Welfare To Work Research Articles

Third-country hiring: The case of Overseas Filipino Workers in Taiwan to Poland

This study explores the complexities of third-country serial labor migration among Filipino factory workers, specifically those moving from Taiwan to Poland—an activity deemed illegal by the Philippine government. Utilizing qualitative methods, the research conducts in-depth interviews with participants like Mae, Rick, and Justin, complemented by a key informant interview. The findings reveal a nuanced decision-making process, with participants expressing a desire for enhanced job conditions, contractual flexibility, and career advancement opportunities in Poland. Despite the Philippines' oversight and support for temporary migration, the practice of third-country hiring raises legal and ethical concerns. Without proper authorization from the Philippine government, recruiting workers through a third country is deemed illegal. To protect migrant workers, established procedures, including obtaining an Overseas Employment Certificate (OEC), are implemented to ensure lawful deployment. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse surrounding serial labor migration, providing valuable insights that can inform policy frameworks and practices aimed at enhancing the welfare and protection of migrant workers within the global labor market. Through analysis of the experiences and challenges faced by Filipino factory workers engaging in third-country migration, this research seeks to promote a deeper understanding of the complexities inherent in labor migration processes and advocate for measures to safeguard the rights and well-being of migrant workers worldwide.

A review of the injuries caused by occupational footwear.

Occupational footwear is intended to provide protection against the risks associated with work activities. The choice of footwear is complex due to the welfare, health and safety conditions of workers. To identify the injuries and problems caused by occupational footwear through a systematic review of the existing literature. A literature search was carried out in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Dialnet Plus, Pubmed, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science databases over the period 2000-23, following the PRISMA Declaration guidelines. A total of 27 studies were included in the review. The results indicated that there is a wide variety of injuries caused by occupational footwear: from dermal injuries (e.g. calluses) and injuries to the nail apparatus to inflammatory pathologies such as plantar fasciitis or bursitis. In addition, inappropriate footwear can cause pain in the ankle and foot, knees, hips and lower back. Other results include the discomfort derived from the footwear itself. Inappropriate footwear can cause injuries to the foot and other related bone structures. Further studies are needed on the detection of foot injuries caused by occupational footwear and the levels of action at this level to improve the worker's health, the adaptability of the footwear to the wearer, and the worker's comfort and adherence to the footwear.

Determination of Subcontractor Selection Criteria from the View of Occupational Health and Safety in the Construction Industry

Construction industry is characterized by labor-intensive workforces, subcontractor-based production, diverse activities, and related hazards. Given the commonality of contingent forms of contracting, the majority of construction work is carried out by subcontractors. Unlike main contractors, subcontractors are typically smaller or medium-sized companies. Their awareness, practice, and compliance with health and safety legislation can be problematic. Furthermore, establishing and implementing a safety management system for a specific project requires coordination and management of multiple subcontractors. In this paper, a model has been created for selecting the most suitable subcontractor through an evaluation of their occupational health and safety (OHS) management implementation. The selection criteria have been determined based on a literature review focused on OHS, followed by the development of a questionnaire that assesses the importance of the criteria with the support of five occupational safety experts. Three shopping mall projects were chosen for implementation based on expert evaluations using scores calculated through the Analytical Hierarchy Process. Importance rates for each criterion were calculated, allowing for the identification of the most significant subcontractor selection criteria. Fifteen on-site subcontractors were evaluated using the proposed method. The research suggests that in the absence of qualification-based selection criteria for subcontractors, unskilled personnel could be selected. Consequently, this could impede the safety oversight mechanism, the execution of OHS measures, as well as the mitigation and/or prevention of potential risks, while jeopardizing compliance with the applicable legislation throughout the project. Therefore, it is imperative to choose only competent subcontractors to guarantee the welfare of workers.

