Effect Of Weight Control Research Articles

A180: The Effects of Weight Control by Hypoxia on Judo Athletes with HIIT

Purpose: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is recognized as an effective means of fat reduction, and HIIT is also used in the pre-competition weight control of judo. In addition, hypoxic adaptation can reduce blood lipids, maintain exercise capacity, and improve physical function. Therefore, this study explored the effects of weight control by hypoxia on judo athletes with HIIT by observing the changes of body composition, blood lipids, exercise ability and body function, so that to explore an innovative method of weight control pre-competition for judo athletes. Methods: 12 female athletes of the provincial judo team preparing for the 2023 Guangdong Provincial Juvenile Judo Championships as experimental subjects. The subjects were randomly divided into experimental group (E) and control group (C), with 6 athletes in each group. All subjects participated in HIIT 3 times a week for 60 min each time for 4 weeks. E group was added with hypoxia (14.5 %O2) for 6 times a week of 12 min each time for 4 weeks. Body weight, body fat rate, fat-free weight, muscle mass, blood cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL), and exercise ability (bench press, squat, hard pull and bench press) and physical function (hemoglobin (Hb), testosterone (T), cortisol (C) and T/C) were collected and analyzed by GraphPad Prism (8.0.2) statistical software. Results: After 4 weeks (1) the body weight, fat removal weight, body fat percentage, muscle mass and body water of E group and C group all showed a decreasing trend, but there was no significant differences (P > 0.05); The indices of body composition in E group were lower than those in C group, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). (2) TC and LDL-C of E group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), C group showed a downward trend. (3) The hard pull index value of E group was significantly improved (P < 0.05); E group was better than C group, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). (4) T and T/C in both E group and C group increased significantly (P < 0.05), and the hemoglobin (Hb) of the experimental group showed an increasing trend. Conclusions: After 4 weeks, both HIIT and hypoxia combined with HIIT improved the body composition and lipid levels of female judo athletes, so that the exercise ability and physical function had different degrees of improvement, but the combined effect of hypoxia combined with HIIT was superior to the single effect of HIIT.

Swimming combined with corn peptide counteracts high-fat diet-induced obesity through rescuing imbalanced gut flora

To investigate the effects of swimming and corn peptide on counteracting obesity of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice and uncover the underlying mechanisms through analyzing the compositions and structure of gut flora and corresponding metabolites, an obesity model was established using C57BL/6 mice with HFD feeding. The obese mice underwent swimming intervention, oral administration of corn peptide, or a combination of both interventions for 8 consecutive weeks. After the interventions, blood lipid levels were measured, and fecal samples were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing and broad-targeted metabolomics analysis. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the MetaboAnalyst software, and the correlations between differential phenotypes, gut flora, and metabolites were analyzed using the Spearman method. The combination of swimming and corn peptide interventions effectively reduced hyperlipidemia in obese mice. Swimming combined with corn peptide intervention partially reversed the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in obese mice. This included an increase in the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Prevotellaceae and Oscillospiraceae, and a decrease in the relative abundance of Alloprevotella. Additionally, all three interventions improved four key metabolic pathways: glycerophospholipid metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, and folate synthesis. Therefore, the combinatorial intervention of swimming and corn peptide can at least partially ameliorate HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and corresponding metabolic changes, promote energy metabolism, and contribute to body weight control and lipid-lowering effects in obese mice.

Food Choice Motives Mediate the Relationship between Delay Discounting and Binge Eating: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach.

