Abstract
Ruminal acidosis in ruminants is a metabolic disorder of gastrointestinal origin, which occurs in animals by high feed intake of cereal grains diets, which affect the performance. According to clinical manifestations it can be classified as: a) acute lactic acidosis in which there is prolonged exposure to ruminal pH≤5.0 that triggers a systemic acidosis, with clinical manifestations and changes in biochemical patterns, starting the first twelve hours of ruminal acidosis and it takes 48 to 120 hours to reestablish, b) subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), has no clinical manifestations, rumen pH decreases in a range of 5.5 to 5.0 and is held for 111 to 180 minutes in 24 hours, this decrease causes an imbalance in the ruminal metabolism, as well as the fluid balance. Ruminal acidosis can be prevented by the addition of sodium bicarbonate in the ration, the use of zootechnic additives as Saccharomyces cereviseae and Megasphaera elsdenii as well as essential oils (cinnamaldehyde and eugenol). It is also important to consider the forage/concentrate ratio, the forage particle size, the NDF content of the ration, as well as the cereal’s rate of degradation in the rumen. The objective of this review was to address the ruminal acidosis pathophysiology, the effects this cause on animal welfare and control strategies to minimize the detrimental impact on animal production.
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