Weight Production Research Articles

Differential Efficacy of Storage Temperature and Postharvest Treatment on Shelf Life and Quality of Avocado Fruit (Persea americana Mill.).

Avocado fruit is a rich source of phytonutrients such as vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, carbohydrates, polyphenols and unsaturated fatty acids. However, due to its climacteric nature, fruits are highly susceptible to storage temperature, resulting in poor shelf life and reduced quality. In the present study avocado fruits (Accession CHES-HA-I/I) were stored at different low temperatures (5, 9 and 12°C with 90-95% relative humidity, RH) to identify optimum low temperature for cold storage. In a further experiment, avocado fruits were treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, 500ppb) and chitosan (0.5%) to extend the shelf life with better fruit quality. The results showed that storage temperatures had significant effect on physiological, biochemical and antioxidant activities of fruits. Lower physiological loss in weight (PLW), reduced respiration and ethylene production, and higher carbohydrates, protein and fat content were recorded in fruits stored at 9°C as compared to 12°C. Similarly, maximum antioxidant properties in terms of free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) was found in avocado fruits stored at 9°C. It was also noticed that chilling injury was developed in fruits stored under 5°C. In addition, exogenous application of 1-MCP significantly reduced respiration and ethylene production rate at 9°C and extended the shelf life up to 42days with better fruit quality and more antioxidant activities. However, chitosan treated and control fruits had shelf life up to 28 and 21days respectively, with minimum nutritional content. From this study it is concluded that a storage temperature of 9°C and 1-MCP treatment significantly enhanced the shelf life of avocado fruits with better fruit quality as compared to other storage temperatures (5 and 12°C) and postharvest treatment (chitosan).

Exploring genotypic variations in cotton associated with growth and nitrogen use efficiency

Low nitrogen (N) is a major limitation of cotton sustainability and productivity. N-efficient genotype cultivation can enhance productivity under the economical N usage. This study was conducted to characterize 15 cotton genotypes for N use efficiency (NUE) under differential N (0.0125 and 0.125 g kg−1 of sand) supply. All studied traits significantly responded to genotypes and N treatments. Under low N conditions, plants experienced reduced seedling height, root weight, shoot weight and total biomass (TDM) production, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, NPK content, and N uptake efficiency (NUpE). Thus, intercellular CO2 concentration, photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE), and NUtE enhanced in low N supply, although these changes varied in magnitude. Based on variations in TDM production (14.6–33.1%) and NUtE (3.3–20.4%), GH-Uhad, FH-Anmol, FH-Super, GH-Haadi, and SLH-Chandani were categorized as efficient and responsive (ER), while J-7, CIM-343, FH-155, FH-492, FH-444 found as inefficient and non-responsive. The efficient and non-responsive group contained FH-142, GH-Baghdadi, and FH-490 whereas FH-152 and Cyto-179 were classified as inefficient and responsive. The scoring method provided further insight into genotypic NUE related to biomass distribution, photosynthetic rate (Pn), NUpE, and NUtE under low N. The highest cumulative score (15-18) of ER genotypes for these attributes indicated selected traits orchestrated to determine the NUE. Moreover, agronomical and NUE-related traits were positively associated with Pn, suggesting that photosynthesis is a primary manipulator of plant growth which coordinates biomass production and NUE. Overall, cultivars exhibited greater genotypic variation for NUE, providing a scientific basis to evaluate the existing germplasm and proposing that cultivation of N-efficient genotypes can decrease N application and help cotton breeding for sustainable production.

Improvement of grain weight and crop water productivity in winter wheat by light and frequent irrigation based on crop evapotranspiration