Binge eating (BE) is associated with psychological distress, functional impairment, and elevated risk of eating disorder diagnoses, and BE prevalence is increasing. Motivational and self-regulatory processes such as delay discounting may be important influences on BE; however, evidence is inconclusive, and lacks explanation of mechanisms. This study investigated how food choice motives mediate the pathway from delay discounting (DD) to BE symptomatology. Adult participants (N = 391, 80% female, mean age 38.93) completed the Monetary Choice Questionnaire (DD), Food Choice Questionnaire (food choice motives), and Binge Eating Scale online. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) to analyse hypothesised partially-mediated pathways from DD to BE via Health, Mood, and Sensory Appeal food choice motives, incorporating participant age, sex, BMI, and Weight Control motives. The best fitting SEM indicated steeper DD was associated with greater BE, but this effect was fully mediated by lesser endorsement of Health motives. Greater endorsement of Mood and Weight Control motives, along with female sex and higher BMI, also accompanied greater BE symptomatology. Counter to hypotheses, Mood and Sensory Appeal did not mediate the relationship between DD and BE. The novel finding that Health motives mediated the effect of DD on BE suggests steeper discounting may hinder the longer-term perspective needed to value the health attributes of food, and thus promote food intake for immediate reinforcement. The significant effects of Weight Control and Mood motives independent of DD suggest support for overvaluation of weight and shape and negative reinforcement mechanisms in the etiology of BE. Our study highlights the influence of food choice motives and DD in BE, and supports the integration of individualised motivational and neurocognitive interventions in eating disorder treatment.

Differences in gut microbiota and metabolites between wrestlers with varying precompetition weight control effect.

This study intended to analyze the effects of body weight control by the diet, training adaptation, and gut microbiota metabolites of wrestlers in the week leading up to competition. According to the weight difference of wrestlers from the target weight 1 wk before the competition, those whose weight control effectiveness is less than 2 kg were classified as the CW group, whereas more than 2 kg were classified as the CnW group. The body weight, body composition, and diet of wrestlers were recorded; urine samples were taken for standard urine testing, and stool samples were collected for the analysis of gut microbiota and metabolites. The data showed that the relative values of carbohydrate and fat energy in the CnW group were significantly higher than those of the CW group, but the relative values of protein energy were significantly lower. The white blood cells, occult blood, and protein appeared in urine in the CnW group. The microbiota with higher abundance values in the CnW group were positively correlated with the relative value of carbohydrate energy, while the abundance value of Streptococcus was negatively correlated, and the functional prediction of differential bacteria was related to riboflavin and selencompound metabolism. The differential metabolites of CW/CnW group were functionally enriched in the processes of lipid and amino acid metabolism. Overall, the extent of weight control in wrestlers was correlated with sensible dietary patterns, adaptability to training load, and distinct gut microbiota and metabolites.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The purpose of this study is to observe the differences in precompetition diet structure, adaptability to training, gut microbiota, and metabolites of wrestlers with different weight control effects and analyze the correlation between them, aiming to provide scientific guidance and advice on weight control for wrestlers.

Bioactivity evaluation and active compounds identification of Symphoricarpos orbiculatus as potential botanical herbicide.

Evaluation of herbicidal activity and identification of active compounds are important bases for the development of new botanical herbicides. This study confirmed that Symphoricarpos orbiculatus has high herbicidal activities against mono-dicotyledonous weeds, including Echinochloa crusgalli, Digitaria sanguinalis, Amaranthus retroflexus and Portulaca oleracea. By bioassay-guided isolation, 12 compounds were isolated and identified from S. orbiculatus for the first time, including iridoids: naucledal (K1), loganin (K2), loganigenin (K3), loganin acid (K4), glucologanin (K5) and vogeloside (K6), as well as flavonoids: quercetine (K7), luteolin (K8), nobiletin (K9), astragalin (K10), isorhamnetin 3-d-glucoside (K11) and rutin (K12). Biological assays showed that iridoids are the main active ingredients of S. orbiculatus. The compounds of K5 and K6 could inhibit both the root (IC50 = 37.54 and 38.91 μg mL-1, respectively) and shoot (IC50 = 42.78 and 45.72 μg mL-1, respectively) of Portulaca oleracea, which have a weeding toxicity similar to that of the commercialized plant-based herbicide pelargonic acid. In addition, the results of pot culture assay showed that S. orbiculatus ethanol extracts had high fresh weight control effect against Digitaria sanguinalis and P. oleracea at the concentration of 40 g L-1. After 7 days, both the soil treatment and the stem and leaf spray method resulted in severe leaf necrosis and significant leaf etiolation. Symphoricarpos orbiculatus and its herbicidal active compounds have the potential to develop into botanical herbicides, and are first reported in the present study. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Allelopathic Effects of Corn Straw and Its Water Extracts on Four Weed Species and Foxtail Millet.

