Pod Weight Research Articles

Phenotypic diversity among cowpea mutants and accessions for grain yield and yield components

Phenotypic characterization of cowpea germplasm collections is an essential step for the cowpea genetic improvement. The objectives of the study were to determine the phenotypic diversity and characterize cowpea mutants and accessions for grain yield and yield components, to identify their superiority, and to determine the correlation between measured characteristics. Thirty-one cowpea genotypes (16 Namibian mutants, seven International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) genotypes and eight South Africa genotypes) were planted in five different environments in South Africa during the 2021/2022 cropping season. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) genotype, environment and genotype by environment interaction effects were observed for all grain yield and yield components. Moderate to high broad-sense heritability (H2) (> 50%) was observed for all yield components. Superior Namibian Mutants (ShR10P12, ShR3P4, ShR4P1 and BrR11P2), IITA genotype (98K-476-8) and South African genotype (Enchore) were identified for grain yield (GY), number of seeds per plant (NSPPx), pod weight per plant (PWP) and number of pods per plant (NPP). There were significant positive correlations between most of the yield components. In the principal component analysis, Namibian mutant genotypes ShL2P7, ShR4P1, NKR1P3 and BrR11P2 were associated with high NSPPx, PWP and GY. The clustered heat map identified a group of Namibian mutants (NKR1P3, BrR11P2, ShL2P7, ShR2P11 and ShR10P12), IITA genotype (98K-47-8) and South African genotypes (Glenda, Dr Saunders, Enchore, and Oloyin) which was associated with high GY, PWP, NSPPx, NPP, seed weight per plant (SWP) and harvest index (HI). The identified superior cowpea mutants for grain yield and yield components can be used for cowpea improvement.

Morphological and Nutritional Variation of Moringa Oleifera Lam Grown in Different Districts of Bangladesh

Moringa, a multi-purpose and highly valued tree that possesses pharmacological properties which are widely used in medicine to treat a variety of diseases. The current study aimed to collect superior accessions from Bangladesh’s key moringa-growing regions through in-situ evaluation and document them by using morphological (qualitative and quantitative) traits and nutritional value in order to conserve the best indigenous landraces. Four major moringa growing regions in Bangladesh were selected namely, Chapai Nawabganj, Rangpur, Lalmonirhat and Rangamati. Twelve moringa accessions were collected during 2019-2020 based on the farmer’s preferences and morphological traits. The information on 35 quantitative and 16 qualitative aspects was analyzed using the International Plant Genetic Resource Institute (IPGRI), 2007 technique. The results demonstrated that flowering and fruiting occurred yearly in seasonal accession and three times per year in year-round accession. The flowers ranged in color from white to cream and year-round accession s MO8 and MO10 had corollas that were white with red spots. The seasonal accession’s MO1 exhibited the highest pods (97.22 g) weight, while the year-round accession’s MO12 had the lowest (45.16 g) pod weight. Leaves contained more than two times higher protein (23–34%) compared to pods (11–18%). As with nutrients, leaves had much higher levels of Ca and Fe (2137 to 3633 ppm and 252 to 424 ppm, respectively) than pods (2013 to 2875 ppm and 54- 69 ppm, respectively). Overall, the findings imply that there were numerous changes in the most important qualitative and quantitative traits as well as nutrients available in different parts of moringa. The information and analysis from these investigations could contribute to the genetic development of the species. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2022) 26 (2) : 33-49

Evaluation of Suitable Smart Irrigation System for Black Gram

A field experimental study was conducted during summer season (2023) at Eastern farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to evaluate suitable irrigation method for black gram. The experiment was laid out in a strip plot design which comprise main plot treatments such as M1 – Drip Irrigation, M2 –Micro sprinkler Irrigation, M3 – Rain hose Irrigation and M4 – Conventional Irrigation and subplot consists of different depths for placement of soil moisture sensor viz., D1 – 5 cm , D2 – 10 cm and D3 – 15 cm. The growth attributes viz., plant height, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant were significantly higher in drip irrigation system with sensor depth of 15cm. The root length and root dry weight were significantly greater in Rain hose irrigation with sensor placed at depth of 15 cm. The yield attributes viz., number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of seeds per plant, pod weight per plant, pod length, test weight, grain yield and haulm yield were significantly higher in drip irrigation with sensor placed at depth of 15 cm. The average grain yield of drip irrigation method is 31.7 per cent higher than the grain yield of conventional irrigation method. Higher grain yield of 1159 kg ha -1 was obtained in drip system with sensor placed at the depth of 15 cm.

Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) Pada Beberapa Jenis Pupuk Kotoran Hewan dan Gandasil D

This study used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor was planting media (M) which consisted of three categories, namely: topsoil (M0), mixed soil and goat manure with a ratio of 2:1 (M1), soil and chicken manure with a ratio 2:1 (M2). The second factor was foliar fertilizer (P), which consisted of no foliar fertilizer (P0) and application of gandasil D fertilizer (P1). The results showed that the M0 treatment had a significant effect on the weight of the pods and the fresh weight of the plant, but did not have a significant effect on the plant height, the number of branches and the flowering time. The application of gandasil D has no significant effect on all observed variables. The combination of media type and gandasil D had a significant effect on plant height at 3 WAP in the M2P1 treatment, the number of pods in the M2P1 treatment, the weight of the pods planted in the M0P1, M0P0 treatments, and the fresh pod weight in the M0P0, M2P1, M1P0 treatments, but had no significant effect on plant height, number of branches and flowering time. In the observed variables of pod weight and fresh pod weight, the application of animal manure gave a good response to the availability of nutrients that can be absorbed by plants.

The Correlation Indicators and Traits of Morpho-economic Characteristics of Foreign and Local Genotypes of Mungbean in the Field Conditions of the Tashkent Region

The article reveals the morphological and economic characteristics of plants of 25 local and foreign genotypes of mung bean crops in the field conditions of Uzbekistan: the height of the main stem, the distance between the ground and the branch, the number of the bearing yield branches, number of pods per plant, the pod weight, the pod length, number of grains in a pod, one pod in a pod, grain weight and the weight of 1000 grains as well as the results of their correlation analysis.
 According to the morphological and economic characteristics of plants of 25 local and foreign genotypes of mung bean crops in the field conditions of the Tashkent region it was determined that the local varieties Durdona, Baraka, Barkaror, Marzhon, the local line of L-8, L-22, L-88, L-92, and foreign lines AVMU2003, AVMU2004, AVMU1681, AVMU2002 have higher rates compared to other varieties and lines. It has been found that there is a strong positive relationship between the number of grains in a pod and the weight of grains in a pod, as well as the weight of grains in a pod at a weight of 1000 grains.

Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis in Advanced Matromorphic Generations of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Background: Garden pea is an important leguminous vegetable crop but the lack of high yielding and stable varieties is the major constraint. There is a need to explore genetic variability for the crop improvement programs. Considering this, the current investigation was aimed to study the genetic variability and relationship among the yield and its contributing traits in advanced matromorphic progenies for effective production. Methods: A two year experiment was carried out at SKUAST- Chatha, Jammu during the cropping season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 to find out the genetic variability parameters, path coefficient and correlation studies for thirteen yield contributing traits in twenty two garden pea genotypes (twelve advanced matromorphic progenies and ten parental lines). Result: The results revealed high variability among the tested genotypes. The values of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were greater as compared to the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits. High heritability along with genetic advance ( greater than 20%) was observed for all the traits whereas pod length (PL) and shelling percentage (SP) were exceptions. Pod yield per plant ( PYPP) had positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation with node at which first flower appears (NFFA), plant height(PH), internodal distance (ID), no. of pods per node (NPPN), pod length (PL), no. of seeds per pod(NSPP), no. of pods per plant (NPP), days to first picking (DFF), average pod weight (APW) and shelling percentage (SP). Positive direct effect on pod yield per plant (PYPP) was exhibited by traits viz., days to 50 per cent flowering (DFPF), node at which first flower appears (NFFA), internodal distance (ID), no. of pods per node (NPPN), pod width (PW), no. of seeds per pod (NSPP), no. of pods per plant (NPPP), days to first picking (DFP) and average pod weight (APW) in path coefficient analysis.