Issues and Difficulties Encountered by Unorganized Sectors: An Indian Perspective

"The unorganized sector of the economy encompasses household-based production processes as well as modest and minor sectors of industry. An unstructured sector refers to an economic sector characterized by a lack of consistency in terms of profits or gains. The manufacture of this item is restricted and it can only be produced to a specific geographical location. It necessitates a reduced workforce and capital expenditure. In the unorganised sector of the Indian economy, one can see arts and crafts, artisan jobs, khadi and rural sectors, including the handcrafted industry, beehive honey production, incense stick manufacturing, handmade paper creation, and matchbox businesses. The Indian government established the National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector (NCEUS) to act as a hub for resources for the unorganised sector. The primary goal is to improve the efficiency of small enterprises to provide a substantial amount of sustainable employment opportunities, particularly in rural regions. The Indian government has enacted laws and initiatives to support the growth of informal companies and enhance the welfare of workers in these industries. The Unorganised Workers Social Security Act of 2008 and the Unorganised Workers Social Security Rule of 2008, the Aam Admi Bheema Yojana, and the Rastriya Swasthya Bheema Yojana are the important aspects of this paper."

The effects of precipitation shocks on rural labour markets and migration

ABSTRACT The welfare of workers in rural areas is highly affected by agricultural output volatility, caused in part by weather shocks. A volatile source of income is an important factor in inducing migration. While the impact of rainfall shocks on migration is well studied, the channels through which these shocks affect migration are underexplored. In this paper we study the hypothesis that the labour market is an avenue that carries the effect of precipitation shocks on migration. This paper first establishes the effect of precipitation shocks on the labour market. We use individual-level data combined with station-based precipitation data of Iran at the rural-agglomeration level in a fixed-effects panel-data model to find that workers in agriculture and industry sectors decrease their hours of work in response to negative shocks. We then use a linear probability model to show that negative shocks almost double the probability of migration and labour-migration for young men in Iran. Estimations of this paper indicate that as unemployment rate in rural areas increases, migration out of those regions rises as well. Additionally, controlling for the local labour market conditions at origin captures the impact of shocks on migration, implying the labour market is a channel through which precipitation shocks affect migratory decisions.

Indonesian Government Policy Regarding Working Hours for Indonesian Female Migrant Workers Abroad in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era

Indonesia has been sending migrant workers since the 1970s and it is mostly dominated by women who work in the informal and low-skilled sectors such as domestic workers, child and elderly caretakers, or factory workers. The economic issue has become the biggest driving factor for these workers to work abroad, in addition to social and cultural factors. During the COVID-19 pandemic, migrant women experienced significant impacts, especially changes to increasingly longer working hours. This research aims to identify COVID-19 on Indonesian female migrant workers and produce policy recommendations that protect women's work rights. This research design is qualitative research with data collection methods through literature study and in-depth interviews with Indonesian female migrant workers abroad. Based on research results, during the pandemic many Indonesian migrant workers worked longer than the applicable standard working hours, approximately more than 15 hours per day. However, there are no clear rules or forms of protection that guarantee the welfare of Indonesian migrant workers by increasing working hours beyond the established standards.

Digitalised Welfare-to-work program in Indonesia: A Prelimenary Study of The Pre-Employment Card (PECP) and Job-Loss Insurances (JLI) Programs

Unemployment is a serious challenge facing many countries around the world, including Indonesia. The government plays a crucial role in addressing this issue by implementing effective welfare-to-work (WTW) policies. This study examines the implementation of Welfare-to-Work (WTW) reform in Indonesia through an examination of the Pre-Employment Card Program (PECP) and Job-Loss Insurance (JLI) on unemployment figures. This study examines the use of digitalization in the implementation of the two programs. The study was conducted using qualitative methods with semi-structured interviews with a total of 37 participants (14 policymakers from the Ministry of Manpower and the Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs, 17 training providers related to the PECP and 6 participants). Secondary data was collected from previous studies with a total of 846 respondents. This study finds that digitalization can weaken jobseekers' motivation to access the full implementation of the WTW policy. The provision of helpdesks is beneficial for individuals who face difficulties in accessing digital services, especially those living in urban areas. However, digitization may not effectively support those who are geographically marginalized.

