Welfare Strategy Research Articles

Sentience matters

Companion AnimalVol. 22, No. 12 EditorialSentience mattersDebra BourneDebra BourneSearch for more papers by this authorDebra BournePublished Online:14 Dec 2017https://doi.org/10.12968/coan.2017.22.12.697AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail View article References BVA. Vets speaking up for animal welfare. BVA animal welfare strategy. February 2016. http://bit.ly/2gEZ9VR Google ScholarBVA. Rejection of animal sentience from Brexit Bill risks UK short-fall on high animal welfare standards. 17 November 2017. http://bit.ly/2zgcXfo Google ScholarDefra, Gove M. Environment Secretary confirms sentience of animals will continue to be recognised and protections strengthened when we leave the EU. 23 November 2017. http://bit.ly/2jhkVOC Google ScholarWensley S, BVA. A world without animal feelings? 8 June 2016. http://bit.ly/2mVV6J8 Google Scholar FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2 December 2017Volume 22Issue 12ISSN (print): 2053-0889ISSN (online): 2053-0897 Metrics History Published online 14 December 2017 Published in print 2 December 2017 Information© MA Healthcare LimitedPDF download

KAJIAN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM MENGENAI FAKTOR RISIKO YANG BERPENGARUH DALAM PEMENUHAN KESEJAHTERAAN ANAK PEMULUNG

<br /><table class="data" width="100%"><tbody><tr valign="top"><td class="value"><p>This article discusses the factors that influence the fulfillment welfare of child scavengers. Using the ecological system theory this article illustrates how risk factors are located at different ecosystem levels that can have a direct and indirect impact on child scavengers. This research uses qualitative research method with descriptive research type. The data were collected by observation and in-depth interviews on teachers, parents and scavengers. The results of the study stated that there are influential factors that are included in the risk factors faced by children at each level of the system. In micro-systems there are risk factors derived from the influence of parents, school teaching and peer groups. At the level of meso-system can be derived from the relationship between parents and teachers, at the exo-system level there are factors that affect the child that is from the social and economic conditions of the family, living conditions and the lack of social support for parents. At the macro-system level can be how the mindset and lifestyle that exist in the scavengers community environment can affect the development of scavengers. Recognizing the existing risk factors at every level of life of child scavengers can be applied in the development of more effective intervention strategies for the fulfillment welfare of child scavengers.</p></td></tr></tbody></table>

Sidestepping the State: Practices of Social Service Commodification among Nicaraguans in Costa Rica and Nicaragua

AbstractIn Costa Rica, there is a widespread belief among the public and policymakers that the country's ‘exceptional’ universal healthcare system represents a magnet for Nicaraguan immigrants. However, examining immigrants’ actual access to social policy demonstrates the importance of legal and extra-legal mechanisms of exclusion that go hand in hand with official recognition of human rights. This paper critically assesses the relationship between migrants and the state, and public social policy in particular, in both sending and receiving country. We analyse the extent to which Nicaraguan migrant families on both sides of the Costa Rica–Nicaragua migration system incorporate public social protection in their welfare strategies. Drawing on two sets of qualitative data, we find that, on both sides of the border, migrants and their families display very similar commodified practices of welfare strategies, side-stepping the state and purchasing services in the private sector.

The Economics of Farm Animal Welfare

This article reviews the literature on the economics of farm animal welfare. It starts with the challenge of defining and measuring animal welfare. Subsequently, the demand for farm animal welfare is evaluated from both the citizens’ perspective and the consumers’ perspective. The much-cited preference gap in between these perspectives constitutes a dilemma for the governance of animal welfare. Literature on the supply of farm animal welfare discusses the implications of enhancing farm animal welfare for production cost. The linkages between farm structure, farm technology, and animal welfare are discussed, and the frequently voiced hypothesis that smaller and more traditional farms automatically imply higher farm animal welfare levels is rejected. We examine the central challenge to the governance of farm animal welfare: its effects on competitiveness and trade. We also discuss objectives, governance instruments, the interplay of different policy instruments, and how to combine them for an effective and efficient strategy for farm animal welfare.

Does Access to Formal Finance Matter for Welfare and Inequality? Micro Level Evidence from Nigeria

Using a treatment effects model, decomposition techniques and representative household data from Nigeria, we study the welfare and inequality implications of access to formal finance. While improving household welfare, formal access to finance increases inter-household inequalities, despite ameliorating the inequality enhancing effect of urban residence and enhancing the inequality ameliorating effect of greater educational attainment. The positive effect of access to formal finance on inequality is smaller than the effect of unobserved household characteristics, indicating that welfare and equality enhancing strategies should follow a holistic approach as opposed to one focusing on one isolated policy variable at a time.