Efficient use of scarce water resources to maximize yield and crop water productivity (WPc) is a common goal of sustainable and ecological agriculture in the North China Plain. To clarify whether light and frequent (LF) irrigation under the same or reduced amount of irrigation is beneficial to achieve this goal, and to further tap the water saving potential. Based on drip irrigation conditions, a three–year (2020–2023) field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of four irrigation treatments (CK, conventional irrigation at the jointing and anthesis stages; LF1, 100 % ETc, ETc is the crop evapotranspiration; LF2, 75 % ETc, LF3, 50 % ETc) on yield, water consumption characteristics, leaf photosynthetic physiology and grain filling process. The results showed that compared with CK, LF1 and LF2 significantly increased the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of flag leaves at 18 days after anthesis, promoted grain filling, and finally enhanced dry matter accumulation after anthesis, 1000–grain weight (TGW) and grain yield. LF irrigation management mode also increased the consumption of deep soil water (1.4–2.0 m), reduced soil water consumption and evapotranspiration, and significantly improved WPc and irrigation water productivity. However, LF1 and LF2 did not have significant yield enhancement in the wet year, but had one less irrigation than in the normal year. The LF2 achieved the highest WPc in three years (2.1 kg m–3), in the 25 % (37.5 mm) and 40 % (60 mm) less irrigation water in the normal and wet years, respectively. Meanwhile, the LF3 treatment reduced the number of spikes, TGW and dry matter accumulation to different degrees in three years, resulting in significantly lower yields (13.9 %–18.4 %), which cannot be used as a reference for an efficient irrigation system. Therefore, LF irrigation based on 75 % ETc is the best irrigation strategy to improve water utilization and yield in the North China Plain.

Foliar-applied melatonin and titanium nanoparticles modulate cadmium (Cd) toxicity through minimizing Cd accumulation and optimizing physiological and biochemical properties in sage (Salvia officinalis L.).

Notwithstanding the fact that melatonin (MT) and titanium nanoparticles (Ti NPs) alone have been widely used recently to modulate cadmium (Cd) stress in plants, there is a gap in the comparative impacts of these materials on lowering Cd toxicity in sage plants. The objective of this study was to determine how foliar application of MT and Ti NPs affected the growth, Cd accumulation, photosynthesis, water content, lipid peroxidation, and essential oil (EO) quality and quantity of sage plants in Cd-contaminated soils. A factorial experiment was conducted using MT at 100 and 200μM and Ti NPs at 50 and 100mg L-1 topically, together with Cd toxicity at 10 and 20mg Cd kg-1 soil. The results showed that Cd toxicity decreased plant growth and enhanced lipid peroxidation. The Cd stress at 20mgkg-1 soil resulted in increases in Cd root (693%), Cd shoot (429%), electrolyte leakage (EL, 29%), malondialdehyde (MDA, 72%), shoot weight (31%), root weight (27%), chlorophyll (Chl) a + b (26%), relative water content (RWC, 23%), and EO yield (30%). The application of MT and Ti NPs controlled drought stress by reducing MDA and EL, enhancing plant weight, Chl, RWC, and EO production, and minimizing Cd accumulation in plant tissues. The predominant compounds in the EO were α-thujone, 1,8-cineole, β-thujone, camphor, and α-humulene. MT and Ti NPs caused α-thujone to rise, whereas Cd stress caused it to fall. Based on heat map analysis, MDA was the trait that was most sensitive to treatments. In summary, the research emphasizes the possibility of MT and Ti NPs, particularly MT at 200μM, to mitigate Cd toxicity in sage plants and enhance their biochemical reactions.

Representations of the cyclotomic oriented Brauer-Clifford supercategory

Let k be an algebraically closed field with characteristic p different from 2. We generalize the notion of a weakly triangular decomposition in [7] to the super case called a super weakly triangular decomposition. We show that the underlying even category of locally finite-dimensional left A-supermodules is an upper finite fully stratified category in the sense of [6, Definition 3.34] if the superalgebra A admits an upper finite super weakly triangular decomposition. In particular, when A is the locally unital superalgebra associated with the cyclotomic oriented Brauer-Clifford supercategory in [1], the Grothendieck group of the category of left A-supermodules admitting finite standard flags has a g-module structure that is isomorphic to the tensor product of an integrable lowest weight and an integrable highest weight g-module, where g is the complex Kac-Moody Lie algebra of type A2ℓ(2) (resp., B∞) if p=2ℓ+1 (resp., p=0).