Straw covering is a protective tillage measure in agricultural production, but there is relatively little research on the allelopathic effects of corn straw on weeds and foxtail millet. This experiment studied the allelopathic effects of corn straw on four weeds (Chenopodium album, Setaria viridis, Echinochloa crus-galli and Amaranthus retroflexus) in foxtail millet fields, and also measured the growth indicators of foxtail millet. The study consisted of Petri dish and field experiments. Five treatments were used in the Petri dish experiment: clear water as control (0 g/L, TCK) and four types of corn straw water extracts. They were, respectively, the stock solution (100 g/L, T1), 10 X dilution (10 g/L, T2), 50 X dilution (2 g/L, T3), and 100 X dilution (1 g/L, T4) of corn straw water extracts. Additionally, seven treatments were set up in the field experiment, consisting of three corn straw covering treatments, with covering amounts of 3000 (Z1), 6000 (Z2) and 12,000 kg/ha (Z3), and four control treatments-one treatment with no corn straw cover (CK) and three treatments involving the use of a black film to create the same shading area as the corn straw covered area, with black film coverage areas of 50% (PZ1), 70% (PZ2), and 100% (PZ3), respectively. The results showed that the corn straw water extract reduced the germination rate of the seeds of the four weeds. The T1 treatment resulted in the allelopathic promotion of C. album growth but the inhibition of S. viridis, E. crus-galli, and A. retroflexus growth. Treatments T2, T3, and T4 all induced the allelopathic promotion of the growth of the four weeds. The order of the effects of the corn straw water extracts on the comprehensive allelopathy index of the four weed seeds was as follows: C. album > S. viridis > A. retroflexus > E. crus-galli. With an increase in the corn straw mulching amount, the density and total coverage of the four weeds showed a gradual downward trend, whereas the plant control effect and fresh weight control effect showed a gradual upward trend. All indices showed the best results under 12,000 kg/ha of mulching and returning to the field. Overall, corn straw coverage significantly impacted the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of foxtail millet and increased the yield of foxtail millet. Under coverages of 6000 and 12,000 kg/ha, the growth of foxtail millet is better. Based on our findings, we recommend a corn straw coverage of 12,000 kg/ha for the allelopathic control of weeds in foxtail millet fields.

Effectiveness of body weight control using remote digital technologies in various organizational models of primary health care

Effectiveness of body weight control using remote digital technologies in various organizational models of primary health care

Correction: Assessment of the Efficacy, Safety, and Effectiveness of Weight Control and Obesity Management Mobile Health Interventions: Systematic Review

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/12612.].

Implementation of non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of hypertension in primary care: a narrative review of effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, barriers, and facilitators

BackgroundThe current guidelines for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of hypertension recommend six types of non-pharmacological interventions: alcohol reduction, salt intake reduction, increased potassium intake, physical activity, weight loss, and heart-healthy diets. However, the non-pharmacological interventions are still not widely used in primary care. In this paper, we, therefore, reviewed and summarised the evidence on the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, barriers, and facilitators of non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of hypertension in primary care.MethodsA thorough literature search was conducted in Embase, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases, to identify the most recent reviews or, in their absence, primary studies on alcohol reduction, salt intake reduction, potassium supplementation, physical activity, weight reduction, heart-healthy diets, and other non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of hypertension in primary care.ResultsAlcohol reduction is a non-pharmacological intervention for the treatment of hypertension in primary care with proven effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability. Interventions for sodium intake reduction, physical activity, and weight reduction are effective but there is insufficient evidence regarding their feasibility and acceptability in primary care settings. Evidence on the effectiveness of potassium intake and heart-healthy diets is limited and inconsistent. There is a lack of evidence on the cost-effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in the treatment of hypertension. The most common barriers to deliver such interventions related to healthcare providers include a lack of time, knowledge, self-confidence, resources, clear guidelines, and financial incentives. The most common barriers related to patients include a lack of motivation and educational resources. Less evidence is available on facilitators of implementing non-pharmacological interventions in primary care. Besides, facilitators differed by different types of interventions.ConclusionsAvailable evidence suggests that more pragmatic, clinically feasible, and logistically simple interventions are required for sodium intake reduction, physical activity, and weight reduction in primary care settings. Future studies should provide further evidence on the effectiveness of weight control, potassium intake, and heart-healthy diets. More research is also needed on cost-effectiveness and facilitators of all types of effective non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of hypertension in primary care.