Perlindungan Hukum Pekerja Terhadap Perjanjian Kerja

Introduction: Labor law guarantees that every worker has the right to a decent livelihood for humanity, one of which is realized in the form of wages and employers are prohibited from paying wages under the minimum wage provisions. This emphasizes the provision of legal protections for workers to ensure the fulfillment of workers' basic rights. However, in practice there are stillemployers who provide workers with wages below the minimum wage. Sothat workers have difficulty meeting their needs and workers' right to a decent livelihood for humanity is not achieved. Purposes of the Research: to find out and analyze the implementation of the employment agreement and the legal protection of workers against the employment agreement. Methods of the Research: This research uses the normative legal research method which is carried out by examining legal materials to answer the legal issues faced.Results of the Research: The results showed that the implementation of the employment agreement had met the requirements of the employment agreement, but the entrepreneur CV Gemilang Sukses defaulted on the wage element. Because, in the employment agreement, CV Gemilang Sukses employers promised to pay workers' wages according to the Ambon City Minimum Wage. However, in its implementation, it turns out that the entrepreneur CV Gemilang Sukses pays workers' wages below the Ambon City Minimum Wage. Then, the legal protection that workers can get from employment agreements is in the form of legal protection of workers for wages, work time, rest time and time off from working overtime, disabled workers, female workers, pregnant, childbirth, child labor, occupational safety and health, termination of employment, labor social security and morals, decency and treatment according to human dignity and dignity. . Such protection can be provided through preventive legal protections such as the creation of employment agreements and the filing of objections before signing employment agreements and through the protection of repressive laws, namely the establishment of efforts to resolve labor disputes. The existence of legal protection in order to ensure the fulfillment of the basic rights of workers, equalityvtreatment without discrimination for the realization of welfare for workers and their families, taking into account the progress of the business world and the interests of employers.

Informal workers in India as an economic shock absorber in the era of COVID-19: A study on policies and practices

BACKGROUND: With greater uncertainties and economic divides in Indian formal and Informal economies; the lockdown in its unprecedented ways severely knocked the crucial vulnerabilities of majorly the informal sector of the economy. METHODS: The study was conducted across the Indian population who have suffered from the bad impact of COVID-19 and the lockdown. The data collection process was conducted during the COVID-19 outbreak from June 2020 to October 2020. Multiple regression analysis and independent-sample t-test were applied to test the hypothesis. RESULTS: The study closely highlights the role of the government system towards non-government organizations those who played a crucial role in the welfare of the informal workers. The results suggest that the most affected group of people in the COVID-19 lockdown are the informal workers who were working on daily wages for their bread and butter. The government endeavor was also found significant in supporting the informal workers.

Effect of the farmer term of trade and farmworkers wages on rural unemployment and poverty in Indonesia

This study aims to determine the determinants of the welfare of agricultural sector workers who come from poor households in rural areas. The exchange rate of farmers and the wages of farm laborers will affect the level of employment in the agricultural sector, which in turn will affect the level of rural poverty. The methodology used in this study uses a panel data regression model with a recursive equation model. The best model for unemployment estimation is the random effect model, while the best model for poverty estimation is the fixed effect model. The results showed that the daily wage of farm laborers had a significant negative effect on unemployment. This may be due to the fact that higher wages will increase the number of workers who are willing to work in the agricultural sector, so unemployment will fall. While the unemployment variable has a significant positive effect on the level of rural poverty. The practical implication of these research findings is that to reduce poverty in rural areas, efforts from the government are needed to increase the wages of farm laborers, as the government sets minimum wages in the formal sector. The higher daily wages of agricultural laborers will attract unemployed people in villages to work in the agricultural sector.

Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Surabaya Karimunjawa

In an organization it is important to pay attention to all aspects related to human resources, this is because it is able to become an effort that moves every component in the organization's operations. BPJS Ketenagakerjaan as a public legal entity responsible for administering various Employment Social Security Programs for workers throughout Indonesia has an important role in realizing the welfare of workers. Therefore, through this research, we will measure the influence of work motivation and work environment provided by each permanent employee through performance results at BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Surabaya Karimunjawa. It should be noted that this study used a quantitative method with saturated sampling, where the samples taken were obtained from all members of the population contained therein. In this case it covers all permanent employees of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Surabaya Karimunjawa, totaling 34 permanent employees. In order to assist the data analysis process, this research uses validity, reliability, classical assumptions, multiple linear regression analysis, F test (simultaneous), t test (partial) and coefficient of determination test (R2). The results obtained stated that there was a simultaneous effect of the variables Work Motivation and Work Environment on the Performance of Permanent Employees of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Surabaya Karimunjawa. As for the partial effect, the results show that the variable Work Motivation has a partial positive and significant effect on the Performance of Permanent Employees of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Surabaya Karimunjawa. However, it does not have a partial and significant effect on the Work Environment variable

Analisis Beban Kerja dan Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia terhadap Efektifitas Kegiatan Stevedoring Petikemas di Pelabuhan

This study discusses the analysis of workload and human resource competencies on the effectiveness of container loading and unloading activities at the port. The research was conducted at Tanjung Priok Port, North Jakarta, using interview and observation methods. The results show that workload can affect loading and unloading activities at the port, and it is important for companies to consider these factors to maintain safety, worker welfare, productivity, and profitability. High-risk jobs require competence in teamwork, good communication, and specialized skills such as operating heavy equipment. Work motivation is also important to improve morale and efficiency. Companies need to provide training and support to workers to develop competencies and work motivation. Some work motivation factors include work safety, efficiency, labor, and job satisfaction. Many studies have been conducted on competence and performance in various fields, including in ports. Training, supporting activities, and additional time off are some of the ways companies can increase work motivation.

Evaluating the Interrelationships of Industrial 5.0 Development Factors Using an Integration Approach of Fermatean Fuzzy Logic

The maturation of the Industry 4.0 concept has brought numerous benefits to human society. However, it is not without its challenges, including neglect of worker welfare, vulnerability of global supply chains, and environmental degradation. To enhance the adaptability of the Industry 4.0 concept, Industry 5.0 has been developed. As of now, the practical implementation of Industry 5.0 has not yet been fully realized. This paper presents a novel conceptual framwork to analyze and evaluate the complex interrelationships of development factors in Industrial 5.0. Through extensive literature review and prolonged interviews with experts, three critical dimensions and their 18 key factors for the development of Industry 5.0 have been identified. Herein, a combination of Fermatean Fuzzy sets (FFs) and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) has been employed to discern the interrelationships among these factors, and an Influential Network Relationship Map (INRM) has been constructed to aid decision-makers in formulating improvement strategies. The results indicate that “Sustainable Development” is the most influential dimension, with factors “Renewable Energy,” “Data-Driven Analysis Technologies,” and “Distributed Control” emerging as the most significant factors within their respective dimensions.

POSITION STATEMENT: Pass the RESTORE (Re-entry Support Through Opportunities for Resources and Essentials) Act.

Under the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), current federal policy mandates a lifetime ban for individuals with a past felony drug conviction from receiving Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) benefits. Denying nutritional and financial assistance to individuals with a past felony conviction will widen existing structural health inequities, set back individuals' successful re-entry into society, and contribute to recidivism and poorer health outcomes. Therefore, the Society of Behavioral Medicine supports the RESTORE ACT (Re-Entry Support Through Opportunities for Resources and Essentials Act), which would repeal the lifetime ban on receiving SNAP and TANF benefits for individuals convicted of a drug felony.