PERANCANGAN SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN TNA DENGAN METODE PROFILE MATCHING DAN WEIGHT PRODUCT

There is a decrease in productivity in the Dyeing Finishing CPB and Dyeing Finishing Jet Dyeing sections. A decline in productivity occurred in 2020 - 2021 which was caused by employee competency not being achieved or a competency gap. The employee competency gap is caused by the Company not having standards in determining the type of training and training participants. The company only provides general training and has no direct effect on employee competency. Therefore, a system is needed that provides input regarding determining the type of training. The system that will be created is a decision support system with profile matching and product weight methods. Profile Matching aims to find gaps in competency which will ultimately provide recommendations regarding training participants and weight product will provide recommendations regarding the type of competency that requires training. With this research, it is hoped that it will be easier for the Head of the HRD Section of PT Nagasakti Kurnia Textile Mills to determine the type of training and training participants that will increase employee competency so that a decrease in employee performance due to competency gaps will not occur

Effects of gamma-ray irradiation dose and dose rates on the growth and radiosensitivity of soybean varieties Grobogan and Mutiara 1

Abstract Enhancing soybean production can be achieved through plant breeding, utilizing gamma ray radiation mutation techniques to develop superior varieties. Understanding radiosensitivity is crucial for comprehending the impact of radiation on plant morphology and physiology. This study aims to investigate the impacts of varying doses and dose rates of Cobalt-60 gamma radiation on the growth and development of two soybean varieties, Grobogan and Mutiara 1. This study was conducted to understand how varied radiation doses influence growth parameters and to determine the radiosensitivity, LD50 value, in mutants of the Grobogan and Mutiara 1 soybean varieties. The study employed a randomized complete design with two factors. The first factor was radiation dose ranging from 0 to 1000 Gy. The second factor was dose rate, categorized into low dose rate (219.5 Gy/hour) and high dose rate (4470.2 Gy/hour). The results revealed that the LD50 value of Grobogan variety was estimated at 588.56 Gy at a low dose rate and 657.17 Gy at a high dose rate, while the Mutiara 1 variety had an LD50 value estimate of 512.36 Gy at a low dose rate and 514.30 Gy at a high dose rate. The study also found that the gamma ray radiation dose in the seedling phase trial influenced several growth parameters, including germination percentage, seedling height, development of stem nodes, and formation of leaves. Furthermore, field phase trial showed that a range of radiation dose at 100-300 Gy led to an increase in the number of branches in both soybean varieties and plant height in the Grobogan variety. It also resulted in an increase in the production of pods and total weight of seeds in the Mutiara 1 variety. These findings offer valuable insights into optimizing radiation doses for increasing genetic diversity in soybean.

Genomic diversity, population structure, and genome-wide association reveal genetic differentiation and trait improvements in mango.

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) has been widely cultivated as a culturally and economically significant fruit tree for roughly 4000years. Despite its rich history, little is known about the crop's domestication, genomic variation, and the genetic loci underlying agronomic traits. This study employs the whole-genome re-sequencing of 224 mango accessions sourced from 22 countries, with an average sequencing depth of 16.37×, to explore their genomic variation and diversity. Through phylogenomic analysis, M. himalis J.Y. Liang, a species grown in China, was reclassified into the cultivated mango group known as M. indica. Moreover, our investigation of mango population structure and differentiation revealed that Chinese accessions could be divided into two distinct gene pools, indicating the presence of independent genetic diversity ecotypes. By coupling genome-wide association studies with analyses of genotype variation patterns and expression patterns, we identified several candidate loci and dominant genotypes associated with mango flowering capability, fruit weight, and volatile compound production. In conclusion, our study offers valuable insights into the genetic differentiation of mango populations, paving the way for future agronomic improvements through genomic-assisted breeding.

AGRONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF HUMIC AND FULVIC ACIDS, FUNGI, BACTERIA, USED IN THE CULTURE OF THE SECOND SAFRA

