Well-known Politician Research Articles

КОРПУС-БАЗОВАНИЙ АНАЛІЗ КОНЦЕПТУ ФРАНЦІЯ

The article focuses on a corpus-based analysis of the concept FRANCE. The analysis of concepts through the lens of corpus linguistics allows us to determine the general perception of a particular reality. Given the current political context and the development of diplomatic relationships, the concept FRANCE becomes significant and requires analysis. As the material for our study, we chose the corpus of Ukrainian language GRAK. General Regionally Annotated Corpus of Ukrainian (GRAC) is a large representative collection of texts in Ukrainian accompanied by a program that enables customization of subcorpora, searching words, grammatical forms and their combinations as well as post-processing of the query results. For this analysis, journalistic and literary texts dated from 1991 to 2022 were selected. The lexeme “France”, representing the concept FRANCE, appeared 189,178 times in GRAK between 1991 and 2022 with the majority of occurrences found in journalistic texts. Besides, other lexical representatives of the concept FRANCE were analyzed, such as “French”, “Paris”, “France”. The article pays particular attention to the contexts in which the concept FRANCE is realized. Ten main thematic groups related to the concept FRANCE were identified and analyzed: FRANCE – PRESTIGE; FRANCE – REFUGE; FRANCE – HISTORY; FRANCE – LAW; FRANCE – POLITICS; FRANCE – LANGUAGE; FRANCE – ECONOMY; FRANCE – SPORT; FRANCE – FOOD; FRANCE – STYLE. Key adjectives and verbs that verbalize the concept FRANCE in the corpus were found. These words often evoke images of well-known politicians and the names of European countries. Moreover, crucial collocates were determined. Thirty collocates representing the lexeme France were identified: Germany, Macron (Emmanuel), Francois (Hollande), President, Italy, Britain, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Spain, Merkel, Sarkozy, Championship, Leaders, Paris, Ambassador, Team, Elections, PSG, Finance, Embassy, Canada, Government, Lady, Great, Match, Ukraine, Protests, Authority, Visit. These collocates predominantly align with themes of politics, international relations and sports. The extensive usage of the concept FRANCE in Ukrainian corpus indicates a strengthening of political relations between Ukraine and France.

Rhetoric among Prominent Politicians Excerpts from Yar’adua and Rimi’s Speeches

This article attempts to investigate how politicians used their rhetoric to influence their audiences by examining the specific types of speech rhetoric. Though they employ various of rhetorical speeches when delivering their manifestos. It thus seeks to assess the effectiveness of Speech Act Theory as a framework for analysing the speeches of Alhaji Umar Musa Yar Adua and Alhaji Abubakar Rimi in order to gain a better understanding of their political purposes. The significant events, conflicts, and challenges that the Nigerian people face while their politicians are in office are thought to have a significant impact on the types of speech acts produced in their speeches to make their points clear. This article employs a linguistic taxonomy of rhetorical speech acts based on Aristotle's theory of rhetoric. It provides a method for categorizing speech acts in order to reveal the linguistic and political premise of two well-known politicians' speeches, which stand in for significant events in Nigerians' lives. The findings of the analysis show that socio-political events in the country have a significant impact on the types of speech acts delivered by these two politicians. This is also resulting in their speeches with varying goals of encouraging voters to cast their votes on them for them to win elections.

Graça Machel: the First Lady – and Much More

The vast and diverse gallery of portraits of the First Ladies of African countries contains many bright personalities. Many of them remained socially active even after their spouses’ death or retirement. One of such positive examples is Mrs. Graça Machel, a well-known politician and stateswoman of Mozambique, the only woman in modern history who was the First Lady of two countries – Mozambique (1975–1986) and South Africa (1998–1999). A participant in the struggle for the independence of Mozambique and the first woman-minister after the proclamation of its independence, she became its First Lady but continued to work in the government, contributing to the development of the education system. After her husband’s tragic death Mrs. G. Machel continued her social activities and became a recognized activist in the struggle for the rights of women and children. She did not remain in the shadow of her second husband Mr. Nelson Mandela, President of South Africa. This African lady is an active advocate for gender equality. Her many years of active social work acknowledged with many international awards have given an additional impetus to the development of the activity of African women in their struggle for gender equality in all spheres of public and political life.

