Weight Ratio Research Articles

Combination of herbal extracts regulates growth performance, liver and intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiota in Acrossocheilus fasciatus

In the present study, the herbal extracts (RPTS) composed of Rheum palmatum: Schisandra sphenanthera: Terminalia chebula: Punica granatum with a weight ratio of 1.07: 3.00: 1.18: 1.38, was evaluated through a bacteriostatic assay in vitro. Afterwards, a 56-day feeding trial was operated to assess the impact of dietary RPTS at the dose of 0, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10 g·Kg−1 feed (entitled as Con, RPTS010, RPTS025, RPTS050, RPTS100 group, respectively) on the performance of Acrossocheilus fasciatus fingerlings. The results revealed that dietary RPTS at the dose of 2.5 g·Kg−1 feed remarkably improved the specific growth rate (SGR), and the gastrointestinal trypsin activity, as well as the catalase (CAT) activities, while slightly increased the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in the fish liver. Histological examination indicated that dietary high dose of RPTS (5.0 and 10.0 g·Kg−1 feed) could induce hepatic cell vacuolization and reduce the intestinal villi density of fish. Furthermore, the analysis of intestinal microbiota showed that Bacteroidota, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the three dominant phylum in all experimental groups, while the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio exhibited a trend of initially decreasing followed by rising, with the supplementation level of RPTS increase. Additionally, the LEfSe analysis revealed that Cetobacterium was the most impacted species, which notably increased in RPTS025 group. Collectively, this study unveiled that the impact of dietary RPTS on fish performance was in a dose-dependent manner, and dietary RPTS at the dose of 2.5 g·Kg−1 feed could potentially enhance growth performance, digestive and antioxidant capacity, and positively modulate the intestinal microflora, without significantly impact liver health of A. fasciatus.

Differential effects of donor factors on post-transplant survival in lung transplantation

BackgroundPredicting post-transplant (PT) survival in lung allocation remains an elusive goal. We analyzed the impact of donor factors on PT survival and how these relationships vary among transplant recipients. MethodsWe studied primary bilateral lung transplant recipients (n=7,609) from the US Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (19 February 2015 - 1 February 2020). Main and interaction effects were evaluated and adjusted across candidate age, sex, and diagnosis. Models predicting PT survival were compared to the PT composite allocation score model (PT-CAS): 1. Cox regression donor multivariable model (COX), 2. COX + PT-CAS, 3. random forest model (RF), 4. RF + PT-CAS. Model discrimination and calibration measures were compared. ResultsInteractions between donor and recipient factors emerged by – age: lower survival for DCD organs for recipients aged 55-69 years, donor smoking for recipients aged 30-54 and 70+, Hispanic donor for recipients < 30, non-Hispanic Black (NHB) donor for recipients aged 30+; sex: CMV mismatch for males; diagnosis: higher donor recipient weight ratio for diagnosis Group C (e.g.CF), donor diabetes for diagnosis Group D (e.g. IPF). COX and RF models performed similarly to PT-CAS; however, the combined COX PT-CAS model had improved discrimination (1y AUC PT-CAS 0.609 vs. 1y AUC COX + PT-CAS 0.626) and improved calibration across a broader range of predicted risk. ConclusionThe influence of donor factors on recipient post-transplant survival differed by age, sex, and diagnosis. The addition of donor factors to existing models predicting posttransplant survival led to only modest improvement in prediction accuracy. Future efforts may focus on optimizing matching strategies to improve donor utilization.

Investigation of optical, mechanical, thermal, wettability, and antibacterial activity of polyvinyl alcohol mixed with clay nanoparticles

In this research, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was mixed with clay nanoparticles with weight ratios of 1, 3, or 5 wt% to form PVA/clay composites using the solvent casting method for food packaging uses. Chemical bonds and function groups were identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while mechanical parameters e.g. tensile strength (Tsr), elongation (Eb), and Young modulus (Ym) of the synthesized PVA/clay film were examined. Other characteristics were studied and discussed such as water uptake (swelling and porosity), contact angle, optical qualities (transmission, brightness), barrier properties i.e. water vapor transfer rate, and antimicrobial performance. The addition of clay nanoparticles raised Ym from 1.3 MPa to 2.9 MPa, while decreasing Tsr and Eb from 77 MPa and 3.8 % to 59 MPa and 3.6 %, respectively. Also, incorporating clay nanoparticles reduces water absorption, moisture level, transmission, and brightnesswhile improving the thermal conductivity and water vaportransport rates of PVA. Furthermore, the incorporation of clay nanoparticles improves thermal, mechanical, optical, and antibacterial performance, which could be beneficial for food packaging applications.