The implementation of the research took place in the period corresponding to the second harvest of the 2022/2023 agricultural year, by the company Pesquisa e Consultoria Agronômica, in geographic coordinates located at 28°18'18'' south latitude, 38°15' 21'' longitude west. The research aimed to evaluate, through the application of biological products, whether it would be possible to obtain more vigorous and productive plants, in order to quantify their agronomic efficiency, thus validating the use of new technological alternatives in nutritional management in corn cultivation. The P3707 hybrid was used and the composition of the treatments is T1: Control treatment with Azospirillum brasilense bacteria (AbV5) (0.100 L ha-1) (planting juice); T2: Azospirillum brasilense (AbV5) (0.100 L ha-1) + Trichoderma asperellum BV10 (0.100 L ha-1) + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (0.200 L ha-1) (planting juice); T3: Azospirillum baldaniorum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Bacillus proteolyticus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.200 kg ha-1) (planting juice); T4: Azospirillum brasilense (AbV5) (0.100 L ha-1) + Humic and fulvic acids, Azospirillum baldaniorum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Bacillus proteolyticus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.200 kg ha-1) (TS); T5: Humic and fulvic acids, Azospirillum brasilense (AbV5) (0.400 L ha-1) + Azospirillum baldaniorum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Bacillus proteolyticus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.400 kg ha-1) (planting juice); T6: Humic and fulvic acids, Azospirillum brasilense (AbV5) (0.100 L ha-1) + Azospirillum baldaniorum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Bacillus proteolyticus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.400 kg ha-1) (TS). The technological variables evaluated include plant population at the phenological stage (R5), plant height (V3 and R1), root diameter (V3 and R1), insertion height of the first ear, number of ears per plant, root volume (V3 and R1 ), fresh mass of roots (V3 and R1), dry mass of roots (V3 and R1), thousand grain weight, kilogram productivity per hectare. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and the means of the treatments compared using the Tukey method of separation of means, using R Core Team (2019) with a significance of 5%. The application of humic acid, fulvic acid, fungi, bacteria in seed treatment provided gains in fresh aerial part mass, grain weight and greater productivity of the corn crop.

Application For Determining The Best Tourism In Jombang District Using The Weighted Product Method Based On Android

This research aims to develop an Android application that uses the Weighted Product (WP) method to determine the best tourist destinations in Jombang Regency. In today's digital era, the need for applications that can help tourists in choosing tourist destinations that suit their preferences and needs is increasing. The Weighted Product Method was chosen because of its ability to evaluate and give weight to various factors that affect tourist satisfaction, such as natural beauty, supporting facilities, accessibility, and safety. This research follows a systematic approach using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) development model. The analysis stage includes identifying user needs, analyzing system requirements, and determining evaluation criteria. Furthermore, an application design that considers a friendly and functional user interface is created based on the results of the previous analysis. Application development is carried out by utilizing various latest technologies in Android software development. Application implementation involves trials using data on tourist destinations in Jombang Regency to test the effectiveness and accuracy in determining the best tourist destinations. Evaluation is done through feedback from users and analysis of comparison results between destination recommendations provided by the application and user preferences. It is expected that the results of this research will not only make a positive contribution to tourism development in Jombang Regency by improving the quality of service to tourists, but also become a foundation for further research in the development of similar applications using the Weighted Product Method.

Response of Malt Barley (<i>Hordeum distichum L.</i>) to Different Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates and Irrigation Levels Under Furrow Irrigation Methods in South Eastern Ethiopia

Nutrient availability to crops is a function of soil type, moisture condition, environment, crop type, and management and their interaction affects nutrient use efficiencies and crop growth conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum P rate and deficit irrigation level, as well as to identify the interactive effect of nutrient and moisture levels on yield and yield quality malt barley under irrigation in Ormiya region Tiyo district. The experiment was conducted at small plot level for three consecutive years from 2020/21 to 2022/23 G.C. This experiment was conducted at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center On-Station arranged by split-plot layout with RCBD design by three replications. Irrigation amounts (100%, 75% and 50%) were assigned the main plot and phosphorus fertilizer rates (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kg) corresponded to the subplot. The combined effect of irrigation levels and phosphorus fertilizer rate had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on malt barely grain yield, above-ground biomass, thousand kernel weight and water productivity but not on plant height, seeds per spike and protein content. The highest grain yield and above-ground biomass were 3.16 t/ha and 6.77 t/ha obtained from the application of 100% ETc with 30 kg of phosphorus fertilizer. The maximum water productivity (0.97 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) was observeat the application of 75% ETc with 30 kg of Phosphorus fertilizer while more profitable practice was found at 100% ETc with 30 kg of phosphorus application. The highest protein content (15.57%) was observed at the application of 50% deficit irrigation and the lowest (14.66%) was observed at 100% ETc irrigation application. Applying the optimum amount of irrigation with 30 Kg phosphorus fertilizer gives high grain and above biomass yield and is economically profitable in Tiyo district and agroecologies similar to Tiyo.