A Comparative Corpus-Based Study on the Political Discourse of the U.S. Presidents: Obama and Trump

Abstract The aim of this research is to analyze the political discourse and the language they used in public addresses provided by two former presidents of the United States, specifically, President Barak Obama and President Donald Trump. This research reflects on the material that has been collected for several months which aimed to contribute on the analysis of the corpus, distinctions and similarities, as well as their attitudes towards the public opinion. The objectives of this study are mainly empirical and theoretical. Considering the empirical objectives, this study seeks to explore, identify and categorize the most used words in a political speech according to the categories, form, function and meaning, whereas, the theoretical objectives of this study are to provide a description of the language that is used in major events from well-known politicians when aiming to capture people’s attention. Their rhetorical habits were examined, in every delivery of Mr. Obama’s political speech; his speeches were carefully and well-articulated throughout his 8 year political service in the oval office, portraying him as a kind person. On the other hand, Mr. Trump’s, as a non-politician, more as a businessman, political speeches throughout his campaign and 4 years in the office were very often seen as aggressive, unforeseen, and nonetheless straight to the point. This study covers the linguistic level analysis as well as semantic and pragmatic levels. Initially, the selected corpora were analyzed using the Ant Conc software regarding frequency of usage and then move into detailed analysis.

Бакинский период в деятельности Левона Мирзояна – первого руководителя Казахской ССР

This article is devoted to the famous political and party figure LevonIsaevich Mirzoyan, who held high public positions in several regions of the USSR, particularly in the Azerbaijan SSR; the Ka-zakh ASSR transformed into a union republic under his leadership, the successor of which is the modern Republic of Kazakhstan. In recent years, under the influence of biased politicians and his-torians, the activities of a well-known politicians, thanks to whom an incredible civilizational leap of the people, who had previously wandered through the boundless Asian expanses for thousands of years, have been falsified and his services to Kazakhstan and its people have been forgotten. Other people’s atrocities are attributed to him, against which he fought. Of course, the activities of the Republican leadership in the late 30s were not without the stamp of the brutal Stalinist era of the Great Turning Point.

Zashchita nacional'noj bezopasnosti v Azerbajdzhane kak neobhodimyj faktor obshchestvennoj politiki

The article analyzes the concept of national security of the Republic of Azerbaijan, including domestic and foreign policy, protection of national interests in the economic, food, environmental, information, religious and cultural spheres. Key legal and regulatory documents in the field of national security, as well as the views of well-known politicians and political scientists are considered.

Making Sense of Leadership Language: An Analysis of Mr. Imran Khan’s Spoken Political Discourse

Language has variety of roles in the lives of human beings. It speaks volumes about how someone uses language and makes it distinct from one culturally diverse person to another. Language in this sense plays a crucial role in determining how and what individuals say and, in turn, such language use in the political discourse will be reflected upon by others, positively or negatively. Politicians within any system, often depends on the language to assert power, persuade and convince people of their ideologies. This paper considers the language used by the Former Prime Minister of Pakistan, Mr. Imran Khan as demonstrated in his spoken political discourse. More specifically, it attempted to analyse the language as used by a well-known politician and leader. The study holds qualitative analysis of Mr. Imran Khan’s spoken political discourse to interpret Imran Khan’s word choices to reflect his intention in a political realm. For sure, it can convince and persuade people in believing particular desire, ideology or even action. For this purpose, Imran Khan during his leadership locally and internationally were analysed based on the theoretical framework of Fairclough's three-dimensional model. The study reveals several findings including Mr. Imran’s linguistic and rhetorical strategies in demonstrating his leadership in Pakistan and abroad.