Diversity Assessment of Winged Bean [Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.] Accessions from IITA Genebank

The capability of winged bean to support food and nutrition security in sub-Saharan Africa is recurrently being affected by several constraints, which include a lack of genetic improvement. The dearth of adequate information on the level of available genetic diversity in winged bean germplasm has been a major setback in planning appropriate improvement programs. Fifteen winged bean accessions were assessed for genetic diversity using 10 quantitative traits and 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The accessions were laid out in RCBD with three replicates for two growing seasons. Leaf samples were obtained from 10 plants representing each accession for SSR marker genotyping. The accessions exhibited significant (p < 0.05) differences for measured traits. Broad-sense heritability estimates varied from 10.31% for days to first plant maturity to 72.67% for pod weight. Pod weight had a positive and significant correlations with pod length (0.53, p < 0.05), pod width (0.70, p < 0.01), and number of seeds per pod (0.64, p < 0.01). However, the number of seeds per pod was negatively correlated with days to maturity (−0.71, p < 0.01). Number of seeds per pod was positively predicted by pod weight, seed thickness, and days to maturity. Cluster analysis delineated the accessions into two distinct groups. Average number of alleles of 4.2, gene diversity of 0.25, and polymorphic information content of 0.22 were recorded. Analysis of molecular variance revealed intra-accession variation of 95% as compared to inter-accession variation of 5%. Two primary genetic groups were identified and only three accessions, namely TPt-6, TPt-126, and TPt-48, showed genetic purity. The results of this study provide the basis for exploiting the existing diversity for winged bean improvement.

Study the Genetic Performance of Some Faba Bean Genotypes Under Mosul Condition, Iraq.

Throughout the agricultural season fall 2020/2021, research has been carried out in the vegetable research field of the Dept. of Horticulture and Landscaping, Univ. of Mosul, to investigate the genetic performance of several Faba bean genotypes under consideration of Mosul conditions. Seeds of 7 bean cultivars were sown (S2009-175, FBSPN2, Aguadulce, ILD1814, Histal, Favada Orio, and Luzde otono). The genotypes differed considerably in all of the examined variables at a probability threshold of 5%, according to the results of an ANOVA table analysis of sources of variance. The genotype FBSPN2 has been superior in characteristics of plant height and seed yields regarding each of the experimental units. S2009-175 produced the maximum number of dry pods for each plant, Favada Orio in the trait of seed length and pod weight, and Histal produced the maximum diameter of a pod and number of seeds in each one of the pods and diameter of seed for each experimental unit. The genetic and phenotypic variance was high for the weight of the pods for each one of the plants, the weight of 100 seeds, and the height of the plant, according to the results of the genetic parameter analysis, and the percentage of heritability in a broader sense had exceeded 60% for the traits, number of pods, and plant length. For the experimental unit, dry pod weight for each plant, dry pods per plant, seed diameter, pod length and diameter, dry seed yield, and 100-seed weight were all high, and genetic improvement for pod weight, seed weight, and weight of a 100-seeds was high as well. Keywords: Faba bean, Seed properties, Genetic parameter, Genotypes, Heritability

The role of vermicompost on yield and alkaloid concentration of fenugreek

The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of vermicompost (0, 6, 12 and 18 g.pot-1 ), peat-moss (12mg.pot-1 ) and DiAmmonium Phosphate (DAP) (1g.pot-1 ) on some yield components (length, No. and weight of pods and No. and weight of seeds) and alkaloids concentration in seed of fenugreek according to the complete randomized design with six replicates. The study was achieved by using high-performance liquated chromatography (HPLC) technology. The analysis of HPLC data shows that the four alkaloids (choline, trigonelline, carpaine and gentianine) have been separated and purified. The result showed a significant difference between different fertilizer levels on yield components and alkaloid concentration, and treatment 12g.pot-1 gives a high value of the studied characteristics mentioned above. Also, results showed that seeds are rich in trigonelline. Keywords: alkaloids, vermicompost, trigonelline and fenugreek

Genetic Studies on Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Pole Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Lower Pulney Hills of Western Ghats

