Well-off Families Research Articles

INFLUENCE OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN IN KENYA - A REVIEW PAPER ON THE CASE OF BUNGOMA-WEST SUB-COUNTY, BUNGOMA COUNTY, KENYA

COVID-19 has impacted entire nations worldwide, and Kenya was hit the hardest by the pandemic economically, socially, and even politically. This review paper concentrates on social effects, specifically examining the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on school-going children in Bungoma West Sub County, Bungoma County. The reporting of the confirmed first COVID-19 disease case on 14th March 2020 forced the government of Kenya to close down all learning institutions. This action caused a significant negative impact on the school-going children in most households, particularly in Bungoma West. The poor, vulnerable, and marginalized groups could not access education through only remote learning by The Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development (KICD). This only benefitted children from well-off families in urban centres, excluding those from vulnerable and poor households. The gap in the inequality in the provision of education widened. Financial inadequacy made the government fail to fund school-related services such as capitation, food and learning materials. House confinement impoverished parents financially. Most children never have access to equitable, all-inclusive, and quality education. Many suffered from psycho-sociological challenges. This review paper examines the challenges school-going children face, gives the way forward, and proposes solutions to future crises, if any.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0699/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Inequities in child health in Luxembourg

Abstract Background In Luxembourg, despite its economic prosperity, 28.6 % of children are estimated to be at the risk of poverty. Research has shown that growing up with socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with worse physical and mental health in childhood. We explore the association of socioeconomic status with health, health behaviours and access to healthcare in Luxembourg for children up to age twelve. Methods We used data from 2014 to 2022 for 11-12 year old children from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey as well as social security data from Luxembourg for a similar time period and children 0 to 12 years old. To assess socioeconomic status, we used information on self-perceived household wealth for the HBSC results and stratified health and health behaviours by well-off, average, or less well-off households. For the social security data, we stratified access to care indicators by equivalized household income quintiles. Results We found that physical activity levels, nutritional quality and daily routines such as eating breakfast and brushing teeth are significantly lower in children from less affluent families. For example, 61% of 11-12-year-old children from well-off families reported eating breakfast every day, but only 41% of children from less well-off families. Only 23% of 11-12 year olds from less affluent families rated their health as excellent, compared to 52% of children from affluent families. There were similarly large differences for multiple health complaints, with 63% of children from less affluent families reporting this indicator for psychosomatic problems, compared to 34% of children from affluent families. We did not find differences in the use of pre- and postnatal care visits. Conclusions Socioeconomic differences in child health, mental health and health behaviours are large, with children from poorer households being in worse physical and mental health and less likely to report positive health behaviours. Key messages • Many children in Luxembourg face socioeconomic challenges that are adversely associated with health and health behaviours. The underlying reasons require further attention to improve child health. • Children from poorer backgrounds are in significantly worse mental health than children from better off families in Luxembourg.

Health Education : Stunting Prevention in Nagari Api-Api, West Sumatra

Nagari Api-Api Pasar Baru, Bayang, Pesisir Selatan, West Sumatra is one of the areas that still faces major challenges related to stunting. Stunting is characterized by impaired growth and development in children, caused by insufficient nutrition, frequent infections, and a lack of psychosocial stimulation. Globally, 149.2 million children under the age of five (22.0 percent) are affected by this condition. Based on the results of a national survey of stunting sufferers in Pesisir Selatan for the 2023 period, there were 2,314 cases, 29.8 percent of the total number of children in the area, or an increase of 4.6 percent compared to 2022 which was 25.2 percent. Of that number, only 470 cases were children from underprivileged families and the rest were from children from well-off families. In terms of age, 795 cases were children aged 0-24 months and 1,519 cases were aged 24-59 months.Preparation of Extension Materials and Media Preparation of Extension Preparation of extension materials that include information about stunting, characteristics, causes, impacts, and prevention methods. Schmidt stated that stunting is a condition of malnutrition that occurs over a long period of time, resulting in impaired height growth in children. This makes them shorter compared to the standard height for their age (Aryastami, 2017).The results of the counseling activity were that participants understood and understood the causes and how to prevent stunting in children.