ON THE INTERACTION OF EURO PARTIES WITH PARTIES FROM THE EASTERN PARTNERSHIP COUNTRIES. PART 2

The article analyzes the results of cooperation of one of the leading pan-European political organizations – the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) with its partners in the countries participating in the Eastern Partnership program (Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine), with which ALDE has established cooperation and even accepted to become its members. The profiles of these organizations and their leaders were studied, including the results of their participation in national parliamentary, presidential and local elections, as well as interaction with other political forces of their countries to form electoral and ruling coalitions. Information is provided on when these parties became members of ALDE and what status they have today in this European Party. The main provisions of the program documents of these parties, which reflect their pro-European choice, are given. A number of resolutions adopted by the ALDE Council, which is the main governing body of this party, were considered, which concerned the situation in the countries participating in the Eastern Partnership program and the support of their partner parties. It is shown how ALDE’s strategy regarding cooperation with parties from the Eastern Partnership member countries has changed depending on the results of their participation in parliamentary and presidential elections. It is noted that ALDEэs initial bet on cooperation with the former heads of these states, or well-known politicians, and the parties headed by them did not justify itself in Armenia, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine. It is assumed that ALDE has recently changed its policy and is now betting on new parties led by young pro-European-oriented politicians, but it is not yet clear whether such a change in the paradigm of cooperation will justify itself

TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN REPRODUCING THE EXPRESSIVE MEANS OF PUBLIC POLITICAL SPEECH: PECULIARITIES AND TECHNIQUES

The paper considers the peculiarities of the application of translation strategies in reproducing the expressive potential of modern samples of the political speech genre in their specific national and linguistic variants. Political speech, which aims at embodying a certain ideological influence, will be effective if it combines rational and emotional elements. Speeches by politicians are usually expressive. Expressive political speech produces the most intended effect on the audience, its purpose is to increase the influence of what is said by the speaker and the presence of expressive function in political speeches is almost mandatory. When translating speeches of well-known politicians, the translator is interested in a certain choice of language means because the taget text should influence the foreign audience in the same way as the original own. Metaphorical utterances and phraseological units are important elements of a political speech that cause difficulties in translation. In order to transfer the expressive function in the translation of metaphors, the translator resorts to a number of stylistic modifications, transformations in which instead of the units belonging to one stylistic register, the units belonging to another one are used. Expressiveness in the speeches of the English-speaking politicians is also achieved through the use of not only metaphor but also metonymy, antithesis, epithet, hyperbole, litotes and lexical repetition. Among the types of lexical repetition anadiplosis, anaphora, epiphora and symploce are considered in the paper. When choosing a translation strategy, it is necessary to take into account the linguistic and cultural features of American rhetoric, the reaction of recipients, as well as the political situation in the country.
 

Соціальні та політичні процеси в державі в дзеркалі громадської думки

Based on the survey data, the authors define the attitude of the Ukrainian population to the following components of modern Ukraine’s social and political processes as the state’s foreign policy; restriction of certain groups of citizens in the right to vote; an ecological situation in macro-regions of residence; and vaccination. The paper provides analysis of Ukrainians’ assessment of the political situation in the country and the level of tension in society. Potential behavioural reactions of Ukrainian citizens to dissatisfaction with socio-political processes in the country have been studied. The authors demonstrate data on the level of trust of Ukrainians at the end of 2021 to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, and the President of Ukraine V. Zelenskiy, the National Bank of Ukraine, political parties, national media, and well-known Ukrainian politicians.