Natural Polyphenol Recovery from Apple-, Cereal-, and Tomato-Processing By-Products and Related Health-Promoting Properties.

Polyphenols of plant origin are a broad family of secondary metabolites that range from basic phenolic acids to more complex compounds such as stilbenes, flavonoids, and tannins, all of which have several phenol units in their structure. Considerable health benefits, such as having prebiotic potential and cardio-protective and weight control effects, have been linked to diets based on polyphenol-enriched foods and plant-based products, indicating the potential role of these substances in the prevention or treatment of numerous pathologies. The most representative phenolic compounds in apple pomace are phloridzin, chlorogenic acid, and epicatechin, with major health implications in diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular and neurocognitive diseases. The cereal byproducts are rich in flavonoids (cyanidin 3-glucoside) and phenolic acids (ferulic acid), all with significant results in reducing the incidence of noncommunicable diseases. Quercetin, naringenin, and rutin are the predominant phenolic molecules in tomato by-products, having important antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The present understanding of the functionality of polyphenols in health outcomes, specifically, noncommunicable illnesses, is summarized in this review, focusing on the applicability of this evidence in three extensive agrifood industries (apple, cereal, and tomato processing). Moreover, the reintegration of by-products into the food chain via functional food products and personalized nutrition (e.g., 3D food printing) is detailed, supporting a novel direction to be explored within the circular economy concept.

Pediatric obesity and anesthetic challenges of metabolic surgery.

Obesity in the pediatric population is considered a growing problem. It is likely that there will be a significant impact related to obesity on the health of future generations. Obesity has increased the incidence of a spectrum of diseases ranging from microvascular complications over the retina and peripheral nerves to an increased incidence of cancer. We have conducted an electronic search in MEDLINE, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus scientific databases targeting studies published between 2000 till 2019. Several modalities have shown a wide spectrum of the effectiveness of weight control among adolescents. Despite achieving short-term success among obese adolescents, maintaining such change is challenging. The emergence of metabolic or bariatric surgeries has opened the door for long-term control over weight gain with considerable remission of unfavorable metabolic mediated or modulated effects associated with obesity such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The most commonly practiced metabolic surgery among adolescents is sleeve gastrectomy which is associated with comparable weight and metabolic control and a lesser risk of complication. Anesthesia is considered a major challenge among the pediatric population, especially those with significant obesity. Preoperative evaluation is always warranted to exclude and manage different associated comorbidities. The anesthetic challenges associated with pediatric obesity begin with intubation. Maintenance and emergence from anesthesia along with postoperative antiemetics and analgesia can pose additional challenges. Managing the postoperative period is considered a cornerstone in the early detection and management of any postoperative complication. Especially those complications related to the metabolic and nutritional aspects of the bariatric surgery. Finally, despite being a valuable option in managing obesity, bariatric surgery in adolescents comes with significant anesthetic challenges that need to be consistently evaluated and managed.

