar A. de Leon-Casasola, M.D., Department of Anesthesiology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263.

The Relaxometer: a complete and comprehensive computer-controlled neuromuscular transmission measurement system developed for clinical research on muscle relaxants.

The Relaxometer is a computer-controlled system developed for reliable clinical experimental measurements on neuromuscular block. This system is based on an adapted personal computer (Atari 1040 ST) with a monochrome monitor (Atari SM 124), and a microcomputer-driven slave unit (stimulator). There are several stimulation patterns available: single twitch at 0.1 and 1 Hz, single train-of-four, continuous train-of-four every 12 seconds, and tetanic stimulation at 50 Hz for 5 seconds followed by posttetanic count. The system is equipped with a temperature module for continuous monitoring of the skin/muscle temperature and a rechargeable battery to allow uninterrupted measurements if the apparatus is disconnected from the line power. All acquired data, computer-calculated parameters (onset time, duration time, recovery index, train-of-four ratio, tetanic fade, and posttetanic count), and the mechanomyogram are presented on screen continuously, are stored on floppy disk, and can be printed in a well-organized format.

Merritt's Textbook of Neurology

H. Houston Merritt's previous editions, entitled A Textbook of Neurology , should be familiar to most ophthalmologists. Merritt published his first edition in 1959, and by his death in 1979 he had produced six editions. Although the seventh edition, entitled Merritt's Textbook of Neurology , differed from its predecessors in that it was written by several authors, the present edition, edited by Lewis P. Rowland, differs even more significantly, with a total of 74 authors contributing to the 164 chapters of this 964-page book. The new edition... should prove useful for those wishing to quickly review specific aspects of most diseases of the nervous system. Nonetheless, the editor has maintained the continuity of the earlier editions with his concise approach to each subject in a well-organized format. Although some of the subjects appear to be treated superficially, and the limited amount of space given to each author occasionally leads to long sentences

McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology

The latest edition of the encyclopedia marks the 25th anniversary of its publication. This remarkable work remains a leading authority for in-depth coverage of all areas of science and technology for lay readers from students to researchers. The current edition has been expanded from 15 to 20 volumes to include developments since the 1982 edition. New and expanded entries are included for such fields as telecommunications, theoretical physics, geology, nuclear engineering, and computers. Information is presented in an attractive and well-organized format in 19 volumes, with volume 20 containing the indexes. Extensive use of boldface type, the inclusion of 15 000 illustrations, and tables printed in two colors all add to the readability of the text. As in past editions, the 7700 articles are arranged alphabetically for ease of access. The reader is guided from these lead articles to more information by more than 50 000 cross-references. Most of the

Prevention and Treatment of Running Injuries

This is a fine, enjoyable book. The editors have brought together a number of knowledgeable and well-known contributors who have written on the major topics in running and running injuries. The book has a well-organized format. The initial chapters deal with biomechanics and examination of the runner, and the ensuing chapters with injuries involved in running. The final chapters deal with aspects important to runners, such as flexibility and stretching and nutritional needs. A chapter has also been devoted to injuries of female runners. The contributing authors have done an outstanding job of discussing their individual topics, both in reviewing appropriate literature and conveying their personal experiences, which we found rewarding. The prose is easy to read, and there is an appropriate number of figures and charts. Two chapters that are especially outstanding are chapter 14, Spine Problems in the Runner, and chapter 7, Exertional Compartment Syndromes. This is not

Diffusion in iron, iron solid solutions and steels

Systematic experimental and theoretical studies of the diffusion in iron, iron solid solutions and steels have been carried out at the Institute of Physical Metallurgy, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Brno, for several years. The aim of this review is to present some results achieved in the Institute and to complement them by the results published in journals and monographs, in a complete well-organized format that gives a basic idea of the problem and enables certain technological applications to be made. In the four sections we deal with self-diffusion and heterodiffusion in iron and in iron solid solutions. The investigations have shown, as well as other facts, that three types of bulk diffusion in iron-based materials should be distinguished: (i) diffusion in the ferromagnetic b.c.c. structure, (ii) diffusion in the paramagnetic b.c.c. structure and (iii) diffusion in the f.c.c. structure. In Section 3 we demonstrate that the effect of magnetic order on diffusion, creep and high temperature yielding has a common base: the atomic spin-spin interaction which influences the variation in the elastic constants with temperature. The results concerning substitutional diffusion in steels are presented in Section 6. It can be concluded from the compiled data that the self-diffusion and heterodiffusion values measured in f.c.c. iron may be used as a good approximation in austenitic steels, if the data for these particular materials are not available. Examples of diffusion applications in related material branches are introduced in Section 7 on the homogenization of alloys and steels and in Section 8 on diffusion and creep. In Section 9 we deal with the diffusion of interstitial atoms in iron and steels and particularly with carbon diffusion and redistribution in steel weldments. It is shown that the concept of the carbon activity gradient as a chemical “driving force” in carbon diffusion and redistribution is well established and has been applied successfully.

Interpretation of Complex Arrhythmias

The current generation of physicians is fortunate that Drs Alfred Pick and Richard Langendorf have published in book form their intellectual and pragmatic approach to the interpretation of complex arrhythmias. Rarely does one book contain such encyclopedic information in a well-organized format with comprehensive yet up-to-date references. This book is authored exclusively by these two pioneer cardiologists, and the outcome is a cohesive product that can be read, studied, digested, and reread with ever-increasing pleasure and education. In brief, it is a 586-page postgraduate course in complex arrhythmias, in which the reader is enlightened during the analysis of each of the 318 figures in the text. This book is not for the novice or the beginner but, rather, for the accomplished physician who already demonstrates a high degree of skill in the day-to-day interpretation of routine and complex cardiac arrhythmias. On reading this book, such a physician will quickly realize

Septic Shock in Man

This is a most attractive book from a number of points of view. Physically, it is well designed, comfortable in the hand, with easy to read print on quality paper. Typographical errors are minimal, the tables and illustrations reproduced in reasonable fashion, and the index adequate but not overburdened. The content of the volume is especially attractive. The book, based on a conference on the Dynamics of Septic Shock in Man, held in 1968, draws together "virtually all the existing worthwhile information on the subject in a well-organized format...." The presentations at that conference have been updated for this publication. There is a logical definition of terms and etiologic factors, including alterations of host-invader relationships, and these are lucidly developed. The authors discuss alterations in respiration, circulation, and metabolism as they relate uniquely to septic shock, and there is an excellent section on oxygen transport and utilization. Exciting and important