Women and the Politics of Incivility and Discrimination: Introduction

Women and the Politics of Incivility and Discrimination: Introduction

Migrants, Refugees, and Asylum Seekers in Latin America

This edited volume presents a useful contribution to the migration history of Latin America, situated squarely in the transdisciplinary field of migration studies and following the equally interesting 2017 volume by two of the coeditors. As noted in the introduction, the volume seeks to move away from studies of specific ethnic groups—the editors criticize the homogenizing effects of approaches that project a false cohesion onto groups such as “the Italians” or “the Spanish”—and prefers a comparative perspective on national case studies. In this sense the volume's contributors seek to focus on the particularities of national host sites as well as the “diasporic perspective” of, say, Italians in Argentina and Brazil (pp. 3–4). Though the volume successfully fulfills this goal, this is not an entirely new approach; it goes back at least to works such as Fernando Devoto's Historia de la inmigración en la Argentina (2003) or Samuel Baily and Eduardo Míguez's Mass Migration to Modern Latin America (2003). One could also argue the reverse: that methodological nationalism keeps one from seeing the transnational aspects of migration, though this is not a trap that this volume's authors fall into.More originally, and in line with the contributors' previous work, the case studies themselves focus heavily on less studied migratory groups, particularly Jews, Palestinians, and Syrian Lebanese—no doubt a reflection of many of the authors' connections with Tel Aviv University—as well as Chinese and Japanese in Argentina. Though the editors insist rightly on the need to move beyond authors from a given ethnic group writing about their own history, this volume does not entirely escape this and includes a large number of Jewish authors writing about Jewish and Middle Eastern migrants (p. 4). Among the most fascinating chapters are the three that focus on inter-American migratory flows by addressing US immigrants in Costa Rica, Colombian women in Ecuador (many of whom received asylum), and the Franco-Brazilian borderlands. Indeed, these three cases highlight the need for further historical research in order to broaden the focus from the era of mass European migration to the Americas before the world wars and mass Latin American emigration to the north in the latter decades of the twentieth century.Though space does not allow for a summary of all the book's chapters, several themes stand out, including the ways in which gender shaped the migration experience (of Jews to Argentina at the beginning of the twentieth century and Colombians to Ecuador in the beginning of the twenty-first), the imagining of distant homelands after emigration, and the tensions between forces of discrimination and homogenization that pull migrants in different directions. As in many edited volumes, the comparisons between the different case studies are mostly implicit or tackled in the introduction and conclusion. The compelling chapters on Palestinian migration, for example, could have gained from comparisons with the experiences of immigrants from Italy and Spain, for example, who became Italian or Spanish by identifying with an “imagined homeland” (pp. 105–6). An exception is a particularly interesting chapter by Claudia Stern that analyzes Arab and Jewish integration in Chile through the lens of two well-known politicians who represented middle-class intellectuals' rise at the expense of traditional landed elites. The illuminating concluding essay, by Jürgen Buchenau and Jerry Dávila, exemplifies how migration studies can explore the limits of ideologies of mestizaje in Mexico and Brazil by illuminating such ideologies' nationalist, homogenizing, and exclusionist tendencies.I thoroughly enjoyed the volume, and all the chapters are informative, though it should be noted that the volume's title is a misnomer. The book does not analyze in depth refugees and asylum in Latin America. Though several of the chapters deal with the topics in passing, they are not the object of analysis and are not treated as objects of study. This perhaps points to a conceptual blind spot, in that the ethnic studies approach can in some cases overshadow the politics of exile. Though both are related, and the study of refugees and asylum clearly needs to be based on migration studies, a greater attention to the questions of asylum and legal status would have brought to light a different set of issues. This is particularly true given the prominence of recent asylum cases, such as those of Evo Morales and Julian Assange, which also—and perhaps not coincidentally—deal with inter-American politics. This in no way, however, takes away from an informative volume that makes a significant contribution to ethnic and migration studies in Latin America.

TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN REPRODUCING THE EXPRESSIVE MEANS OF PUBLIC POLITICAL SPEECH: PECULIARITIES AND TECHNIQUES

The paper considers the peculiarities of the application of translation strategies in reproducing the expressive potential of modern samples of the political speech genre in their specific national and linguistic variants. Political speech, which aims at embodying a certain ideological influence, will be effective if it combines rational and emotional elements. Speeches by politicians are usually expressive. Expressive political speech produces the most intended effect on the audience, its purpose is to increase the influence of what is said by the speaker and the presence of expressive function in political speeches is almost mandatory. When translating speeches of well-known politicians, the translator is interested in a certain choice of language means because the taget text should influence the foreign audience in the same way as the original own. Metaphorical utterances and phraseological units are important elements of a political speech that cause difficulties in translation. In order to transfer the expressive function in the translation of metaphors, the translator resorts to a number of stylistic modifications, transformations in which instead of the units belonging to one stylistic register, the units belonging to another one are used. Expressiveness in the speeches of the English-speaking politicians is also achieved through the use of not only metaphor but also metonymy, antithesis, epithet, hyperbole, litotes and lexical repetition. Among the types of lexical repetition anadiplosis, anaphora, epiphora and symploce are considered in the paper. When choosing a translation strategy, it is necessary to take into account the linguistic and cultural features of American rhetoric, the reaction of recipients, as well as the political situation in the country.