Ruminal acidosis: strategies for its control

Ruminal acidosis in ruminants is a metabolic disorder of gastrointestinal origin, which occurs in animals by high feed intake of cereal grains diets, which affect the performance. According to clinical manifestations it can be classified as: a) acute lactic acidosis in which there is prolonged exposure to ruminal pH≤5.0 that triggers a systemic acidosis, with clinical manifestations and changes in biochemical patterns, starting the first twelve hours of ruminal acidosis and it takes 48 to 120 hours to reestablish, b) subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), has no clinical manifestations, rumen pH decreases in a range of 5.5 to 5.0 and is held for 111 to 180 minutes in 24 hours, this decrease causes an imbalance in the ruminal metabolism, as well as the fluid balance. Ruminal acidosis can be prevented by the addition of sodium bicarbonate in the ration, the use of zootechnic additives as Saccharomyces cereviseae and Megasphaera elsdenii as well as essential oils (cinnamaldehyde and eugenol). It is also important to consider the forage/concentrate ratio, the forage particle size, the NDF content of the ration, as well as the cereal’s rate of degradation in the rumen. The objective of this review was to address the ruminal acidosis pathophysiology, the effects this cause on animal welfare and control strategies to minimize the detrimental impact on animal production.

Application of the Hands-On Donkey Tool for Assessing the Welfare of Working Equids at Tuliman, Mexico

ABSTRACTEquids are still used for diverse chores in Mexico and are essential for the livelihoods of numerous families. Appropriate health and behavior are prerequisites for performing work without affecting welfare. This study aimed to assess the welfare of working equids in Tuliman, applying the hands-on donkey tool. This tool evaluates five dimensions (behavior, body condition score [BCS], wounds, lameness, and other health issues) and was applied to 438 working equids (horses, mules, and donkeys). The Kruskall-Wallis test was applied to investigate differences between species and sex. Donkeys were more common; they also presented more positive behaviors and less lameness (p < 0.05). No differences were found for BCS among species on a scale ranging from 1 to 5 (mean BCS for donkeys = 1.9; mules = 2; and horses = 1.8). Mares had significantly lower BCS (mean = 1.5) than stallions (p < 0.05) and geldings (mean = 1.9). Overall mules had better welfare evaluations. The tool allowed detection of welfare issues in working equids; a practical outcome would be implementing local welfare strategies according to its results.

Rhythmicity and plasticity of digestive physiology in a euryhaline teleost fish, permit (Trachinotus falcatus)

Digestive physiology is considered to be under circadian control, but there is little evidence in teleost fish. The present study explored the rhythmicity and plasticity to feeding schedules of enzymatic digestion in a candidate aquaculture fish, the permit (Trachinotus falcatus). The first experiment identified the rhythms of digestive factors throughout the light-dark (LD) cycle. Gastric luminal pH and pepsin activity showed significant daily variation albeit not rhythmic. These dynamic changes were likewise observed in several digestive enzymes, in which the activities of intestinal protease, chymotrypsin and lipase exhibited significant daily rhythms. In the second experiment, the existence of feed anticipatory activity in the digestive factors was investigated by subjecting the fish to either periodic or random feeding. Anticipatory gastric acidification prior to feeding was identified in periodically fed fish. However, pepsin activity did not exhibit such anticipation but a substantial postprandial increase was observed. Intestinal protease, leucine aminopeptidase and lipase anticipated periodic mealtime with elevated enzymatic activities. Plasma melatonin and cortisol demonstrated robust daily rhythms but feeding time manipulations revealed no significant impact. Plasma ghrelin level remained constant during the LD cycle and appeared to be unaffected by differing feeding regimes as well. Taken together, the digestive factors of permit were highly dynamic during the LD cycle. Periodic feeding entrained digestive physiology and mediated anticipatory gastric acidification and intestinal enzymatic activities. This knowledge will be essential in developing feeding protocols and husbandry-related welfare strategies that will further advance this candidate finfish as an aquaculture species.

A new era of UK leadership in farm animal welfare

For over 50 years the UK has shown leadership in public-driven animal welfare policy and, more recently, consumer-focused initiatives. Now that we are leaving the European Union, what should be...