High performance and robust durability proton conductive composite membranes containing CeO2-TiC incorporated sulfonated poly(arylene ether) for hydrogen fuel cells

Degradation of proton exchange membrane (PEM) due to free radicals often decreases the overall performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). The incorporation of antioxidative additives into the polymer matrix has been widely exploited to mitigate oxidative degradation but is still challenging. Herein, butylsulfonated poly(arylene)(SAFPAE) was synthesized by polycondensation followed by nucleophilic substitution and highly crystalline CeO2-TiC filler was prepared by simple hydrothermal process. SAFPAE alleviates the problematic characteristics of proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) whereas CeO2 scavenges free radicals and TiC improves tensile strength. Variable weight ratios of CeO2-TiC were blended into the SAFPAE matrix to study its physicochemical, and electrochemical properties. The random distribution of CeO2-TiC in the SAFPAE matrix enhanced thermal and mechanical strength and increased water absorption, ion exchange capacity, as well as proton conductivity. Specifically, SAFPAE/CeO2-TiC (1.0wt%) exhibited a current output of 0.18Acm−2 and a power output of 0.087 Wcm−2 at 20% RH and 60°C. It also experienced a degradation of 0.145mVh-1 over 1100hours of operation. Under operating conditions of RH 20% and 60°C, PEMFCs with an SAFPAE/CeO2-TiC (1.0wt%) membrane exhibited significantly improved performance and enhanced durability compared to PEMFCs with pure SAFPAE and without sacrificing their cell performance.

Development and mechanical characterization of horse hair with titanium dioxide nanoparticles reinforced polyester composite

This study aims to examine the effects of waste material more especially horse hair as fiber on mechanical and physical properties. Tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness properties of horse hair fiber and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) polyester composite were investigated to determine whether the latter might be used as a new material in various engineering applications for a longer life. To improve the impact resistance of the composite, horse hair fiber is mixed in different ratios with titanium dioxide and polyester as filler. Tensile, flexural, and impact mechanical properties were assessed using the Universal Testing Machine, the Rockwell Hardness Testing Machine, and the Izod Impact Test. Specimens were hand-put up using various fiber weight ratios. The results of this study showed that Specimen 5 showed a tremendous increase in flexural strength (98.87 MPa), tensile strength (91.46 MPa), hardness (115 HV), impact strength (15.98 J m−1), and water uptake (10.18%) as compared to the neat and also with the other Specimens. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the fracture surface in more detail in order to search for failure mechanisms and the dispersion of nanoparticles. SEM micrographs verified the uniform dispersion of the nanoparticles. Results suggest that these composites can be used as a material for a variety of applications, including biological claims that they are a practical, durable, and environmentally friendly choice.

Augmentation of functional recovery via ROCK/PI3K/AKT pathway by Fasudil Hydrochloride in a rat sciatic nerve transection model

BackgroundsThe functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury remains unsatisfactory. This study aims to perform a comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy of Fasudil Hydrochloride at treating the sciatic nerve transection injury in rats and the mechanism involved. Materials and methodsIn animal experiments, 75 Sprague Dawley rats that underwent transection and repair of the right sciatic nerve were divided into a control, Fasudil, and Fas + LY group, receiving daily intraperitoneal injection of saline, Fasudil Hydrochloride (10 mg/kg), and Fasudil Hydrochloride plus LY294002 (5 mg/kg), respectively. At day 3 after surgery, the expression of ROCK2, p-PI3K, and p-AKT in L4-5 DRG and the lumbosacral enlargement was determined using Western blotting. At day 7 and 14, axon density in the distal stump was evaluated with immunostaining using the anti-Neurofilament-200 antibody. At day 30, retrograde tracing by injecting Fluoro-gold in the distal stump was performed. Three months after surgery, remyelination was analyzed with immostaining using the anti-MPZ antibody and the transmission electron microscope; Moreover, Motion-Evoked Potential, and recovery of sensorimotor functions was evaluated with a neuromonitor, Footprint, Hot Plate and Von Frey Filaments, respectively. Moveover, the Gastrocnemius muscles were weighed, and then underwent H＆E staining, and staining of the neuromuscular junction using α-Bungarotoxin to evaluate the extent of atrophy and degeneration of the endplates in the Gastrocnemius. In vitro, spinal motor neurons (SMNs) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were cultured to examine the impact of Fasudil Hydrochloride and LY294002 on the axon outgrowth. ResultsThree days after injury, the expression of ROCK2 increased significantly (P＜0.01), and Fasudil application significantly increased the expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT in L4-6 DRG and the lumbosacral enlargement (P < 0.05). At day 7 and 14 after surgery, a higher axon density could be observed in the Fasudil group(P < 0.05). At day 30 after surgery, a larger number of motor and sensory neurons absorbing Fluoro-gold could be observed in the Fasudil group (P < 0.01) Three months after surgery, a greater thickness of myelin sheath could be observed in the Fasudil group (P < 0.05). The electrophysiological test showed that a larger amplitude of motion-evoked potential could be triggered in the Fasudil group (P < 0.01). Behavioral tests showed that a higher sciatic function index and a lower threshold for reacting to heat and mechanical stimuli could be measured in the Fasudil group. (P < 0.01). The wet weight ratio of the Gastrocnemius muscles and the area of the cross section of its myofibrils were greater in the Fasudil group (P < 0.01), which also demonstrated a higer ratio of axon-endplate connection and a larger size of endplates (P < 0.05). And there were no significant differences for the abovementioned parameters between the control and Fas + LY groups (P＞0.05). In vitro studies showed that Fasudil could significantly promote axon growth in DRG and SMNs, and increase the expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT, which could be abolished by LY294002 (P < 0.05). ConclusionsFasudil can augment axon regeneration and remyelination, and functional recovery after sciatic nerve injury by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. The translational potential of this articleThe translation potential of this article is that we report for the first time that Fasudil Hydrochloride has a remarkable efficacy at improving axon regeneration and remyelination following a transection injury of the right sciatic nerve in rats through the ROCK/PI3K/AKT pathway, which has a translational potential to be used clinically to treat peripheral nerve injury.