Legal Regulation of Expressing Opinions and Beliefs in Print Mass Media

The research is focused on the problems of legal regulation of expressing opinions and beliefs in print media. The scientific novelty of the research constitutes propositions on supplementing the Law of Ukraine “On Print Mass Media (Press) in Ukraine” with a new norm that would regulate the work of electronic pages of the print media. The constitutional right to free expression of opinions and beliefs can be exercised by disseminating certain concepts in the media. Ways of expressing one’s own opinions and concepts in the press have been determined. It has been stated that a public organization or a political party can spread own opinions by creating own printed publication. An interview with a well-known public figure or politician in order to publish the text of a conversation in the press is also one of the ways to spread one’s own worldview. Another form of expression of one’s beliefs is the publication of an article prepared by a public or political organization, a well-known person in a newspaper or magazine. The author has provided characteristics of the procedure for the foundation of the printed edition. Features of the legal status and activities of journalists to collect information about the opinions and beliefs of well-known people are also reflected in the work. The legal principles for the relationship between journalists, media owners and public figures in order to spread opinions and beliefs have been clarified. The problems of legal regulation of placement of printed mass media materials on the Internet have been outlined. The author has analyzed propositions of scholars on legal regulation of disseminating information on the Internet. Suggestions on amending the legislation regulating the activities of print media on the placement of press materials on the Internet have been formulated.

Legal Regulation of Spreading Opinions and Beliefs through TV Broadcasting

The research is focused on the problems of legal regulation of spreading opinions and beliefs through TV broadcasting. The scientific novelty of the research consists of the provisions on the need to amend the legislation on establishing the procedure for inspection and monitoring of television organizations by the National Council on Television and Radio Broadcasting. The author has studied legislative acts regulating the activity of mass media and works of scholars, where the peculiarities of the legal status of television organizations are covered. It has been stated that the constitutional right to free expression of one’s opinions and beliefs can be exercised through TV broadcasting. The legal basis for the activities of television organizations has been determined. The legal principles for the activities of journalists of television organizations have been clarified. Forms of disseminating one’s own views through television have been established. It has been emphasized that the creation of one’s own television organization by a citizen or a legal entity is the first way to spread opinions and beliefs. The participation of well-known politicians or public figures in television programs has been recognized as a separate form of disseminating the relevant concepts to a wide audience. At the same time, broadcasting an interview given by a well-known public or political figure to the TV channel’s journalists is an important method of disseminating the relevant information. Legal restrictions on the dissemination of certain information by television have been defined. It has been stated that the right to information may be limited by law in the interests of national security, territorial integrity or public morality. The general characteristics of monitoring and supervisory powers of the National Council on Television and Radio Broadcasting have been provided. The author has formulated propositions for amending the current legislation regulating the activities of the National Council on Television and Radio Broadcasting.

ZAKI VALIDI TOGAN: PAST AND PRESENT

Human life fits into the philosophical categories of space and time. Time inexorably weeds out everything material, leaving only names and returning them to the space in which they lived and created. Former Persona non grata in the USSR, Zaki Validi Togan is now widely recognized as a world-renowned orientalist. He made a great contribution to the study of the history and ethnography of the Turkic-speaking peoples of Russia, but a special place in his work is occupied by an interest in the historical fate of the Bashkir, Kazakh and Nogai peoples. In the past, he is an equally well-known politician, statesman, founder of the first autonomous republic of Bashkortostan in Russia. This article is an attempt to consider some episodes of the multifaceted activities of Zaki Validi Togan through the prism of modern approaches to his era.

ПРОСВІТНИЦЬКА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ЯК НАРІЖНА ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-МЕТОДИЧНА ЗАСАДА ФІЛОЛОГІЧНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ СТУДЕНТІВ ЛЬВІВСЬКОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ (ХІХ – ПОЧАТОК ХХ СТ.)