Background: In any crop improvement, hybridization among selected/chosen parents is the first foremost important step. Diversity among the genotypes is the basis for choice of parents. It requires knowledge on genetic nature of traits and such information will allow plant breeders to predict the response to selection in breeding programmes. Pole bean, a self pollinated crop, is morphologically diversity is high with distinguishable qualitative and variable quantitative traits. Methods: A field experiment was carried out at Horticultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Thadiyankudisai with 31 pole beans genotypes which were evaluated for nine characters. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design and replicated thrice. Result: Analysis of variance revealed the significant difference among genotypes for all the studied characters. Per se performance of the 31 genotypes showed that the genotype Pallathuvaikal local performed as the best genotype for number of pods per plant, pod weight, pod yield per plant, pod yield per plot and pod yield per hectare. The traits pod length, pod girth, number of pods per plant, pod weight and yield per plant had exhibited high to medium PCV and GCV. The results of heritability and genetic advance showed that the traits pod length, number of pods per plant, pod weight, yield per plant, yield per plot and yield per hectare had exhibited high degree of heritability and genetic advance.

Drought stress alleviation through nutrient management in Cyamopsis tetrogonoloba L.

Drought is one of the most serious issues since it reduces plant development and, as a result, yield significantly. This research is an attempt to provide an organic solution to combat the global issue of plant stress due to drought. To reduce the impact of drought on Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, the traditional preparation Panchagavya was used, and its effects on growth, photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic pigment synthesis, thylakoid protein composition, antioxidant activity, anatomy, and yield were investigated. Initially, drought had a negative effect on plant growth and other activities; however, as the duration of the treatment increased, the effect of drought decreased significantly. The plants that were under drought stress and were provided with nutrients, showed more plant growth and yield. Flavonoid and anthocyanin production was 50% higher in the plants under drought stress with nutrient supplementation than in the plants under drought stress and the control plants. The accumulation of 55, 47, 33, 27, and 20 kDa polypeptides of thylakoid protein also increased under nutrient conditions. Drought stress reduced overall fruit output by 10% relative to the control group (well irrigate plants). Nutrition management increased plant performance under stress conditions. Fresh & dry pod weights of control, drought stress, and drought with nutrients were recorded at 3.2 g & 0.6 g, 3 g & 0.52 g, and 4.5 g & 1.2 g, respectively. Under drought stress with nutrients, plants had more stomata per unit than control plants. This is the first study in which Panchagavya was used to alleviate drought. With the addition of beneficial nutrients, water use efficiency can be improved, and drought's negative impacts can be mitigated tangentially by activating plant physiological, biochemical, and metabolic processes. This study will add the crucial information required to determine the response of plants under drought stress conditions as well as how to alleviate its effects in a traditional organic way.

Quantifying the physiological, yield, and quality plasticity of Southern USA soybeans under heat stress

Climate change is causing an increase in air temperature during the reproductive and grain-filling stages, which is detrimental to soybean production and quality. Assessing the variability induced by heat stress in morpho-physiological, yield, and quality traits is an effective strategy for identifying heat-tolerant cultivars. In this study, ten soybean cultivars were exposed to temperatures 4.6 °C above the optimum (32 °C) from the R1 to R6 stages to investigate the heat stress-induced variability in morpho-physiological, yield, and quality traits. On average, stomatal conductance decreased by 11% under heat stress compared to the control. However, the cultivar R01–416F had the maximum increase in stomatal conductance (34%), and the least increase in canopy temperature ( + 2 °C) under the heat stress as compared to the control. Heat-stressed plants recorded a 3% reduction in chlorophyll content, with the cultivar DM45X61 experiencing the greatest decline of 22%. Across cultivars, specific leaf area decreased by 17% under heat stress, with G4620RX recording the highest reduction (28%). The results revealed a significant reduction in pod number (3.8%), pod weight (4%), seed number (4.2%), seed weight (5%), and hundred-seed weight (1.1%) per °C increase in temperature over the control. However, among the ten cultivars, R15–2422 and LS5009XS displayed relatively less reduction in seed number under heat stress. In comparison to the control, the cultivar R01–416F had the highest reduction in seed protein (4.4%) under heat stress, while it recorded a 16.6% increase in oil. Based on the phenotypic plasticity index, the cultivars R15–2422, and LS5009XS demonstrated the potential of maintaining higher yields under hot conditions. These findings highlight the significant impact of heat stress on soybean plasticity. The knowledge generated in this study helps in selecting and developing cultivars that can withstand heat stress, thus maintaining productivity and quality in warmer climates.