PERANAN INSPECTOR OF SCHOOLS (NAZIR SEKOLAH) DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN DI NEGERI PERAK, 1890-1900

This article discusses the welfare strategy that was implemented by Inspector of Schools in improving the quality of education in the state of Perak during the period between the year 1890 to 1900. In this context, the welfare strategy refers to the approach employed by Inspector of Schools in the effort to improve the quality of education in the state of Perak, which is by winning the hearts of teachers, students and parents. The welfare strategy that was implemented by H.B. Collinge as the Inspector of Schools in Perak covers various aspects like raising teachers’ salary, introducing retirement scheme and effective teaching methods, establishing Malay Teaching College specifically for Malay teachers and etc. This study’s research question will explore the extent to which the welfare strategy employed by Collinge had let to great impact on the direction of English and Malay vernacular education in that state. Overall, the welfare strategy that was implemented by Collinge succeeded in developing the education system in the Perak state. This was clearly observed through the increase in students enrollment and in the number of schools in the state that kept on rising on a daily basis. In fact, the strategy put forth by Collinge, which is to win the hearts of teachers through incentives like pay raise and promotions motivated them to continue serving with excellence. Besides that, the softcore welfare strategy were also able to encourage parents to send their children to school without being forced to.

Improving quality of science through better animal welfare: the NC3Rs strategy.

Good animal welfare is linked to the quality of research data derived from laboratory animals, their validity as models of human disease, the number of animals required to reach statistical significance and the reproducibility of in vivo studies. Identifying new ways of understanding and improving animal welfare, and promoting these in the scientific community, is therefore a key part of the work of the National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs). Our strategy for animal welfare includes funding research to generate an evidence base to support refinements, office-led data sharing to challenge existing practices, events and networks to raise awareness of the evidence base, and the creation of online and other resources to support practical implementation of refinement opportunities.

An Assessment of Two Parenting Training Manuals Used in Swedish Parenting Interventions

In Sweden, all parents of children aged 0–18 years are entitled to attend free parenting courses as part of a national strategy presented by the Government in 2009. This broad parental support welfare strategy is expected to fulfil the intentions of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. In this study, two parenting training manuals were analysed: the Canadian Connect program, based on attachment theory, and the Swedish ABC program, based on social learning theory. The results indicate that the manuals use strategies that can both hinder and support children's rights, regardless of rhetoric of children's best interests.

市民による野宿者「問題」の認知とその「解決」 (課題研究 司法と福祉)

市民による野宿者「問題」の認知とその「解決」 (課題研究 司法と福祉)

DAMPAK STRATEGIS PROGRAM CSR TERHADAP KINERJA MEREK, EKUITAS MEREK DAN REPUTASI PERUSAHAAN DI NEGERA BERKEMBANG : PENGUJIAN TERHADAP TEORI META ANALISIS

Currently CSR is a sustainable development strategy for the distribution of welfare of the people in various countries around the world through corporation activity. Therefore, on the effort of increasing welfare of nation state, government establishes the development model towards CSR corporation program as the spreading welfare strategy. This study seeks to investigate whether the strategic effect of CSR program activities on brand performance, industrial brand equity and corporate reputation in order to understand the real effects of actual CSR activities. This research to investigate and treat CSR as a whole construct on CSR program activities which covers several dimensions such as economic, social, and environmental. Specifically, this study test a meta-model of CSR. It is expected to become the basis of measurement models which provide valuable input for coping strategies and actions to be taken to reconstruct the CSR strategy and management programs that significantly impact on brand performance, industrial brand equity and corporate reputation in the future. In this study, the importance of this research will be presented for consideration and relevance in the context of future development.

Container hub port competition and cooperation in Northeast Asia

In response to the fierce competition in the market of container cargo transportation, strategic alliances between port operators are common in the maritime industry. This paper develops a two-stage oligopoly model that comprises shippers, shipping lines and three ports (Shanghai, Ningbo and Busan Ports) located in Northeast Asia. We compare the optimal results of three strategies (independent, alliance and monopoly) and find that the alliance of Shanghai and Ningbo Ports is not only the best strategy for social welfare but also in the interest of coalition members. In addition, although the best payoff for ports is achieved under the monopoly strategy, social welfare is reduced. It means there is a misalignment between social and ports' incentives under monopoly strategy. Furthermore, the number of shipping lines will not affect the ports' preference of forming coalition.