Analisa Risiko Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) Pada Kegiatan Docking Di PT. Pelindo Marine Service

The importance of K3 aspects in docking activities not only includes individual safety, but also has a direct impact on productivity and operational continuity. Accidents or incidents that occur during the docking process can not only threaten the lives and health of workers, but can also cause detrimental environmental impacts and hinder the smooth running of the supply chain. The HIRARC method allows identifying various potential hazards that may be associated with an activity or work environment. This approach involves data collection, situational analysis, and determining appropriate mitigation measures. From the results of the identification carried out during ship docking activities at PT. Pelindo Marine Service has 14 activities that have potential danger. With 4 activities that have very low risk, namely maintenance and repair activities in the engine room, ship maintenance in closed rooms, maintenance and repairs in the electrical room, and manual lifting of heavy materials. Then there are 5 activities with low risk, including welding process activities in open spaces, carrying out repair work at height, operating cranes, cleaning ship rooms, and plate cutting (LPG gas cutting) and material grinding processes. 3 activities with medium/medium risk, namely working around waters, working/standing around ships, and stuffing/stripping activities. And there is 1 activity with high risk, namely the ship maintenance process using the welding process in a closed space and 1 activity with very high risk, namely the activity of filling gas cylinders (for cutting and welding equipment). The risks faced include slipping, falling, scratches, shortness of breath, weakness, eye irritation, injuries, minor injuries, serious injuries, sprains, burns, fractures, electrocution and others. And the efforts made to control the risks above include using Personal Protective Equipment with discipline, working according to SOPs, installing K3 signs, providing fire extinguishers, regular inspections and implementing a good ventilation system. Based on the results of risk identification in ship docking activities at PT. Pelindo Marine Services. The importance of effective and continuous implementation of K3 in ship docking activities, in order to maintain the safety, health and welfare of workers and minimize negative impacts on company operations

Implementation of International Labour Organization (ILO) Policy on Health, Safety and Welfare of Workers in Central Senatorial District, Delta State

The International Labour Organisation (ILO) enforces health, safety, and welfare policies to ensure workers’ safety in the workplace, by preventing work-related injuries, diseases, incidents and deaths. This study investigated the implementation of the international labour organization policy on health, safety and welfare of workers in Central Senatorial District, of Delta State, as perceived by management staff and non-management staff. The survey research method was used. The Taro-Yamane sample size was used to select 201 management staff and 330 non-management staff from the ten selected oil and gas companies in Central Senatorial District, Delta State. The instrument used for data collection was a self-developed and validated questionnaire with reliability level of 0.97. Of the 531 copies of questionnaire administered to the respondents, 512 were correctly completed and used for analysis. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency counts, percentages, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation); post-estimation statistics (variance inflation factor) and inferential statistics (simple regression). ). The simple regression results indicated that while ILO policies and preventive measures are not significantly available in the oil and gas industries, the channels for recording and notification of occupational hazards in line with ILO policies, and inspection practices significantly ensure workers’ safety in the oil and gas industry. In line with the findings, it was suggested among others that management of oil and gas firms need to intensify efforts at ensuring that ILO policies and preventive measures are made available so as to adequately curb occupational health hazards and enhance workers’ safety.

Study of the Effectiveness of the Job Creation Law in Improving Workers' Welfare from the Perspective of Roscoe Pounds' Sociological Jurisprudence Theory

This article discusses the Effectiveness of the Job Creation Law in terms of workers' welfare after the issuance of the Job Creation Law. Of course, the Job Creation Law still raises problems in it, including in the process of forming legislation with the Omnibus Law concept which is not clearly regulated in Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning the formation of legislation. This is because the Omnibus Law is a concept of thinking that has the characteristic of being able to change and eliminate several regulations into one regulation that can cover all aspects. The research method for studying this article is Normative Jurisprudence. The results of the study are from a sociological perspective regarding the welfare of workers in the Job Creation Law, it can be analyzed using modern sociological theory from Roscoe Pounds on Sociological Jurisprudence. The functionalist theories that describe early societies are valuable because they show that law is a social phenomenon that depends on other factors in society (because the legal system is formed by forces outside the system). Structural functionalism is the system that has had the greatest influence on social science in this century. Structural functionalism also chooses goals to achieve social order. Adherents of this theory assume that all events and all structures are functional in society. Change can occur slowly in society. If there is a conflict, structural functionalist theorists will focus on how to solve the problem so that society remains balanced.