Pengaruh Program Indonesia Pintar Terhadap Peningkatan Kesejateraan Masyarakat Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam Di Nagari Tanjung Bonai Kabupaten Tanah Datar

Smarst Indonesia programs that is put forward has an influence on improving community welfare. However, in practice, this program only favors children from well-off families, causing the child's system to collapse, resulting in a decline in the family's economy. PIP has on improving community welfare in Nagari Tanjung Bonai. The researcsh methode uses a quantitative approach. Parents of children who received PIP in Nagari Tanjung Bonai. Data about PIP recipients was collected through questionnaires. Thea data analysis used is a statistical tool to measurse the influence off the Smarst Indonesia Programs in improeving welfare. The conclusion off this research is that the Smarst Indonesia Programs has a significanst effeckt on increasing community welfare, the Smart Indonesia PIP Program is a factor that distributes Welfare in thees education sectors. This statement is reinforced by the resuls of a simple lineare regressiont test, namely. Thes variable for increasing community welfare is 15,786. The PIP regression coefficient is 0.694, which means that for every 1% addetion the PIP value will increase by 0.694. The regressiont coefficienst has a positife formulation, therefore it is stated that the directions of influensce off variable X on Y is in the same direction. Average correlation or alias relationship, because the value is. Then, it influences the coefficient value, based on the table in the first paragraph in chapter 4.2.1, it is 0.482 or 48.2%, so of the PIP variable on increasing community welfare is 0.482 or 48.2% and the influence affects other variables, some of which are not tested in this study. Keyword: Smart Indonesia Program, Community Welfare, Islamic Economy

THE EFFECT OF ALCOHOLISM ON THE DESTRUCTION OF RELATIONSHIP VALUES

The paper examines the impact of alcoholism on the values of family relationships and highlights the destructive consequences of alcohol abuse. The paper uses qualitative research methods and focuses on two distinct groups: middle-aged women from well-off families and children from children's homes who have experienced alcoholism from a family member. The paper reveals the pervasive consequences of parental alcohol abuse, such as low self-esteem, emotional instability and difficulties in establishing and maintaining healthy relationships. The findings highlight the urgent need for greater awareness and prevention efforts regarding the broader social and familial impacts of alcohol consumption. This research contributes to the understanding of relational dynamics in families affected by alcoholism.

Research on the well-off family education investment under the Policy of Double Reduction

Chinese education is like a large competitive game in the past time, with a lot of over-step learning and pre-emptive education increasing the extra —curricular pressure on primary and secondary school students day by day.In 2021, the national "double reduction" policy was implemented, and in 2022, the "Family Education Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China" was introduced. With the combined effect of "one government, one law", the status and role of family education have become more prominent, so it is of great practical significance to understand the education investment behavior of Chinese families. Therefore, this study is a case study of three students and their families from different schools in Weifang, Shandong Province in China. Through semi-structured interviews, this paper discusses the educational investment of well-off families after the implementation of the double reduction policy. The results show that art-related learning content dominates the education expenditure of well-off families after the implementation of the double-reducing policy, while cultural tutoring decreases. Becasue of (a)parents mainly want to cultivate their children's interests and hobbies or provide guidance for weak subjects; (b)the lack of understanding of the double reduction policy, leading to parents and students blindly follow the trend, increasing the pressure of students and parents' anxiety. This study focuses on the feelings of students and parents after the implementation of the double reduction policy, and attaches importance to the problems arising after the implementation of the policy. The findings are helpful to provide reference for future research on the educational investment of wealthy families after the implementation of the double reduction policy.

The Review of Affirmative Action for the Inclusive Civil Service of Nepal

This article examines the executing effects of affirmative action for the inclusive civil service of Nepal. Affirmative action is part of a broader social inclusion agenda introduced after the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) signed in 2006. The reservation system as a tool of affirmative action has been performing its role, which has been adopted since 2007, after the second amendment of the Civil Service Act, 1993. This article employed the descriptive research design based on the systematic review of secondary data for the analysis. In a nation like Nepal, it can be challenging to implement affirmative action successfully since it includes challenging redistributive behaviors and welfare societal norms as well as centuries-old discrimination that is reinforcing every day. The construction of target groups in affirmative action based on social categories as indicators of discrimination leads to debate regarding its good intentions. Two unintended implications arise from this: firstly, affirmative action can foster inter-group differences and polarization between targeted and non-targeted groups, potentially fueling discrimination and resentment. Secondly, there is a risk of overlooking inequalities within social groups, as observed in Nepal's civil service positions, where reserved spots may be filled by relatively well-off families, neglecting economically disadvantaged individuals. These unintended consequences highlight the complexity of affirmative action and emphasize the need for careful consideration and evaluation to address potential drawbacks and ensure fairness and inclusivity.