Construction of a high-density genetic map and QTL localization of body weight and wool production related traits in Alpine Merino sheep based on WGR

BackgroundThe Alpine Merino is a new breed of fine-wool sheep adapted to the cold and arid climate of the plateau in the world. It has been popularized in Northwest China due to its superior adaptability as well as excellent production performance. Those traits related to body weight, wool yield, and wool fiber characteristics, which are economically essential traits in Alpine Merino sheep, are controlled by QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci). Therefore, the identification of QTL and genetic markers for these key economic traits is a critical step in establishing a MAS (Marker-Assisted Selection) breeding program.ResultsIn this study, we constructed the high-density genetic linkage map of Alpine Merino sheep by sequencing 110 F1 generation individuals using WGR (Whole Genome Resequencing) technology. 14,942 SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) were identified and genotyped. The map spanned 2,697.86 cM, with an average genetic marker interval of 1.44 cM. A total of 1,871 high-quality SNP markers were distributed across 27 linkage groups, with an average of 69 markers per LG (Linkage Group). Among them, the smallest genetic distance is 19.62 cM for LG2, while the largest is 237.19 cM for LG19. The average genetic distance between markers in LGs ranged from 0.24 cM (LG2) to 3.57 cM (LG17). The marker density in the LGs ranged from LG14 (39 markers) to LG1 (150 markers).ConclusionsThe first genetic map of Alpine Merino sheep we constructed included 14,942 SNPs, while 46 QTLs associated with body weight, wool yield and wool fiber traits were identified, laying the foundation for genetic studies and molecular marker-assisted breeding. Notably, there were QTL intervals for overlapping traits on LG4 and LG8, providing potential opportunities for multi-trait co-breeding and further theoretical support for selection and breeding of ultra-fine and meaty Alpine Merino sheep.

INTERACTION EFFECT OF CHEMICAL AND ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF Gundelia rosea AT DIFFERENT PLANT DENSITIES IN THE FIELD

Field experiments were conducted at two locations, Grdarasha Research Field Station, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University – Erbil and Aquban special farm using randomized complete block design (RCBD) during two seasons 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 to study the effect of different plant densities and compost fertilizer of solid waste management and sorting of Akre district-Duhok province and NPK (20:20:20) fertilizer on growth and edible portion characteristics of Gundelia rosea. The results indicated that the plants of the two years age in the both locations produce the highest value of length, dimeter, fresh and dry weight of edible portion with space increasing between plants and rows. While, total fresh and dry weight increased with decreasing the distance between plants and rows. Compost and compost + NPK fertilizer significantly increasing all edible portion parameters in both locations. The interaction between density and fertilizer resulted that D5 and compost and compost +NPK treatment produce the maximum rate of length, dimeter, fresh and dry weight of edible portion, while D1 and compost and compost + NPK record the highest total fresh and dry weight production.

Selection of host plants for production of Clanis bilineata (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae).

Clanis bilineata Walker (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), a burgeoning edible insect, is experiencing rising demand in China and other regions. Despite this interest, larval production is currently constrained by the limitations of artificial production technologies, particularly the selection of optimal host plants. This study rigorously evaluated the performance of C. bilineatha larvae on four main host plants: round-leaf soybean, pointed-leaf soybean, black locust, and kudzu. Preference tests demonstrated that the larvae were most attracted to black locust (34.76 ± 4.65%), with subsequent preferences for kudzu (25.00 ± 6.12%), round-leaf soybean (23.17 ± 2.79%), and pointed-leaf soybean (14.02 ± 4.74%). No significant preference differences were noted between round-leaf soybean and either black locust or kudzu. In feeding assays, the larvae exhibited a marked preference for round-leaf soybean (37.36 ± 0.81 g, total feeding amount for larvae), followed by kudzu (37.26 ± 0.82 g), pointed-leaf soybean (35.38 ± 1.31 g), and black locust (28.53 ± 0.81 g). When the larvae were fed on round-leaf soybean, they exhibited significantly higher survival rate (39.33 ± 0.90%), body weight (9.75 ± 0.07 g), total biomass (383.43 ± 7.35 g), pupation rate (87.78 ± 1.73%), and egg production (189.80 ± 1.06 eggs/female) compared to other hosts. These findings uncovered that round-leaf soybean significantly enhances larval performance, suggesting its potential for improving C. bilineata larval production and sustainability in cultivation systems.