Rethinking motivational challenges amongst young adults on the margin

ABSTRACTThis article is concerned with how motivation to take an education can be stimulated in young adults who are on the margins of the labour market and educational system. It is widely accepted that young adults in such a position have motivational problems regarding education because of negative schooling experiences, interrupted education, absenteeism, etc. Despite this, in Europe, education is commonly proposed as the solution to the problem of the high proportion of 15–29 year-olds who are not in employment, education or training (NEET). This paradox of having to motivate young adults under pressure is the focus of the article. The article argues that there is a need to theoretically redefine motivation as a phenomenon linked to the individual to a more contextually embedded understanding of motivation as the result of a process between the young and their surroundings, opportunities and perspectives. The article presents a model with five motivational orientations suggesting a new perspective on re-motivating young adults on the margin of the labour market and educational system, while it also discusses the challenges connected to promoting a focus on motivation at a time when the liberalisation of education is increasingly central to the welfare state strategy.

Becoming a landlord: strategies of property-based welfare in the private rental sector in Great Britain

Ongoing neoliberal policies have realigned the links between housing and welfare, positioning residential property investment – commonly through homeownership and exceptionally also through landlordism – at the core of households’ asset-building strategies. Nonetheless, the private rented sector (PRS) has been commonly portrayed as a tenure option for tenants rather than a welfare strategy for landlords. Drawing on qualitative interviews with landlords across Great Britain, we explore landlords’ different motivations in engaging in landlordism; and the ways in which their property-based welfare strategies are shaped by the particular intersection of individual socioeconomic and life-course circumstances, and the broader socioeconomic and financial environment. By employing a constructionist grounded approach to research, our study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the different ways that asset-based welfare strategies operate within the PRS. We draw attention to an understudied nexus between homeownership and landlordism which we argue represents a promising route for future research.

The Regulatory Welfare State in Pension Markets: Mitigating High Charges for Low-Income Savers in the United Kingdom and Israel

AbstractHow does the rising ‘regulatory welfare state’ address social policy concerns in pension markets? This study examines this question by comparing the regulatory responses to high charges paid by low-income workers in pension markets in the UK and Israel. In the UK, with the recognition that the market would not cater to low-income workers, the regulatory response was the creation of a publicly operated low-cost pension fund (NEST), a ‘public option’ within the market. This allowed low-income workers access to a low level of charges, previously reserved for high-income and organised workers. In Israel, regulation sought to empower consumers, while providing minimal social protection by capping pension charges at a relatively high level, thereby leaving most of the responsibility for reducing the charges with the individual saver. By comparing these two cases, the article develops an analytical framework for the study of the regulatory welfare state, making two contributions. First, it highlights different types of regulatory citizenship: minimal regulatory social protection as opposed to a more egalitarian approach. Second, it identifies an overlooked regulatory welfare state strategy: creating ‘public option’ arrangements, whereby a state-run (but not funded) service operates within the market.

What families in poverty consider supportive: welfare strategies of parents with young children in relation to (child and family) social work

AbstractIn current European Welfare states, Child and Family Social Work has been assigned a pivotal role in constructing a route out of (child) poverty. The direction, processes and outcomes of these interventions are, however, rarely negotiated with the families involved. Based on a retrospective biographical research with parents of young children who experienced financial difficulties over time, this paper therefore seeks to uncover and understand how parents give meaning to welfare which strategies they accordingly develop and how these perspectives and welfare strategies interact with Child and Family Social Work interventions. We aim to acquire knowledge about how interventions are constructed, interpreted and being used as potentially supportive levers in realizing the well‐being of parents and children in poverty situations and explore how they may influence families' routes out of poverty. Drawing on Lister's analytical framework of agency within the bounds of structural constraints, our research provides insights in the essentially complex, multi‐layered and paradoxical nature of support and suggests that support cannot simply be perceived as synonymous to mobility out of poverty.

Economic Support as the Foundation of the Social Welfare Strategy and Its Benefiting Obstacles

The purpose of this study is reviewing the economic support benefiting scheme to evaluate the level of the basic needs met; to discover the benefiting potential obstacles hindering the families in need to have access in this scheme; exploring and considering the beneficiaries opinion related to the changes of this policy in order to create a clear picture of its effect in easing the poverty level and diminish the social isolation as well as to offer relevant recommendations to the policy-makers and other groups of interest. Durres is a very interesting place where to study the effects of the economic support in our country because of the above mentioned specifics. The study is of transversal (cross-sectional) kind. The type of the study is quantitative. It integrates in one quantity view the quantitative and the qualitative aspects. The target population of the study are all the families include in the economic assistance scheme in Durres Municipality. The conclusions of this study on the obstacles to benefit from the economic support scheme are important assets to improve the existing scheme and the new one which is being pilot tested in Durres and other main cities. A new input of this study is the application online to benefit from the economic support scheme which will facilitate the application process which actually is operating very well but there still some issues to be resolved such as the calculation and the selection of individuals and families in need. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n2s1p61