The Influence of Family Factors on Students Choice of Major

The family factors have a crucial influence on the choice of occupations. The present study analyzed the family factors through a combination of qualitative and quantitative research. Methods used in the present study were the professional disposition research method and Colaizzis qualitative research method. The study showed that students from better-off families had clear preferences for humanities and social sciences majors, while children from less well-off families had to give priority to such issues as income and tuition fees. The analysis of the qualitative study found that at this stage, different genders were more significantly influenced by family factors, with female being more impacted by family factors than male. This study suggests that future research on students professional choices should pay attention to family factors. Concerning the family environment, this study illustrates its significant role in students choice of major and their future development. Parents should choose a more suitable major for their students based on the family background and the students interests.

Impact of private tutoring for university admission and subsequently on students' academic results

PurposeEducation can be classified into formal and informal sectors—the first category as a regular schooling system and the latter category as private tutoring. After completing secondary education, students in many countries receive education from private tutoring to get admission into the university. This study examines the effect of private tutoring on university admission and subsequent students' academic achievement at the university level.Design/methodology/approachUsing survey data from Bangladesh as a case study, this study employs a two-stage least squares (2SLS) methodology.FindingsConsidering that coaching centers offer services such as private tutoring, this study finds that an informal education for admission greatly helps academic achievement. Students who benefit from informal schooling are more likely to achieve higher grades in subsequent programs.Originality/valueThis study strongly suggests that formal education at the secondary school level is unable to meet the academic expectations that are demanded at the tertiary level. This forces the development of private tutoring, which supports the students from more financially well-off families to perform well at the cost of educational disparity.

Integration of Fuzzy C-Means and SAW Methods on Education Fee Assistance Recipients

Every year, UMTAS gets a quota for KIP tuition fee assistance provided by KEMDIKBUD. This program is intended for high school / vocational/equivalent graduates from poor and vulnerable families. The evaluation results of its implementation have problems, including the number of applicants exceeding the quota given by KEMDIKBUD and some applicants coming from well-off families. This research uses the fuzzy c-means method for data clustering and the SAW method for ranking. The results of data grouping using the fuzzy c-means method obtained the first cluster (C1) of 72 data and the second cluster (C2) of 119 data. Group C1 is closer to the provisions of aid recipients (eligible) compared to data group C2 (ineligible) because Data C1 consists of 100% DTKS recipients, 50% KIP and KKS card owners, 100% parental income <750,000, 40.28% parental dependents >=2 people and 29.17% applicants with achievements. 72 registrant data included in Data C1 are then ranked using the SAW technique to get weights, and 30 data with the highest weight will be used as a decision on recipients of KIP-Kuliah Education fee assistance according to the quota provided. The optimization of Fuzzy C-Means with SAW methods in selecting recipients of education fee assistance is objective and right on target.

The Effects of Campus Shootings on School Finance and Student Composition

AbstractBetween 1999 and 2018, 210 shootings have occurred on public school campuses in the United States. The increased need for security and student support may crowd out instructional resources post-shooting. Shootings may also cause students, especially those from socioeconomically advantaged backgrounds, to move away, leading to declines in enrollment. Both changes in the budget allocation and the student composition could exert a negative impact on achievement. First, we examine the effects of campus shootings on public school districts’ revenue, expenditure, debt, and staffing using a long panel of district-year data. Results from event study and difference-in-differences analyses indicate that shootings increase per-pupil spending by $248, which is funded primarily through increased federal transfers. Most spending increases occur in noninstructional functions, such as pupil support services, and capital projects, but they do not crowd out instructional spending. Using school-level data, we show that shootings are followed by a decline in enrollment, driven almost exclusively by reductions in students who do not receive free or reduced-price lunch. Private schools in the area also experience enrollment drop. In sum, despite the increased intergovernmental transfers, campus shootings reduce the desirability of the community and lead to the exit of relatively well-off families.