History of formation and development of Ukrainian philological education in Western Ukraine in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries is associated with the Jan Kazimierz University of Lviv. The Rus Trinity founders, M. Shashkevych, Ya. Holovatskiy, I. Vahylevych and other well-known writers and scholars, who stood at Ukrainophile positions and created first textbooks in Rusyn language, advocated the introduction of Ukrainian phonetic spelling and greatly contributed into this process. In the second half of the XIX century within the Faculty of Philosophy (Department of Philology) of Jan Kazimierz University of Lviv, significant changes are taking place in the language training of students: emphasis is placed on comparative linguistics, study of Slavic languages (Polish, Bulgarian, Old Slavonic and Czech), Romance languages (this was facilitated by the creation of appropriate departments), as well as Oriental languages (Hebrew, Aramaic, Arabic, Babylonian, Sanskrit, Old Armenian (grabar)). Students of philology received a thorough language training, which was facilitated by a proper academic environment, a powerful philological school. The development of ethnography in Galicia was studied as a separate scientific field. The Ethnographic Society, created by the famous scientist A. Kalin, was of a complex nature. The end of the XIX century was marked by the creation of a special intellectual and cultural-educational academic environment. The next decade was a period of active search for Ukrainians to implement the idea of creating a Ukrainian university in Lviv. This was caused not only by well-known politicians, public figures, teachers, but also writers, scientists (members of NTSh), students (“Academic Brotherhood”, “Vatra”, “Academic Community”, etc.) of Lviv University. Public initiatives of Ukrainian students and teachers of Lviv University were of great importance for the establishment of the idea of national university education among Ukrainians. It created a good basis for the promotion of universities, helped with finding a model for creating and developing a “separate” Ukrainian university. It was implemented in 1921 when Ukrainian secret university in Lviv was established. The philological training of Ukrainian students under the conditions of the “University in the Catacombs” (1921–1925) needs further scientific research.

ИТОГИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТСКИХ ВЫБОРОВ 2021 В ИРАНЕ

This article analyzes the situation in Iran on the eve of the presidential elections of 2021. Preparations for the election campaign took place in the context of the deepening economic crisis caused by the US sanctions after their withdrawal from the JCPOA, as well as the pandemic of coronavirus. The deterioration of the material situation of the population led to a denial of confidence in liberal forces, an increase in the mood of hopelessness and their political indifference. The difficult situation was taken advantage of by conservative forces, which have managed to strengthen their position in power in recent years. The Guardian Council, having prevented a number of well-known politicians to participate in the elections, actually ensured the victory of the Head of the Judiciary, E. Raisi. The unprecedented low turnout indicates an increase in Iranians’ dissatisfaction with the Islamic regime, which has ignored the democratic foundations laid down by the constitution and strengthened theocratic principles.

Political Scandal and Public Figure

Indonesian society is familiar with the terms 'public figures' and 'celebrities', but the distinction is often not understood properly. The public's interest in content that focuses on entertainment, lifestyles, and gossip, as well as the presence of a media that facilitates such content, makes the process of 'celebrating' common. This process has resulted in the private space of public figures being transformed into objects of public consumption.Scandals are often quite popularly discussed among the public, especially when their subject is a public figure. However, studies of how scandals affect the public and its political behaviour have not been widely documented. In 2018, Indonesian news media began widely covering the divorce of well-known politician Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (BTP/Ahok) from his ex-wife Veronica Tan, and this brought questions of extramarital affairs to the surface in the midst of a heated local election atmosphere. This situation was divisive, and received various public responses. Previous studies have shown that scandals tend to negatively affect popular attitudes towards the politicians involved in them. In Indonesia, scandals have been common, widely recognised by the public, but their effects are never discussed in depth. Therefore, this study, which involved around 400 respondents, seeks to provide an overview of how the Indonesian public responds to politicians involved in scandals and how such scandals affect politicians' electability. The results of this study show that scandals do affect the public's political attitude, but not in the ways suggested by existing studies.

«Thanks to the Tatars – they are my main resource...» (The case of Gabidulla Kurbangaliev and the problem of cooperation between the leaders of the Black Hundred movement and right-wing figures among Muslims)

The article is devoted to the issues of cooperation of Muslim religious leaders with the leaders of the right-wing monarchist (Black Hundred) movement. As an example, the case of ishan Gabidulla Kurbangaliev (1859–1919) is considered, whose attorney was the well-known right-wing politician, lawyer Boris V. Nikolsky (1870–1919). Based on archival documents, in particular, the materials of this case, the author raises the question: Why were Muslims with right-wing views not seriously considered as ideological allies by the leadership of the Black Hundred movement?