Short-term feeding of high-fat diet induces neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in arcuate nucleus in rats

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of high-fat diet-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of obese-prone and obese-resistant rats. Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into obese-prone and obese-resistant groups based on their initial body weight. They were then fed either a 5% or 60% fat-containing diet. In the ARC, the expression of inflammatory markers [Interleukin (IL-6); Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Inhibitor Alpha (NFKBIA); Cluster of Differentiation (CD)-66; and mucin-like hormone receptor-like 1 (EMR-1)], as well as levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes (glutathione and glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase), was assessed along with body weight, blood glucose, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, plasma insulin and plasma leptin levels after ten days of intervention. Results: The results showed a significantly higher expression of inflammatory markers in the ARC of high-fat diet-induced obese rats after ten days. Body weight, plasma insulin, plasma leptin and hydrogen peroxide production were also significantly higher in obese-prone rats fed a high-fat diet. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that short-term consumption of a high-fat diet can lead to hypothalamic inflammation and ROS production in the ARC of rats. Obese-prone rats exhibited hyperinsulinaemia and hyperleptinaemia after short-term high-fat diet consumption.

Comparative Analysis of SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) Method, WP (Weight Product), and SMART (Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique) for Sacrificial Sheep Selection.

In implementing urban worship, it is often difficult for shohibul qurban to determine the quality of urban animals because it has several criteria/requirements that must be met so that the animals are sacrificed according to sharia. This study aims to analyze the decision support system method for selecting qurban animals using the SAW (Simple Additive Weighting), WP (Weight Product), and SMART (Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique) methods. The results showed that the WP method has an accuracy rate of 99.998% so this method is the most feasible to use for the selection of sacrificial sheep when compared to the SMART and SAW methods with the calculation results in the level of suitability at 99.994% for the SAW method and 99.876% for the SMART method. Sheep 4 has the highest weight ranking of other sheep in all methods, scoring 0.923 in the SAW method, 0.1727 in the WP method, and 17.8 in the SMART method. Sheep 4 criteria is the ideal criteria for a sacrificial animal.

Cohesive phycoremediation of pyrene by freshwater microalgae Selenastrum sp. and biodiesel production and its assessment.

In this study, the freshwater microalgae Selenastrum sp. was assessed for the effective degradation of pyrene and simultaneous production of biodiesel from pyrene-tolerant biomass. The growth of algae was determined based on the cell dry weight, cell density, chlorophyll content, and biomass productivity under different pyrene concentrations. Further, lipids from pyrene tolerant culture were converted into biodiesel by acid-catalyzed transesterification, which was characterized for the total fatty acid profile by gas chromatography. Increased pyrene concentration revealed less biomass yield and productivity after 20days of treatment, indicating potent pyrene biodegradation by Selenastrum sp. Biomass yield was unaffected till the 20mg/L pyrene. A 95% of pyrene bioremediation was observed at 20days of culturing. Lipid accumulation of 22.14%, as evident from the estimation of the total lipid content, indicated a marginal increase in corroborating pyrene stress in the culture. Fatty acid methyl esters yield of 63.06% (% per 100g lipids) was noticed from the pyrene tolerant culture. Moreover, fatty acid profile analysis of biodiesel produced under 10mg/L and 20mg/L pyrene conditionshowed escalated levels of desirable fatty acids in Selenastrum sp., compared to the control. Further, Selenastrum sp. and other freshwater microalgae are catalogued for sustainable development goals attainment by 2030, as per the UNSDG (United Nations Sustainable Development Goals) agenda. Critical applications for the Selenastrum sp. in bioremediation of pyrene, along with biodiesel production, are enumerated for sustainableand renewable energy production and resource management.

Comparisons and influence temperature humidity index to dairy cow productivity based on farm altitude

This study aimed to determine the differences and effects of the Temperature Humidity Index (THI) on dairy cows’ productivity in West Java based on differences in farm altitude. Categorization based on area altitude can be divided into low altitude (<700 m asl), moderate (700-1000 m asl), and high (> 1,000 m asl). The parameters observed were body size, body weight, and milk production which were supplemented by environmental conditions namely temperature and humidity. The method used is a survey and direct observation by simple random sampling of animals. The results showed differences in environmental conditions, namely temperature and humidity in each dairy farm with different altitudes. Meanwhile, the performance of milk production is relatively the same even though variations in the performance of body measurements and weight of dairy cows in each region. It can be concluded that heat environmental conditions with high THI can cause cows to suffer from heat stress so that productivity decreases.