Risk factors for renal impairment after liver transplantation in Mongolia: a retrospective single-center study.

Renal impairment (RI) is a frequent complication of liver cirrhosis and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Liver transplantation (LT) serves as an effective treatment method for patients with cirrhosis who have impaired renal function. However, renal function often declines after LT, influenced by various factors. This study aimed to investigate the factors contributing to RI following LT in our cases. We analyzed the demographic data, preoperative and perioperative parameters, and postoperative outcomes of patients who underwent LT at the First Central Hospital of Mongolia from September 2011 to December 2022. Renal function was assessed by measuring the glomerular filtration rate using the Cockcroft-Gault creatinine clearance formula pretransplantation and at 24 hours, 72 hours, 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days post-LT. Several factors increased the risk of RI among recipients. These included female sex (odds ratio [OR], 3.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58-5.91), Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) scores of B and C (OR, 4.23; 95% CI, 0.92-19.41 and OR, 7.68; 95% CI, 1.67-35.30, respectively), preoperative continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT; OR, 5.86; 95% CI, 1.1-31.21), and a high graft-to-recipient weight ratio (GRWR; OR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.23-9.63). Additionally, the survival rates for recipients with RI post-LT were 93.4% at 1 year and 78.1% at 3 years. Female sex, a high CTP score, preoperative CRRT, and high GRWR were identified as risk factors for RI after LT in Mongolia.

Effect of Adding Date Palm Pollen and Physical Diet Form on Productive Performance and Egg Quality of Female Quail

This experiment was conducted to estimate the main effect of adding Data palm pollen (DPP) and the form of diet on the productive performance of female quail compliant with: Hen day egg production (HD), Egg weight (EW), Egg mass (EM), Feed intake (FI) and Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and eggs quality of quail compliant with: Shape index (ShI %), shell weight (%), yolk weight (%), albumen weight (%), Yolk index (YI%), Albumen Index (AI%) and Hough unit (HU). For eight weeks, from February 14 to April 13, 2023. Two hindered fifty-two female quail with age about forty-seven days were divided into six treatments, each including forty-two birds with three replicates (four ten quail of each). The treatments were T1: 0% DPP with mash feed form, T2: 0% DPP with pellet feed form, T3: 0.5% DPP with mash feed form, T4: 0.5% DPP with pellet feed form, T5: 1% DPP with mash feed form and T6: 1% DPP with pellet feed form. The quail were fed a productive diet with 2794 kcal/kg energy and 18.39% crude protein, and similar rearing conditions. Results showed there were significant effects in the percentage of HD, EW., EM, and (FCR) in treatments with DPP and pellet feed form when compared with the other treatments, as well as an improvement in egg quality in treatments with DPP and pellet feed form when compared with the other treatments.

TiO2 Nanoparticles with Adjustable Phase Composition Prepared by an Inverse Microemulsion Method: Physicochemical Characterization and Photocatalytic Properties.

Titania nanoparticles (NPs) find wide application in photocatalysis, photovoltaics, gas sensing, lithium batteries, etc. One of the most important synthetic challenges is maintaining control over the polymorph composition of the prepared nanomaterial. In the present work, TiO2 NPs corresponding to anatase, rutile, or an anatase/rutile/brookite mixture were obtained at 80 °C by an inverse microemulsion method in a ternary system of water/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide/1-hexanol in a weight ratio of 17:28:55. The only synthesis variables were the preparation of the aqueous component and the nature of the Ti precursor (Ti(IV) ethoxide, isopropoxide, butoxide, or chloride). The materials were characterized with X-ray diffraction, scanning/transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, FTIR and Raman vibrational spectroscopies, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The synthesis products differed significantly not only in phase composition, but also in crystallinity, textural properties, and adsorption properties towards water. All TiO2 NPs were active in the photocatalytic decomposition of rhodamine B, a model dye pollutant of wastewater streams. The mixed-phase anatase/rutile/brookite nanopowders obtained from alkoxy precursors showed the best photocatalytic performance, comparable to or better than the P25 reference. The exceptionally high photoactivity was attributed to the advantageous electronic effects known to accompany multiphase titania composition, namely high specific surface area and strong surface hydration. Among the single-phase materials, anatase samples showed better photoactivity than rutile ones, and this effect was associated, primarily, with the much higher specific surface area of anatase photocatalysts.