Evaluation of Performance of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Genotypes for Growth, Yield & Quality under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Condition

The experiment on evaluation of performance of cowpea genotypes (Vigna unguiculata L.) for growth, yield & quality under Prayagraj agro-climatic condition was conducted at Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj during 2022 in order to standardize the best genotype of Cowpea. Among the all genotype VNRCP-27 (G1) found to be the earliest. The Cowpea genotypes Sheetal (G10) had noticed more yield (556gram) per plant and (17.91 tonnes) per hac. under Prayagraj agro climatic conditions. The above genotype also recorded desirable values for pod parameters like length of pod (86.53 cm), weight of pod (23.07gram), which parameters deciding a better market acceptability. Thus, on the basis of growth characters, flowering behavior, yield characters, pod parameters cowpea genotype Kashi Gouri (G15) and cowpea genotypes Sheetal (G10) were found to be promising. While cowpea genotype VNRCP-27 (G1) found to be the highest T.S.S (5.90) among all genotypes.The highest profit and maximum benefit cost ratio (2.53) was observed in cowpea genotypes Sheetal (G10).

Evaluation of the Efficacy of the Inoculum Prepared from the Two Local Isolates enterobacter colacae and enterobacter ludwigii on Soybean (glycine max l.) Growth and Yield in Gypsiferous Soil under Different Molybdenum Levels

With the aim of reducing chemical fertilizers and relying on environmentally friendly natural biofertilizers that promote plant growth and increase yield, especially in gypsiferous soils spread in arid and semi-arid regions, which suffer from physical, chemical, fertility, and biological problems, which in turn affect the density of microorganisms, This experiment was conducted to study the efficiency of the inoculum prepared from the bacteria E. cloacae and E. ludwigii isolated from gypsiferous soils and molecularly characterized in improving the growth and yield of soybeans under different levels of molybdenum in gypsiferous soil, possibly due to its absence, particularly the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation. The results showed that the two treatments inoculated with E. cloacae and E. ludiwgii were significantly superior to the uninoculated treatment in all studied growth and yield traits and the percentage of nitrogen and protein in the seeds, and that the treatment inoculated with E. cloacae bacteria was superior to the treatment inoculated with E. ludiwgii bacteria in all traits, as well as the treatment fertilized at the level of 2 kg Mo ha-1 was significantly superior to the non-fertilized in all traits and showed The results of the interaction between inoculation and fertilization with molybdenum showed that the E. cloacae + 2 kg Mo ha-1 treatment was superior to the comparison treatment in all traits and gave values of 278 pod plant-1, 127.66 g plant-1, 6.23 tons ha-1, 6.27%, and 39.13%. 0.36%, 0.071% for the number of pods, weight of pods, grain yield, concentrations of nitrogen, protein, and molybdenum in the seeds, and the concentration of molybdenum remaining in the soil after harvest, respectively, compared to the comparison treatment that gave the values 150.67 pod plant-1, 68.33 g plant-1, 3.43 tons ha-1, 5.42%, 33.83%, 0.33%, and 0.068 for the aforementioned characteristics, respectively.

Nitrogen supply alleviates seed yield reduction by improving the morphology and carbon metabolism of pod walls in shaded rapeseed.