Precise sensors in detecting stress in workers in the industry: A review

Stress in the work environment has an impact on worker welfare and industrial productivity. This paper reviews the use of precision sensors in detecting workers’ physiological responses to stress in industry. The focus is on sensors that measure heart rate, sweat rate, body temperature, muscle activity and sleep patterns. The wearable sensor is the main highlight. Despite implementation challenges, precision sensors offer the potential for real-time monitoring to create healthier and more productive work environments.

Agricultural reform in Ukraine: the history and present

The purpose of the research is to reveal the process of implementing the agrarian reform in Ukraine as a natural stage of the development of the country's agriculture during the last 100 years. The existing problems in Ukrainian agriculture were considered and it was established that these problems have their roots in the past, in the 20s of the 20th century, when the natural development of agriculture was interrupted, Ukraine became part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), private ownership of agricultural land and private farms were liquidated, collective and state agricultural enterprises were created instead. The paper analyzes the initial stage of agrarian reform in Ukraine at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries after gaining state independence, and it is concluded that agrarian transformations in the country took place quite completely, in comparison with the countries of Eastern Europe. One of the reasons for this state of affairs was the low efficiency of the management of this process on the part of the state authorities responsible for the reform, particularly land reform as a key factor in all agrarian transformations. Only after the beginning of the wide implementation of land reform and reforming of collective agricultural enterprises in the early 2000s, a rapid increase in the volume and efficiency of agricultural production began. The long-term moratorium on the sale and purchase of agricultural land (more than 30 years) was based on political, not economic, reasons. In the analysis of the prospects for the development of domestic agriculture in the period after the agrarian reform, modern comprehensive programs of strategic directions for increasing the efficiency of the industry and rural areas were used, in the development of which the author was involved. These state programs, namely the "Unified comprehensive strategy and action plan for the development of agriculture and rural areas in Ukraine for 2015-2020" and the "National Economic Strategy 2030" conclude with the main task of creating a competitive, export-oriented agriculture and the production of competitive food products in accordance with international safety and quality standards in the context of the European integration of Ukraine. The research methodology is based on the use of publications by Ukrainian and foreign researchers devoted to the analysis of economic transformation in Ukraine and other countries of the former socialist camp, as well as scientific developments by authors, in particular, as a member of teams of international experts and consultants on the development and implementation of agrarian reform in Ukraine. Further directions of research, which were covered in the article, should be aimed at the development of integration processes in the market structure of the European Union, adaptation of the national agrarian policy to the Common EU policy. This is to provide an opportunity to increase the welfare of agricultural workers, the efficiency and productivity of the domestic agrarian industry.

Development of soft wearable robotic gloves to prevent muscle fatigue and enhance work efficiency

This study aimed to develop wearable robotic gloves that can provide comfort to logistics and transportation workers while providing hand assistance and addressing accumulated muscle fatigue caused by repetitive manual handling tasks. Two types of gloves, rivet-type and pouch-type were developed and evaluated using the nine-hole peg test (NHPT) and grip strength tests. Results showed rivet-type gloves had better dexterity, with an 8.14% faster NHPT time, and maintained 85% grip strength compared to 80% for pouch-type gloves, even after fatigue exercises. Wearability tests were conducted by measuring clothing pressure and brainwaves. In contrast to the functional experimental results, the pouch-type gloves exhibited significant decreases in clothing pressure during actuation. According to the difference in brain waves in the frontal lobe region, the beta and gamma waves observed when wearing pouch-type gloves were lower than those of rivet-type gloves, and pouch-type gloves exhibited higher alpha-wave results than rivet-type gloves. These results imply that participants were in a comparatively relaxed state when wearing pouch-type gloves. A wearer’s evaluation survey on the overall design, function, comfort, safety, ease of use, usefulness, and use intention was conducted. In summary, the rivet-type gloves exhibited better results in hand performance while the pouch-type gloves showed advantages in wearability, suggesting a tradeoff relationship between force transmission and wearer comfort. The results of this study aimed to improve the work efficiency at logistics and transportation industry sites and help improve the welfare of workers.