Prenatal Management of High Risk Fetal Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

Introduction: Fetal sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCGT), the most common fetal neoplasm diagnosed in fetuses, are a rare condition with an estimated incidence of 1 in 40,0000 live births. Fetal SCGT is usually suspected when characteristic findings are seen on ultrasound such as a mass that is cystic and/or solid and is located in the sacral region. MRI may also be used to more accurately characterize the tumor and to help distinguish between SCGTs and distal neural tube defects like sacral meningomyelocele. Despite advances in ultrasound and MRI, only approximately 50% are diagnosed prenatally. The detection of fetal SCGT is important because it changes pregnancy monitoring and management as it is associated with fetal hydrops, intrauterine death, polyhydramnios, mirror syndrome, and mortality rates as high as 43%. Once an SCGT has been identified, serial ultrasound evaluation of the fetus, placenta, and SCGT is important to identify early signs of fetal hydrops, fetal anemia, or cardiac failure and to intervene as appropriate. Case Report: A 40-year-old G5P4004 was referred to Maternal Fetal Medicine (MFM) due to findings of a 1 cm mass near the fetal bladder on first trimester ultrasound. She had a level II ultrasound performed by MFM at 16.2 weeks where a 3.6 x 2.3 x 2.6 cm mass was identified. This mass was adjacent to the sacrococcygeal region. Due to its location and characteristic appearance, with both cystic and solid components with high vascularity, a fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma was suspected. There were no signs of hydrops or fetal anemia. At this time, the recommendation for management was: ultrasounds every 2 weeks to assess for hydrops and fetal anemia, growth ultrasound every 4 weeks, an echocardiogram by pediatric cardiology at 22-24 weeks, a fetal MRI at 28 weeks, and delivery between 37-39 weeks or earlier pending clinical course. At 24.2 weeks, she developed polyhydramnios with a maximum vertical pocket (MVP) of 10.5 cm. She had also failed her 1-hour glucose tolerance test with a value of 287 mg/dL. Due to the new finding of polyhydramnios and diagnosis of gestational diabetes, her monitoring was increased to weekly, with biophysical profile (BPP) starting at 28 weeks and weekly nonstress tests (NST) at 32 weeks. A fetal MRI was performed at 26.4 weeks and showed a large lesion extending off the sacrococcygeal region measuring 9.6 x 6.3 x 7.7 cm that was composed of both solid and cystic components. By 32.2 weeks, she developed severe polyhydramnios with an AFI of 36.0 cm and accelerated fetal growth due to an AC &gt; 99th percentile. The last ultrasound she had at 34.2 weeks the SCGT measured 17.7 x 13.3 x 13.6 cm and severe polyhydramnios persisted. The patient went into preterm labor at 35.2 weeks and had a cesarean section due to known SCGT measuring greater than 5 cm. Immediately after delivery, the neonate was evaluated by the neonatal team and transferred to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The infant had surgical resection of the mass and will have tumor markers, AFP and LDH, monitored for development of recurrent immature or mature teratoma. The pathology report confirmed the diagnosis for benign sacrococcygeal teratoma. Discussion: Failure to diagnose a fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma has potentially catastrophic consequences for the fetus and mother. Maternal complications include hyperemesis, preeclampsia, mirror syndrome, preterm labor, and HELLP syndrome. Significant obstetric complications can be as high as 81%. Intrauterine fetal complications include fetal hydrops from high-output failure, fetal anemia, intratumoral hemorrhage, polyhydramnios, genitourinary obstruction leaking to hydronephrosis and or hydroureter. SCGT size &gt;10 cm or tumor with rapid growth has &gt; 50% perinatal mortality. Tumor characteristics associated with higher mortality rates are early diagnosis, solid components, high vascularity, tumor size &gt; 10 cm, and rapid growth &gt; 150 cm3/week. Another way to risk stratify these patients is by calculating a tumor volume to fetal weight ratio (TFR), which if &gt; 0.12 at &lt; 24 weeks is predictive of an overall poor prognosis. When comparing this case to literature review of sacrococcygeal teratomas, the patient’s fetal SCGT would be classified as high risk of mortality due to the tumor characteristics of early diagnosis, TFR at 20 weeks being 0.16, large size, rapid growth, and pronounced vascularity. Overall, in this high risk case of SCGT, the close follow up and evidence-based management with utilization and collaboration of a multidisciplinary team including Maternal Fetal Medicine, NICU, and Pediatric Surgery in a tertiary center resulted in a successful outcome.