Effects of mesotrione on the control efficiency and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Chenopodium album under simulated rainfall conditions

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of mesotrione on the control efficiency and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Chenopodium album. Simulating three rainfall intensities of 2 mm/h (light rain), 6 mm/h (moderate rain) and 10 mm/h (heavy rain) at different interval times (0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h) to analyze variable regulation of the control effect, the photosynthetic pigment content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of C. album after spraying mesotrione. With the extension of rainfall time interval, the inhibition rate of plant height, plant control effect and fresh weight control effect of C. album were gradually increased, the inhibition effect of rainfall on the efficacy was gradually decreased, at the same time, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, the maximum photochemical quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm), the actual photochemical quantum yield (Y (II)) and quantum yield (Y (NO)) production of regular energy consumption of C. album were also increased, while the nonregulatory energy decreased gradually. The results showed that the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in leaves of C. album increased significantly by 35.63% and 35.38% compared with the control under the condition of simulating 6 mm/h in interval 1 hour. The study suggested that simulating 10 mm/h rainfall intensity had the greatest effect on C. album, the photosynthetic pigment content, Fv/Fm and Y (II) of leaves were significantly higher than those in the control groups under 0.5 h, 1 h and 2 h interval treatments. The carotenoid content was the lowest and Y (NO) was the largest under the 4 h interval treatment. As is displayed that rainfall reduced the weed control effect in the aspect of controlling C. album on mesotrione, which is partly contributed to increase photosynthetic pigment content and enhance the PS II photochemical activity. In conclusion, the rain intensity of ≤2 mm/h did not affect the control effect of mesotrione on C. album. At 6 mm/h within 1 h after treatment, the control effect of fresh weight was significantly reduced by more than 7.14%, and at 10 mm/h within 2 h, the control effect was significantly reduced by more than 14.78%.

Bypassing Different Parts of the Small Intestine Determines Different Metabolic Effects in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Side-to-side jejunoileal bypass with proximal loop ligation (SSJIBL) has significant glucose-lowering and weight-control effects; however, no study has elucidated which segment is most effective in SSJIBL. This study investigated the effect of proximal small intestinal bypass (PSIB), middle small intestinal bypass (MSIB), and distal small intestinal bypass (DSIB) on metabolic improvement in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. STZ-induced diabetic rats were divided into four groups: PSIB, MSIB, DSIB, and sham-operated. The primary outcome measures were body weight, food intake, fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), insulin tolerance (ITT), serum insulin, gut hormones, serum lipid profile, and liver function levels. Global body weight in the DSIB group was lower than that in the PSIB group. The global food intake in the PSIB group was lower than that in the MSIB group. The PSIB group had a slightly better glucose-lowering effect than the MSIB and DSIB groups. The PSIB, MSIB, and DSIB groups all had improvement in insulin sensitivity at postoperative week 6. The MSIB group exhibited the best improvement in lipid homeostasis. Serum insulin and leptin levels were higher, and serum ghrelin levels were lower in the operated groups than in the sham group. This study provides experimental evidence that PSIB surgery induces a better glucose-lowering effect than DSIB surgery, and MSIB induced the best improvement in lipid homeostasis, whereas DSIB was even more advantageous in terms of weight control in the STZ-induced diabetic rat model.

Substance abuse and weight control: Do they really have opposing effects?

Addiction to alcohol and cigarettes has been associated with being overweight and obese. Considering the compulsion for food and drugs may share the same neuronal pathway in the brain, this relationship is expected, but the empirical literature is mixed regarding directionality of the relationship between substance abuse and weight control, and it has never been studied directly. In order to address this gap, a systematic was conducted (quantitative) and resulted in a narrative report to summarize the effects of substance abuse treatment on body mass and the effect of weight control on substance abuse (due to the heterogenity of the studies designs, no meta-analysis was performed). Searches of PubMed, Web of Science, and CINHAL databases led to the inclusion of 9 studies out of 48 results. Three of these studies dealt with effects of substance abuse treatment on body weight, three dealt with effects of weight management treatment on substance use, and three studies dealt with both. Among the six studies testing drug interventions on smoking cessation only one increased body mass, while two of them reported a reduction in body weight and BMI of the abstinent subjects being treated, and three of them did not show any change at the intervention follow-up. The six studies testing interventions for weight reduction did not increase addiction to cigarettes or alcohol; and evidence from two of them these studies pointed to a higher number of smoke-abstinent individuals and reduced number of cigarettes per day with the intervention. The evidence collected from interventional studies showed that weight management and drug abuse treatment can be complementary to each other and may be a good combination to treat addiction in overweight and obese individuals. Considering none of the interventions designed for weight control led to increased addiction for substances, despite some risk of weight gain, the interventions did not lead to risk of increased substance abuse. • Most drug interventions for cigarette cessation did not increase body mass. • The RCTs showed reduction in body weight and BMI in abstinent subjects under drug treatment. • None of the diverse interventions aiming weight reduction, increase the addiction for cigarette or alcohol.