Shading significantly affects rapeseed yield, while reasonable nitrogen (N) application has efficiency gains. However, the functions and mechanisms of N are not fully established for shaded rapeseed plants. Therefore, we conducted a 2-year field experiment to study the effect of N on pod wall morphology and carbon metabolism of shaded rapeseed. Two varieties, three N rates (120 [N1], 240 [N2], and 360 [N3] kg hm-2 ) and two light intensities (100 and 70% light transmission) from 10 to 35 days after the end of flowering were set as experimental parameters. Shading decreased the pod wall chlorophyll content, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) activity and glucose content at 25 and 35 days after flowering (DAF). Decreased sucrose synthase (SuSy) and sucrose phosphate synthase activity caused by shading reduced sucrose and fructose content. They are responsible for the decline in the 1000-seed weight and a 22.1-37.6% decline in seed yield. More N under shading promoted pod elongation and pigment content, improved chloroplast ultrastructure, increased Rubisco and SuSy activity at 35 DAF, thus contributing to pod wall photosynthesis and fructose and glucose levels in shaded rapeseed plants. Similar trends were observed in pod number, pod weight, and seed weight, while the greatest increase in seed/wall ratio was observed under N2 for shaded rapeseed plants. The results indicated that N can reduce the yield difference between different light conditions and balance partitioning and conversion of photoassimilates in pod wall, but avoid applying an excessive amount of nitrogen.

Plastic-covered ridge-furrow planting increases pea (Pisum sativum L.) grain yield and rainwater use efficiency

ABSTRACT Drought is the most important cause of plant yield reduction in dry areas. Plastic mulch is one of the methods of maintaining soil moisture in these areas. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of plastic mulch and planting beds on rainwater use efficiency and yield in pea over two years. The experimental factors included plastic mulch (without plastic, plastic on the plant, and plastic on the soil) and planting bed (flat planting, planting in a 50 cm furrow, and planting in a 100 cm furrow). The results showed that the treatment of plastic mulch on the soil with planting in 50 cm furrows in the first year had the highest seed number per pod, single plant weight, fresh weight of empty pods, fresh pod yield, harvest index, leaf stomatal conductance, and rainwater use efficiency. Plastic mulch on the soil with planting in 50 cm furrows in the second year had the highest seed number per pod, leaf stomatal conductance, and soil moisture at a depth of 20 cm. In conclusion, plastic mulch with planting in a 50 cm furrow for the production of pea in dry and semi-dry conditions is recommended.

Selection of Suitable Genotypes Based on Physiological and Morphological Traits in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Aims: Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) as one of the most important oilseeds in the world, has a special role in cultivation and plant breeding research. Especially, the properties of rapeseed oil compounds, which have high oleic acid, antioxidant and positive effects on cholesterol, blood sugar control, blood pressure and cancer, make it one of the healthiest and most important edible oils in the world and an alternative to use Other vegetable oils have been introduced in recent years. Evaluation of different genotypes of Rapeseed in terms of different traits and selection of the most appropriate genotypes can be effective in realizing the goals of plant breeding.
 Study Design: In order to conduct the experiment, a randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used in three replications.
 Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Varamin region of Iran in 2019-2020.
 Methodology: Each experimental plot had 4 rows of cultivation at a distance of 50 cm. The seeds were planted at a distance of 10 cm from each other and all steps such as watering and weeding were done regularly and manually.
 Results: The results of analysis of variance at the level of 0.01 indicated that the evaluated genotypes have significant differences in terms of all traits except the number of grains in the pod. In the means comparison of the traits, grain yield and oil percentage traits, which were selected as the most important traits, the Licord genotype was selected as the most favorable genotype. Based on the correlation analysis between the traits, the trait of grain yield had a positive and significant correlation with the traits of thousand grain weight, number of pods in the main stem, pod weight, days to flowering and oil percentage. Based on analysis of the main components, the first five components accounted for more than 74% of the variance of the total data. The drawn polygon diagram also identified Licord, Hyola-401, SLM046, Modena and Option 500 genotypes as desirable genotypes.
 Conclusion: Non-invasive independent predictors for screening esophageal varices may decrease medical as well as financial burden, hence improving the management of cirrhotic patients. These predictors, however, need further work to validate reliability.