What you think is a joke is actually cyberbullying: The effects of ethical dissonance, event judgment and humor style on cyberbullying behavior

This study examines the roles that gender, family economics, ethical dissonance, event judgment, and humor style play in cyberbullying. This cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey, and 360 Chinese college students participated. The results show that boys have more cyberbullying (flaming) experience than girls and are more likely to use aggressive humor in daily life; girls feel more ethical dissonance than boys in denigration events, are more likely to correctly judge this as bullying, and more often use self-enhancing humor. Students from well-off families are more likely to use affiliative humor than students from moderate and disadvantaged financial situations; students from moderate and well-off families are more likely to correctly identify denigration as bullying behavior than students from economically disadvantaged families; and students from economically disadvantaged families perceive a higher level of ethical dissonance in flaming events. In addition, the variables were correlated with each other to a certain extent and significantly jointly predicted the three types of cyberbullying behaviors; event judgment and aggressive humor were the common predictors.

Сравнительный анализ характеристик социальной адаптации и сформированности социальных навыков у младших школьников из социально благополучных семей и семей «группы риска»

Introduction. The modern Russian education system is dominated by the attitude to consider non-adaptive aspects of the child’s behavior in the context of the problem. Meanwhile, it can be presented in a different way: in the aspect of insufficient development of certain social skills in a child. It is important to diagnose the presence of these shortcomings and resolve them at primary school age. Of particular relevance is the study of the social skills of children from dysfunctional families and families of the “risk group”. Theoretical analysis. In theoretical terms, the behavioral and psychological problems of younger students are considered in the context of insufficient development of their social skills. Mastering the latter, teaching correct behavior, we regard as a way to resolve the problems that a child has. Empirical analysis. The paper summarizes the results of an empirical study of the characteristics of social adaptation, the structure and level of formation of social skills of younger schoolchildren (N = 65), from families of the “risk group” (M = 8.65 years; N = 31) and children from socially well-off families (M = 9.81 years; N = 34). Social skills were studied using B. Furman’s methodology; features of the child’s socio-psychological adaptation – using the methodology of E. M. Aleksandrovskaya. Conclusion. Statistically significant differences were revealed in terms of indicators of social adaptation (goal-setting, moral and ethical readiness, behavior outside the classroom, relationships with classmates, attitude towards the teacher, emotional well-being) and indicators of the formation of a number of individual social skills of children from families of the “risk group” and children of the control group. The similarity of indicators of general group skills in two groups of younger schoolchildren was found. The applied aspect of the problem under study is related to the possibility of using the results in the development of psychological work programs with younger students.

Academic self- concept, self-esteem and school attitudes in pre and mid adolescents: gender, SES and parenting

ABSTRACT Children undergo significant changes as they enter secondary school, a time during which their social and academic self-concept is fluid and the pressures to adjust and show positive attitudes and behaviours are intense. Utilising data from the Millennium Cohort Study (Waves 4 and 5) the purpose of this study was two-fold: to examine longitudinal changes in academic self-concept, self-esteem and school attitudes in pre and mid adolescents through the lenses of gender and SES; and to trace the unique and cumulative effects of SES, gender and parenting on academic self-concept, self-esteem and school attitudes in 14- year-olds. The findings showed that academic self-concept, self-esteem and positive school attitudes decreased considerably between the ages of 11 and 14, and that girls rated themselves lower in self-esteem and school attitudes than did boys. The observed drop in academic self-concept was sharper in 14-year-olds from economically less well-off families. Parent behaviour and practices and the home learning environment contributed significantly to 14-year-olds’ school attitudes, self-esteem and self-concept. These findings have implications for developing school policies that support self-esteem especially during the first years of secondary education.