Prenatal Management of High Risk Fetal Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

Introduction: Fetal sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCGT), the most common fetal neoplasm diagnosed in fetuses, are a rare condition with an estimated incidence of 1 in 40,0000 live births. Fetal SCGT is usually suspected when characteristic findings are seen on ultrasound such as a mass that is cystic and/or solid and is located in the sacral region. MRI may also be used to more accurately characterize the tumor and to help distinguish between SCGTs and distal neural tube defects like sacral meningomyelocele. Despite advances in ultrasound and MRI, only approximately 50% are diagnosed prenatally. The detection of fetal SCGT is important because it changes pregnancy monitoring and management as it is associated with fetal hydrops, intrauterine death, polyhydramnios, mirror syndrome, and mortality rates as high as 43%. Once an SCGT has been identified, serial ultrasound evaluation of the fetus, placenta, and SCGT is important to identify early signs of fetal hydrops, fetal anemia, or cardiac failure and to intervene as appropriate. Case Report: A 40-year-old G5P4004 was referred to Maternal Fetal Medicine (MFM) due to findings of a 1 cm mass near the fetal bladder on first trimester ultrasound. She had a level II ultrasound performed by MFM at 16.2 weeks where a 3.6 x 2.3 x 2.6 cm mass was identified. This mass was adjacent to the sacrococcygeal region. Due to its location and characteristic appearance, with both cystic and solid components with high vascularity, a fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma was suspected. There were no signs of hydrops or fetal anemia. At this time, the recommendation for management was: ultrasounds every 2 weeks to assess for hydrops and fetal anemia, growth ultrasound every 4 weeks, an echocardiogram by pediatric cardiology at 22-24 weeks, a fetal MRI at 28 weeks, and delivery between 37-39 weeks or earlier pending clinical course. At 24.2 weeks, she developed polyhydramnios with a maximum vertical pocket (MVP) of 10.5 cm. She had also failed her 1-hour glucose tolerance test with a value of 287 mg/dL. Due to the new finding of polyhydramnios and diagnosis of gestational diabetes, her monitoring was increased to weekly, with biophysical profile (BPP) starting at 28 weeks and weekly nonstress tests (NST) at 32 weeks. A fetal MRI was performed at 26.4 weeks and showed a large lesion extending off the sacrococcygeal region measuring 9.6 x 6.3 x 7.7 cm that was composed of both solid and cystic components. By 32.2 weeks, she developed severe polyhydramnios with an AFI of 36.0 cm and accelerated fetal growth due to an AC &gt; 99th percentile. The last ultrasound she had at 34.2 weeks the SCGT measured 17.7 x 13.3 x 13.6 cm and severe polyhydramnios persisted. The patient went into preterm labor at 35.2 weeks and had a cesarean section due to known SCGT measuring greater than 5 cm. Immediately after delivery, the neonate was evaluated by the neonatal team and transferred to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The infant had surgical resection of the mass and will have tumor markers, AFP and LDH, monitored for development of recurrent immature or mature teratoma. The pathology report confirmed the diagnosis for benign sacrococcygeal teratoma. Discussion: Failure to diagnose a fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma has potentially catastrophic consequences for the fetus and mother. Maternal complications include hyperemesis, preeclampsia, mirror syndrome, preterm labor, and HELLP syndrome. Significant obstetric complications can be as high as 81%. Intrauterine fetal complications include fetal hydrops from high-output failure, fetal anemia, intratumoral hemorrhage, polyhydramnios, genitourinary obstruction leaking to hydronephrosis and or hydroureter. SCGT size &gt;10 cm or tumor with rapid growth has &gt; 50% perinatal mortality. Tumor characteristics associated with higher mortality rates are early diagnosis, solid components, high vascularity, tumor size &gt; 10 cm, and rapid growth &gt; 150 cm3/week. Another way to risk stratify these patients is by calculating a tumor volume to fetal weight ratio (TFR), which if &gt; 0.12 at &lt; 24 weeks is predictive of an overall poor prognosis. When comparing this case to literature review of sacrococcygeal teratomas, the patient’s fetal SCGT would be classified as high risk of mortality due to the tumor characteristics of early diagnosis, TFR at 20 weeks being 0.16, large size, rapid growth, and pronounced vascularity. Overall, in this high risk case of SCGT, the close follow up and evidence-based management with utilization and collaboration of a multidisciplinary team including Maternal Fetal Medicine, NICU, and Pediatric Surgery in a tertiary center resulted in a successful outcome.

Prenatal Management of High Risk Fetal Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