A non-linear dose-response relation of female body mass index and in vitro fertilization outcomes.

Obesity, measured by body mass index (BMI), is implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes for women seeking in vitro fertilization (IVF) care. However, the shape of the dose-response relationship between BMI and IVF outcomes remains unclear. We therefore conducted a dose-response meta-analysis using a random effects model to estimate summary relative risk (RR) for clinical pregnancy (CPR), live birth (LBR), and miscarriage risk (MR) after IVF. A total of 18 cohort-based studies involving 975,889 cycles were included. For each 5-unit increase in BMI, the summary RR was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.94-0.97) for CPR, 0.93 (95% CI: 0.92-0.95) for LBR, and 1.09 (95% CI: 1.05-1.12) for MR. There was evidence of a non-linear association between BMI and CPR (Pnon-linearity < 10-5) with CPR decreasing sharply among obese women (BMI > 30). Non-linear dose-response meta-analysis showed a relatively flat curve over a broad range of BMI from 16 to 30 for LBR (Pnon-linearity = 0.0009). In addition, we observed a J-shaped association between BMI and MR (Pnon-linearity = 0.006) with the lowest miscarriage risk observed with a BMI of 22-25. In conclusion, obesity contributed to increased risk of adverse IVF outcomes in a non-linear dose-response manner. More prospective trials in evaluating the effect of body weight control are necessary.

20-30대 생활습관과 체중 조절이 피부와 두피 건강에 미치는 영향

20-30대 생활습관과 체중 조절이 피부와 두피 건강에 미치는 영향

Weight maintenance interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review protocol

BackgroundWeight loss maintenance is a challenge for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which attenuates the long-term benefits of weight loss for diabetes management. Medication, specific dietary requirements and the psychosocial burden of T2DM signify that weight loss maintenance designed for obesity may not suit people with T2DM. The primary objective of this review is to comprehensively evaluate existing weight maintenance interventions for people with or at high risk of T2DM.MethodsWe registered a protocol for the systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and non-randomised weight maintenance interventions for T2DM. Studies included will have been carried out in adults with clinical diagnosis of T2DM or pre-diabetes. All intervention types will be accepted (e.g. behavioural/lifestyle change and pharmacological). The primary outcomes will be weight control, glycaemic control and adverse effects. Secondary outcomes will include cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, blood pressure control), psychological wellbeing (including health-related quality of life), change in glucose medication and waist circumference. Multiple electronic databases will be searched such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsychINFO and international registers (e.g. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, WHO ICTRP). OpenGrey will be searched for grey literature. Two researchers will screen all citations and abstracts. This process will also be conducted by an additional researcher using a semi-automated tool to reduce human error. Full-text articles will be further examined by the researchers to select a final set for further analysis, and a narrative synthesis of the evidence will be presented. Potential sources of heterogeneity will be assessed, and a meta-analysis will be conducted if feasible. Risk of bias will be evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the certainty of evidence using the GRADE (grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation) approach.DiscussionThis review will critically appraise existing weight maintenance interventions targeting T2DM. Findings will inform future intervention development to support people with T2DM delay weight regain and prolong successful diabetes management.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42020168032

Comparison of intermittent fasting and exercise on skeletal muscle autophagy activation and fat reduction