Do high-income households ‘label’ family cash benefits? Evidence on family expenditures from Australia

This study examines family expenditures and how they respond to the provision of family cash transfers, particularly among higher-income families. Naming cash benefits with explicit reference to ‘families’ or ‘children’ can nudge households into labelling the extra cash for financial investments in children. Labelling has mainly been assessed among lower-income families. Yet if also higher-income families engage in labelling, there could be unintended consequences on the often stark disparities in child-related investments across the socio-economic divide.Drawing on 2006–2019 data from Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA), the study relies on reforms to Australia's Family Tax Benefit to ‘reveal’ expenditure responses among higher-income families via an instrumented difference-in-differences design. Higher-income households seem to earmark a family cash transfer for children's clothing but not for children's education fees, while they also assign money to adult clothing. Lower-income households, differently, seem to engage in more clear-cut, child-oriented labelling, at the expense of adult-assignable goods. Family cash transfers can nudge households into spending more money on their children across the socioeconomic divide, but not necessarily homogeneously so. Providing more well-off families with modest transfers might thus have limited perverse effects on inequality in family expenditures.

KNOWLEDGE OF FEMALE ADOLESCENTS ABOUT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN SOUTH-WESTERN REGION OF BANGLADESH

This study assesses the level of knowledge on reproductive health (RH) of female adolescents and to identify the determinants of their know-how about RH in south-western Bangladesh. One hundred and sixteen female adolescents were selected randomly through household listing from two areas of Khulna and Bagerhat Districts, Boyra and Palerhat, respectively. A pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule, containing three modules on socio-demographic, economic and knowledge of reproductive health, was used. Findings indicate that the participants, with an average 16 years of age and 10 years of schooling, were mostly unmarried. Yet, they have shown extensive knowledge about reproductive health issues, including puberty, safe sex, contraceptives, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and gendered dimensions. However, their level of knowledge about reproductive health varies with their age, year of schooling, living arrangement as well as residence. Surprisingly, religion and marital status were found not associated with their knowledge. In contrast, having an elder sister with secondary or higher education was positively associated with participants’ knowledge about reproductive health. In addition, parental education and income also had a positive influence on participants’ knowledge. In general, RH knowledge among female adolescents from rural areas and from low income families were found low compared to the urbanites with relatively well-off families. Therefore, we strongly suggest to address as well as to integrate reproductive health education as well as demands of the adolescents, especially, female, into national policies.

FAKTOR PENYEBAB KELUARGA MAMPU MENERIMA BANTUAN PROGRAM KELUARGA HARAPAN (PKH) DI NAGARI ALAHAN NAN TIGOKECAMATAN ASAM JUJUHAN KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA

PKH assistance is one form of assistance aimed at underprivileged communities to be able to help improve their lives, but a lot of this assistance that is obtained is not in accordance with its target. Where people who can afford it also get help. This is of course not in accordance with the applicable provisions relating to the terms of the beneficiary. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that cause families to be able to receive the Family Hope Program (PKH) assistance from Nagari Alahan Nan Tigo, Asam Jujuhan District, Dharmasraya Regency. The theory used in this study is the theory of functional structure proposed by Robert K. Merton. The research was conducted in Nagari Alahan Nan Tigo, Asam Jujuhan District, Dharmasraya Regency. This study used qualitative research methods with descriptive research type. Withdrawal of informants is done by purposive sampling technique, with the informants are well-off families who receive assistance. The data collection method in this study begins with observation, interviews, and document studies. Data analysis was carried out in several stages, namely, data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results showed that there were several factors that caused capable families to also receive PKH assistance (Program Keluarga Harapan) in Nagari Alahan Nan Tigo, Asam Jujuhan District, Dharmasraya Regency, including 1) Relationship between PKH recipients and data collection officers 2) lack of understanding of PKH recipients on the use of aid.

Tamil Songs of Mourning: Understanding the Reflection of Times in Oppari Songs.