Introduction: Fetal sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCGT), the most common fetal neoplasm diagnosed in fetuses, are a rare condition with an estimated incidence of 1 in 40,0000 live births. Fetal SCGT is usually suspected when characteristic findings are seen on ultrasound such as a mass that is cystic and/or solid and is located in the sacral region. MRI may also be used to more accurately characterize the tumor and to help distinguish between SCGTs and distal neural tube defects like sacral meningomyelocele. Despite advances in ultrasound and MRI, only approximately 50% are diagnosed prenatally. The detection of fetal SCGT is important because it changes pregnancy monitoring and management as it is associated with fetal hydrops, intrauterine death, polyhydramnios, mirror syndrome, and mortality rates as high as 43%. Once an SCGT has been identified, serial ultrasound evaluation of the fetus, placenta, and SCGT is important to identify early signs of fetal hydrops, fetal anemia, or cardiac failure and to intervene as appropriate. Case Report: A 40-year-old G5P4004 was referred to Maternal Fetal Medicine (MFM) due to findings of a 1 cm mass near the fetal bladder on first trimester ultrasound. She had a level II ultrasound performed by MFM at 16.2 weeks where a 3.6 x 2.3 x 2.6 cm mass was identified. This mass was adjacent to the sacrococcygeal region. Due to its location and characteristic appearance, with both cystic and solid components with high vascularity, a fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma was suspected. There were no signs of hydrops or fetal anemia. At this time, the recommendation for management was: ultrasounds every 2 weeks to assess for hydrops and fetal anemia, growth ultrasound every 4 weeks, an echocardiogram by pediatric cardiology at 22-24 weeks, a fetal MRI at 28 weeks, and delivery between 37-39 weeks or earlier pending clinical course. At 24.2 weeks, she developed polyhydramnios with a maximum vertical pocket (MVP) of 10.5 cm. She had also failed her 1-hour glucose tolerance test with a value of 287 mg/dL. Due to the new finding of polyhydramnios and diagnosis of gestational diabetes, her monitoring was increased to weekly, with biophysical profile (BPP) starting at 28 weeks and weekly nonstress tests (NST) at 32 weeks. A fetal MRI was performed at 26.4 weeks and showed a large lesion extending off the sacrococcygeal region measuring 9.6 x 6.3 x 7.7 cm that was composed of both solid and cystic components. By 32.2 weeks, she developed severe polyhydramnios with an AFI of 36.0 cm and accelerated fetal growth due to an AC &gt; 99th percentile. The last ultrasound she had at 34.2 weeks the SCGT measured 17.7 x 13.3 x 13.6 cm and severe polyhydramnios persisted. The patient went into preterm labor at 35.2 weeks and had a cesarean section due to known SCGT measuring greater than 5 cm. Immediately after delivery, the neonate was evaluated by the neonatal team and transferred to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The infant had surgical resection of the mass and will have tumor markers, AFP and LDH, monitored for development of recurrent immature or mature teratoma. The pathology report confirmed the diagnosis for benign sacrococcygeal teratoma. Discussion: Failure to diagnose a fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma has potentially catastrophic consequences for the fetus and mother. Maternal complications include hyperemesis, preeclampsia, mirror syndrome, preterm labor, and HELLP syndrome. Significant obstetric complications can be as high as 81%. Intrauterine fetal complications include fetal hydrops from high-output failure, fetal anemia, intratumoral hemorrhage, polyhydramnios, genitourinary obstruction leaking to hydronephrosis and or hydroureter. SCGT size &gt;10 cm or tumor with rapid growth has &gt; 50% perinatal mortality. Tumor characteristics associated with higher mortality rates are early diagnosis, solid components, high vascularity, tumor size &gt; 10 cm, and rapid growth &gt; 150 cm3/week. Another way to risk stratify these patients is by calculating a tumor volume to fetal weight ratio (TFR), which if &gt; 0.12 at &lt; 24 weeks is predictive of an overall poor prognosis. When comparing this case to literature review of sacrococcygeal teratomas, the patient’s fetal SCGT would be classified as high risk of mortality due to the tumor characteristics of early diagnosis, TFR at 20 weeks being 0.16, large size, rapid growth, and pronounced vascularity. Overall, in this high risk case of SCGT, the close follow up and evidence-based management with utilization and collaboration of a multidisciplinary team including Maternal Fetal Medicine, NICU, and Pediatric Surgery in a tertiary center resulted in a successful outcome.

Investigation of electrospinning parameters and fiber collection methods on morphology of thermoplastic polyester elastomer fibers

Electrospinning is an easy and simple process for the preparation of ultrafine fibers with tunable morphology. Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPEs) are engineering polymers with an elastomeric nature that can be processed as thermoplastics. They can be classified based on their chemical structure and polyester-based TPEs are counted as high-performance materials due to their mechanical properties and can be used for various applications from automotive, construction, furniture, and consumer goods. In this study, electrospun polyester-based thermoplastic elastomer fibers were prepared and characterized. Thermoplastic polyester elastomer, Hytrel 4056 was used as the polymer, and chloroform was used as a solvent. The effects of polymer: solvent weight ratio, feed rate, applied voltage, and collector type were investigated in terms of fiber formation and morphology. For this aim, the polymer: solvent weight ratio was varied as 1:7, 1:11, and 1:15; the feed rate was set to 1 and 3 ml h-1. To collect the fibers metal plate and water bath collectors were used at a constant needle-to-collector distance under 10, 15, and 20 kV. The viscosity of the polymer solutions was measured as a function of the polymer: solvent ratio to observe the effects of viscosity on fiber morphology.

GDF11 OVEREXPRESSION ALLEVIATES SEPSIS-INDUCED LUNG MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL BARRIER DAMAGE BY ACTIVATING SIRT1/NOX4 SIGNALING TO INHIBIT FERROPTOSIS.