AGRONOMIC AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LOWLAND RICE CULTIVATION USING THE INTEGRATED CROP AND LAND MANAGEMENT APPROACH

The research investigated the implementation of Integrated Crops and Land Management (ICLM) model, a holistic farming approach combining various technological elements to enhance productivity. Conducted from April to September 2022 in Bhuana Jaya Village, Tenggarong Seberang Sub-District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, on an 8-hectare site, the research focused on key components: utilization of superior rice varieties (Mekongga, Cakrabuana Agritan, and Ciherang Janger), spaced planting methodology (Jajar Legowo), and a balanced fertilization approach encompassing chemical, organic, soil conditioner, and biological fertilizers (50 kg Urea, 300 kg NPK Phonska, 400 kg Petroganik, 10 kg Antazam, and 10 kg Petrobio ha-1, respectively). Liquid Organic Biofertilizer (LOB) were introduced at a rate of 10-20 liters ha-1. The research assessed vital parameters such as plant height, tiller count, panicle length, branch number per panicle, panicle weight, and rice productivity. Statistical analyses included t-tests for plant response and F-tests to evaluate the model's impact on productivity. Economic viability was gauged using the Benefit-Cost (B/C) ratio. The findings revealed substantial productivity gains: 4.13-6.03 t MDG ha-1 (Mekongga), 7.02 t MDG ha-1 (Cakrabuana Agritan), and 7.85 t MDG ha-1 (Ciherang Janger). Moreover, the economic analysis resulted in a favorable ratio of 2.15, indicating the model's financial viability or increased by 69-73%.

Effect of oxytocin use during colostrum harvest and the association of cow characteristics with colostrum yield and immunoglobulin G concentration in Holstein dairy cows

Our objectives were to determine the effect of oxytocin use during colostrum harvest on colostrum yield and IgG concentration in Holstein dairy cows on a commercial dairy in New York and to describe associations of cow characteristics with these outcomes. Animals were enrolled between July and October 2023 using a randomized block design, with day of enrollment as the unit of randomization. A median (range) of 10 (3-19) cows were enrolled per day. Treatments were (1) 40 IU oxytocin (OXY40), (2) 20 IU oxytocin (OXY20), and (3) an untreated control group (CNTR). Oxytocin was administered i.m. ∼45 s before unit attachment in a rotary parlor. Colostrum weight was measured using the colostrum bucket-embedded scale or a platform scale when the yield was less than the smallest bucket scale. The concentration of IgG ([IgG]) in colostrum was determined using radial immunodiffusion and used to calculate total IgG, and DM (%) was determined by oven drying. Individual cow characteristics such as parity, calf sex, weight, dystocia score, stillbirth, and milk production in wk 4 of lactation; additionally, for multiparous cows, dry period length and previous lactation dry-off linear SCS were collected. Data were analyzed separately for primiparous and multiparous cows using backward stepwise elimination. To produce final mixed effects ANOVA models, primiparous cows (n = 201) were randomized to 35.8% (n = 72) OXY40, 32.8% (n = 66) OXY20, and 31.3% (n = 63) CNTR. Multiparous groups (n = 435) were randomized to 34.7% (n = 151) OXY40, 29.7% (n = 129) OXY20, and 35.6% (n = 155) CNTR. The median (range) colostrum yield was 6.0 (0-20.6) kg and [IgG] was 98.5 (0.1-293.6) g/L in the study population. In primiparous cows, OXY40 had a higher colostrum yield (LSM [95% CI]) of 5.4 (4.9-5.9) kg compared with both OXY20 (4.1 [3.5-4.7] kg) and CNTR (3.8 [3.3-4.3] kg). In multiparous cows, OXY40, OXY20, and CNTR did not differ in colostrum yield (5.9 [5.3-6.5], 5.7 [5.1-6.3], and 5.4 [4.8-6.0] kg, respectively), but colostrum yield was greater in parity 2 compared with all other parities, cows giving birth to male calves, cows with the highest milk production at wk 4 of lactation, and cows with a dry period of >65 d. Oxytocin use did not affect [IgG] in either primiparous or multiparous cows, but [IgG] was highest in cows in parity ≥4 and lowest in cows dry >65 d. In summary, oxytocin use at 40 IU i.m. was associated with a higher colostrum yield in primiparous cows only and no change in [IgG]. Oxytocin use likely addressed disturbed milk ejection and therefore increased colostrum yield in heifers milked for the first time in a rotary parlor. This study confirms cow characteristics associated with colostrum production within a single herd.