Oppari-the folksong of Tamil Nadu and North-Eastern parts of Sri Lanka, is known as the Tamilsong of mourning. The practice of women singing oppari is prevalent in the suburban and rural spaces of Tamil Nadu. They form a circle, weep, beat their chest, wail and jump on the beats of Parai (single-sided drum) music on the death of a member of a family as reported by Srinivas (Oppari: An art of Weeping, Wailing and Lamenting, 2019). The women in the region express their grief over the death of their beloved with the lyrics of oppari songs. Of late, professional oppari singers, including both female and male, have been invited to rural and urban Tamil Nadu on the death of a member in the well-off families to mourn for the deceased person. This distinctively South Indian genre of weeping songs has evolved with time. The lyrics of the oppari songs have been blended with the essence of the periodical changes. The content, context, and presentation of the oppari songs have been playing important roles to reflect the makeovers of times. This study attempts to understand the reflection of times in the lyrics of oppari songs by assiduously employing semiotic analysis. The analysis of the words of the content, context indicated and presentation of subject, period, and expression in lyrics of the oppari songs has been made in the paper. The analysis of three oppari songs gives some significant ideas about the different times of history.

Perceived academic satisfaction level, psychological stress and academic risk among Indian students amidst COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundThe Covid-19 pandemic has a significant impact on education and mental health outcomes. This study attempts to analyze the factors associated with academic satisfaction level, psychological stress/anxiety, and future academic risk among Indian students of higher education in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. MethodsAn online survey was conducted through a structured questionnaire among students of higher education. Multivariate ordered logistic regression models were performed to find out the predictors of perceived academic satisfaction level, psychological stress, and academic risk among the participants. ResultsAmong the 630 participants, the majority of the students (73%) had low to moderate levels of academic satisfaction. Over two-thirds of participants (68%) had a high level of stress and nearly two-fifths (38%) of the participants felt very high risk in their academic career. The multivariate logistic regression models show that the likelihood of psychological stress and academic risk was significantly higher among students aged above 25 years, researchers, and those who belong to broken families. Besides, the higher probability of satisfaction level is associated with female students, undergraduates, belonging to economically well-off families, and rural residents. ConclusionOur study suggests that the Covid-19 pandemic leads to a range of psychological health problems. Therefore, increase students’ satisfaction with online classes and it is essential to preserve the mental health of individuals and to develop psychological interventions that can improve the mental health of students during the Covid-19 pandemic.

How do traditional media access and mobile phone use affect maternal healthcare service use in Bangladesh? Moderated mediation effects of socioeconomic factors.

Exposure to traditional media (TV, radio, and newspapers) and the use of mobile as an interpersonal communication tool allow for a variety of information provision. The purpose of this study is to investigate how women's media and mobile access affect maternal health service (MHS) utilization. The study also aims to look into the moderated mediation effects of socioeconomic variables on the association mentioned above. The study analyzed reproductive and media data of 5,011 ever-married women extracted from the latest nationally representative Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. Hierarchical logistic regression and moderated mediation analysis are performed to determine the association. Only 26.9% of women used mobile for health service use, while more than 55% had media access. Media access is significantly associated with all three types of MHS use; mobile usage also has a significant association with antenatal and delivery care. When women have both access to media and mobile, the likelihood of delivering in a health facility increased by 1.82 times (AOR: 1.82, 95%CI: 1.51, 2.20) which is slightly better than having access to only one type of media channel. Women's education, household wealth, place of residence, religion, and current working status are among the socioeconomic factors associated with access to media and mobile. Women's education mediates the relationship of media and MHS; however, the mediation effect of women (β: .45; LLCI: .21, ULCI: .68) on the association of media and place of delivery is seen to be moderated by household wealth. Women who belong to well-off families moderates positively (Effect: .33, 95%CI: .27, .40) the education effect of media and where to deliver. Place of residence, another moderator, significantly moderates (Effect: .09, BootLLCI: .02, BootULCI: .16) the mediation effect of women's education on the association of media and antenatal care visits; women living in urban areas seems to have positively moderated the education effects on the mentioned association. Provision of media access and mobile use indicate better utilization of MHS in Bangladesh, and women's education mediates these relationships via the influence of household wealth and area of residence. Therefore, while planning interventions to increase MHS use, its relationships with the media and mobile use should be extrapolated. The collective use of these channels could be a catalyst for the success of health promotion initiatives to improve women's health behaviors, build community capacity, and create mass awareness that supports the optimal use of MHS in Bangladesh.