Impact of Integrated Use of Inorganic, Organic and Biofertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Aim: The experiment was carried out, to find out the impact of integrated use of inorganic, organic and biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of pea (Pisum sativum L.).
 Study Design: Experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Azad P-3 variety was grown to evaluate the effect of different treatments.
 Place and Duration of Study: It was conducted during 2021 at Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, DAV University, Jalandhar.
 Methodology: Thirteen treatments were used for the study which consisted of different combinations of organic, inorganic and biofertilizers (FYM, Vermicompost, NPK, Azotobacter and PSB) at different levels (100%, and 75% of the recommended dose of each nutrient). Observations were recorded on days to germination, days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, pod length (cm), number of pods per plant, pod weight (g), pod yield per plant (g/plant), pod yield per plot (Kg/plot), Shelling percentage (%), total soluble solids (TSS).
 Results: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant effect of integrated use of inorganic, organic and biofertilizerson growth, yield and quality under study. Lowest number of days to germination(10.63 days); days to first flowering(59.33 days);number of days to 50% flowering(78.26 days) was recorded in T4 (100% NPK+FYM+PSB). The same treatment also resulted in highest pod length (9.18cm);number of pods per plant (16.27); pod weight (8.49g);plant height (62.37cm);pod yield per plant (55.24 g); pod yield per plot (4.32 kg);TSS (16.480B) andshelling percentage % (52.50).
 Conclusion: It was observed that plants which were treated with the application of 100% NPK, FYM and PSB resulted in superior performance with respect to growth, yield and quality parameters of pea.

Effects of Wood Distillate (Pyroligneous Acid) on the Yield Parameters and Mineral Composition of Three Leguminous Crops

The excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture is increasing the demand for novel products to improve the quality of crops in a more sustainable way. Wood distillate (WD, pyroligneous acid) is a by-product obtained during the pyrolysis of plant biomass that can be successfully applied in agriculture due to its ability to enhance the growth, size, and weight of edible plant parts. However, there is little information concerning its plant yield-promoting effects on leguminous crops. The present work investigated the effects of WD on the yield, protein content and mineral composition of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants grown in field conditions. The application of WD showed remarkable yield-promoting effects mostly in lentil plants, which significantly increased plant and shoot biomass, the number and weight of both pods and seeds, as well as the total seed protein content. Furthermore, seeds from WD-treated plants differentially increased the concentration of elements with high nutritional value for human health, including Fe, Ca, Mg and K. These results suggest that the effects of WD among the legumes tested are species-specific and that WD could be an optimal candidate to grow high-yielding legumes with improved seed nutritional quality.

Effect of Photosynthetic Bacteria, Vermiwash and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria on Growth, Yield and Quality of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

The present investigation was carried out with title ‘Effect of Photosynthetic bacteria, Vermiwash and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria on growth, Yield and Quality of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)’ at the Central Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during the 2021-22 with a view to identify the effects of different combinations of biofertilizers and organic nutrition and its role in growth, yield and quality of French bean variety Lakshmi. The experiment was laid in Randomized block design with 7 treatments and 3 replications with different combination in Biofertilizers and application of organic nutrition. Under this experiment, overall, 7 treatment was taken T1 (Photosynthetic Bacteria @ 30 ml/ m2 (PSB-1)), T2 (Vermiwash @ 40 ml/ m2 (VW)), T3 (Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (30 ml/ m2) (PSB-2)), T4 (PSB-1 + VW (40 each ml/ m2)), T5 (PSB-1 + PSB-2 (30 ml/ m2)), T6 (PSB-2 + VW (40 ml/ m2)) and T0 (Control). From the above experimental finding it was concluded that the treatment T5 (PSB-1 + PSB-2 (30 ml/ m2) was found to be best in the terms of growth parameters like plant (240.51 cm), plant spread (1984.64 cm2), earliness parameters like days to first flowering (54.33 days), days to 50% flowering (64.67 days), days to first pod setting (59.78 days) and days to first pod picking (67.47 days). T5 (PSB-1 + PSB-2 (30 ml/ m2) was also found best in terms of yield parameters like number of pods per plant (132.33 pods), pod length (13.73 cm), pod width (10.11 mm), individual pod weight (7.99 g), yield per plant (1.04 kg/plant) and yield per hectare (12.53 t/ha) of French bean. Therefore, Treatment combination of biofertilizers T5 (PSB-1 + PSB-2 (30 ml/ m2) can be suggested for better yield achievement in French bean.