Sepsis is a lethal clinical syndrome, and acute lung injury (ALI) is the earliest and most serious complication. We aimed to explore the role of growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) in sepsis-induced dysfunction of lung microvascular endothelial barrier in vivo and in vitro to elucidate its potential mechanism related to sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) signaling. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs) were used in this study. Histopathological changes in lung tissues were tested by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Lung wet-to-dry weight ratio and inflammatory factors contents in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were assessed. Evens blue index, trans-epithelial electrical resistance, and expression of zona occludens 1 (ZO-1), occludin-1, and claudin-1 were used to evaluate alveolar barrier integrity. Reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptosis markers were analyzed. Iron deposition in the lung tissues was assessed using Prussian blue staining. Intracellular Fe 2+ level was detected using FerroOrange staining. Additionally, expression of GDF11, SIRT1, and NOX4 was estimated with western blot. Then, EX527, a SIRT1 inhibitor, was employed to treat GDF11-overexpressed PMECs with LPS stimulation to clarify the regulatory mechanism. Results showed that GDF11 overexpression attenuated sepsis-induced pathological changes and inflammation and maintained alveolar barrier integrity. Moreover, GDF11 overexpression inhibited ferroptosis, upregulated SIRT1 expression and downregulated NOX4 expression. Additionally, EX527 treatment relieved the impacts of GDF11 overexpression on ferroptosis and destruction of integrity of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells exposed to LPS. Taken together, GDF11 overexpression could alleviate sepsis-induced lung microvascular endothelial barrier damage by activating SIRT1/NOX4 signaling to inhibit ferroptosis. Our findings potentially provide new molecular target for clinical therapy of ALI.

Optimization of Human Posture Recognition based on Multi-view Skeleton Data Fusion

This research introduces a novel method for fusing multi-view skeleton data to address the limitations encountered by a single vision sensor in capturing motion data, such as skeletal jitter, self-pose occlusion, and the reduced accuracy of three-dimensional coordinate data for human skeletal joints due to environmental object occlusion. Our approach employs two Kinect vision sensors concurrently to capture motion data from distinct viewpoints extract skeletal data and subsequently harmonize the two sets of skeleton data into a unified world coordinate system through coordinate conversion. To optimize the fusion process, we assess the contribution of each joint based on human posture orientation and data smoothness, enabling us to fine-tune the weight ratio during data fusion and ultimately produce a dependable representation of human posture. We validate our methodology using the FMS public dataset for data fusion and model training. Experimental findings demonstrate a substantial enhancement in the smoothness of the skeleton data, leading to enhanced data accuracy and an effective improvement in human posture recognition following the application of this data fusion method.

Porcine lungs perfused with three different flows using the 8-h open-atrium cellular ex vivo lung perfusion technique.

The number of lung transplantations is limited due to the shortage of donor lungs fulfilling the standard criteria. The ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) technique provides the ability of re-evaluating and potentially improving and treating marginal donor lungs. Accordingly, the technique has emerged as an essential tool to increase the much-needed donor lung pool. One of the major EVLP protocols, the Lund protocol, characterized by high pulmonary artery flow (100% of cardiac output [CO]), an open atrium, and a cellular perfusate, has demonstrated encouraging short-EVLP duration results. However, the potential of the longer EVLP duration of the protocol is yet to be investigated, a duration which is considered necessary to rescue more marginal donor lungs in future. This study aimed to achieve stable 8-h EVLP using an open-atrium cellular model with three different pulmonary artery flows in addition to determining the most optimal flow in terms of best lung performance, including lung electrolytes and least lung edema formation, perfusate and tissue inflammation, and histopathological changes, using the porcine model. EVLP was performed using a flow of either 40% (n = 6), 80% (n = 6), or 100% (n = 6) of CO. No flow rate demonstrated stable 8-h EVLP. Stable 2-h EVLP was observed in all three groups. Insignificant deterioration was observed in dynamic compliance, peak airway pressure, and oxygenation between the groups. Pulmonary vascular resistance increased significantly in the 40% group (p < .05). Electrolytes demonstrated an insignificant worsening trend with longer EVLP. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) in perfusate and tissue, wet-to-dry weight ratio, and histopathological changes after EVLP were insignificantly time dependent between the groups. This study demonstrated that stable 8-h EVLP was not feasible in an open-atrium cellular model regardless of the flow of 40%, 80%, or 100% of CO. No flow was superior in terms of lung performance, lung electrolytes changes, least lung edema formation, minimal IL-8 expression in perfusate and tissue, and histopathological changes.

Development of Enteric-Coated Tablet with a Unique Combination of Therapeutic and Nutraceutical Actives to Treat Colitis

The primary objectives of the current investigation were to design and characterize enteric-coated oil of ginger tablets in coconut water powdered form as a therapy for ulcerative colitis. One source that is both anti-inflammatory and high in electrolytes is a combination of ginger oil and powdered coconut water. By reducing inflammation and improving electrolyte and water balance, this combination will hasten the healing process. Starch 1500, microcrystalline cellulose, and ethyl cellulose were used to create enteric-coated tablets of ginger oil alone and in combination with coconut water powder. The results corroborated the findings that there were no unique interactions between any of the substances, as demonstrated by the examination of both tablets, which included morphology, micrometric features, and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic capabilities. We studied the dissolving characteristics of coated tablets at pH 1.2, 6.8, and 7.4 in a buffer. Quantification of gingerol was accomplished by use of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) technology. The selected formulation’s therapeutic efficacy was lastly confirmed using a colitis model generated by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Tablets containing either ginger oil or a powdered combination of ginger oil as well as coconut water were compared in the research. Myeloperoxidase, lipid peroxidase, and histological assessment were calculated using the colitis model. The colon/body weight ratio was also measured. Research on animals has shown that a combination of the coated oil of ginger and the oil of coconut tablets, as opposed to ginger oil tablets alone, considerably improved the sick conditions in Wistar rats. The gain in weight and clinical improvements in the macroscopic and microscopic factors of induced colitis served as evidence of this. These results demonstrate the potential of coated tablets formulated with coconut water powder for the targeted delivery of ginger oil to the colon as well as for the improvement of colon health through the balance of micronutrients and water content. It is not practical to increase the dosage to compensate for metabolic loss while using ginger oil because of its strong taste and strength. Therefore, the formulation of choice is enteric coating. As enteric coating tablets target the intestine as the site of action, it is possible to use less potent ginger oil. Due to the inclusion of coconut water powder, the formulation not only helps cure the illness state but also promotes and supports a speedy recovery.