To observe the effect of weight control of intermittent fasting in different time course (14 d, 28 d)and explore its effect on skeletal muscle mass and autophagy. Sixty SD rats (male) were randomly divided into sedentary group (Sed), intermittent fasting group (InF) and exercise group (Exe), 20 rats of each group, intervention duration is 14 d and 28 d. Animals of InF group were fasted every other day, animals of Exe group underwent aerobic exercise on treadmill, the weight was recorded every week. The body fat mass was recorded by DEXA and then the fat mass index was calculated. The wet weight of bilateral soleus muscle was weighed and wet weight index was calculated. Immunofluorescence was used to detect laminin and light chain 3 (LC3), which reflect muscle fiber cross-sectional area and autophagosome respectively. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the number and morphology of autophagosomes. The expression levels of autophagy related proteins Unc-51 like kinase 1 (ULK1), LC3, sequestosome1 protein (p62), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPKα) and p-AMPKα (Thr172) were detected by Western blot. ① From the 7th day of intervention, the body weight of rats in InF and Exe groups was significantly lower than that in Sed group, and the body weight of InF group was significantly lower than that in Exe group (P＜0.01). After 28 days of intervention, the fat mass index in InF and Exe groups was significantly lower than that in Sed group, the fat mass index of InF group was significantly lower than that in Exe group (P＜0.05).② After 28 days of intervention, the cross-sectional of muscle fibers in Exe group was significantly larger than that in Sed and InF groups (P＜0.01). ③The expressions of AMPKα, p-AMPKα (Thr172) and ULK1 in InF and Exe groups were significantly higher than those in Sed group (P＜0.05). However, at 14 days, only InF group showed the increase of LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and the decrease of p62 level (P＜0.05). The same indicators of Exe group were only significant changed at 28 d. ① Intermittent fasting is superior to exercise in controlling the growth of body weight and body fat in rats. ② In terms of skeletal muscle autophagy activation, the length of intervention required for intermittent fasting (14 days) is shorter than aerobic exercise (28 days).

Application of health education based on self-efficacy theory in weight management of maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objective To explore the application effect of health education based on self-efficacy theory in weight management of maintenance hemodialysis patients, and to provide health education basis for weight management of hemodialysis patients. Methods Using convenient sampling method, a total of 88 patients who had regular hemodialysis treatment in Yantaishan Hospital of Yantai from February 2017 to February 2018 were selected as the study objects. According to the dialysis time, the patients were divided into the observation group (48 cases) and the control group (40 cases) . Patients in the control group were given routine nursing and health education, while in addition to this, those in the observation group were given health education based on self-efficacy theory. Before and after the intervention, the weight control effect and weight management behavior of the two groups were compared. Results At last, 36 patients in the control group and 41 patients in the observation group completed the study. Before intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in weight managemnt behavior score and weight control effect (P>0.05) . After intervention for two months, the percentage of weight gain in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05) . Conclusions Health education based on self-efficacy theory can improve weight control behavior and weight control effect of hemodialysis patients. Key words: Dialysis; Maintenance hemodialysis; Weight management; Self-efficacy

Chitosan attenuates obesity by modifying the intestinal microbiota and increasing serum leptin levels in mice

Abstract Chitosan has been applied as a food additive due to its prebiotic functions, while the relationship between changes in the intestinal microbiota caused by chitosan and weight loss remains unclear. This study confirmed the weight control effect of chitosan in the context of high-fat diet consumption. Interestingly, chitosan increased the serum leptin level in the high-fat diet groups and increased the oral glucose tolerance in the low-fat diet groups. Chitosan reduced the chronic inflammation caused by high-fat diet consumption. Moreover, the intestinal microbiome was influenced by the chitosan intervention as the feeding time increased. Chitosan supplementation increased the anti-obesity-related species, such as Coprobacillus cateniformis and Clostridium leptum, and significantly decreased Clostridium lactatifermentans and Clostridium cocleatum. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Coprobacillus cateniformis and Clostridium leptum were positively correlated with serum leptin. This study suggests that the prebiotic effect of chitosan is closely related to the modification of the gut microbiota.