Ionic Liquid-Based Immunization Patch for the Transdermal Delivery of Antigens.

Herein, we report a transdermal patch prepared using an ionic liquid-based solid in oil (IL-S/O) nanodispersion and a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) to deliver the macromolecular antigenic protein, ovalbumin (OVA). The IL-S/O nanodispersion and a PSA were first mixed at an equal weight ratio, then coated onto a release liner, and covered with a support film. To evaluate the effect of the PSA, three types of PSAs, DURO-TAK 87-4098, DURO-TAK 87-4287, and DURO-TAK 87-235A, were used to obtain the corresponding IL-S/O patches SP-4098, SP-4287, and SP-235A, respectively. The prepared IL-S/O patches were characterized for surface morphology, viscoelasticity, and moisture content. In vitro skin penetration and in vivo immunization studies of the IL-S/O patches were performed using Yucatan micropig skin and the C57BL/6NJc1 mice model, respectively. The SP-4098 and SP-4287 delivered 5.49-fold and 5.47-fold higher amounts of drug compared with the aqueous formulation. Although both patches delivered a similar amount of drug, SP-4287 was not detached fully from the release liner after 30 days, indicating low stability. Mice immunized with the OVA-containing SP-4098 produced a 10-fold increase in anti-OVA IgG compared with those treated with an aqueous formulation. These findings suggested that the IL-S/O patch may be a good platform for the transdermal delivery of antigen molecules.

The effects of aerobic gymnastics training on performance-related variables in an elite athlete: a 2-year follow-up study.

This study investigates individual performance adaptations on 2years of training between European Aerobics Championships. An elite, 22-year-old aerobic gymnast performed postural coordination test, Y-Balance test, squat and countermovement jumps, 60s test of repeated jumps, an isokinetic leg muscle strength test, and the Wingate test. Postural stability and flexibility improved in terms of increased distance achieved in the Y-Balance test in the anterior (by 6.3%), posteromedial (by 2%), and posterolateral (by 4.8%) directions. Lower limb muscular endurance also increased, which can be corroborated by a reduced fatigue index in the 60s test of repeated jumps (from 42% to 27% after the 1st and to 22% after the 2nd year of training). In addition, mean power increased during dominant (by 23.2% at 60°/s and by 18.5% at 180°/s) and non-dominant leg extension (by 4.9% at 180°/s and by 15.5% at 300°/s), plus dominant leg flexion (by 2.0% at 60°/s and by 6.9% at 300°/s). Similarly, peak torque/body weight ratio increased during dominant (by 24.9% at 60°/s, by 11.5% at 180°/s, and by 2.1% at 300°/s) and non-dominant leg extension (by 0.5% at 60°/s and by 6.4% at 300°/s), plus dominant leg flexion (by 1.7% at 60°/s and by 5.4% at 300°/s). However, 2years of training failed to show any significant improvements in the explosive power of lower limbs and anaerobic performance. These findings indicate that general aerobic gymnastics training without any specific inputs leads to performance adaptation, namely, in abilities closely related to competition routine (dynamic balance and strength endurance of lower limbs).

Recent Advances in Polysaccharides from Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai.: Extraction, Purification, Structural Characteristics, Health Benefits, and Applications.

This article systematically reviews the extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics, structure-activity relationship, and health benefits of C. speciosa polysaccharides, and their potential application in food, medicine, functional products, and feed, in order to provide a useful reference for future research. Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai. has attracted the attention of health consumers and medical researchers as a traditional Chinese medicine with edible, medicinal, and nutritional benefits. According to this study, C. speciosa polysaccharides have significant health benefits, such as anti-diaetic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory effects. Researchers determined the molecular weight, structural characteristics, and monosaccharide composition and ratio of C. speciosa polysaccharides by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. This study will lay a solid foundation for further optimization of the extraction process of C. speciosa polysaccharides and the development of their products. As an active ingredient with high value, C. speciosa polysaccharides are worthy of further study and full development. C. speciosa polysaccharides should be further explored in the future, to innovate their extraction methods, enrich their types and biological activities, and lay a solid foundation for further research and development of products containing polysaccharides that are beneficial to the human body.