Weight Components Research Articles

Photovoltaic-Based q-ZSI STATCOM with MDNESOGI Control Scheme for Mitigation of Harmonics

Static compensators (STATCOMs) are often used in distribution systems to enhance power quality. There is a need to enhance the performance of STATCOM to optimize its utilization and facilitate the provision of additional ancillary services. This paper employs the multilayer discrete noise-eliminating second order generalized integrator (MDNESOGI) to regulate the quasi-impedance source inverter (qZSI)-STATCOM for power exchange with the grid. Compared to conventional second-order generalized integrator (SOGI), MDNESOGI exhibits a higher capability for rejecting DC offset. In instances of abnormal grid operation or system malfunction, the inclusion of DC rejection capability enhances the robustness and reliability of the system. The suggested control algorithm only requires two integrators, three mathematical operators, and a damping factor, making it far easier to implement than transformation-based methods. The distorted load current is broken down into its active and reactive components using this control mechanism. The reference currents are then calculated by multiplying these parts by their corresponding voltage standards. The DC offset is reduced and transient oscillations in the weight component are eliminated by adjusting the damping factor. The suggested algorithm effectively handles power quality tasks like (a) reducing harmonic distortion, (b) compensating for reactive power, (c) adjusting for power factor, and (d) balancing the load under different conditions in the distribution system. The experimental study results are used to examine the stability of the proposed control scheme in both static and dynamic scenarios. In addition, a comparison to traditional methods is provided to demonstrate the new method’s superiority. Experimentation results show that the suggested controller is superior to its contemporaries in all scenarios where power quality is a factor, meeting the IEEE standard requirements.

The aging mechanism of asphalt aromatics based on density functional theory, Frontier Orbitals, IR, SARA, and GPC

To investigate the effect of ·OH radicals on asphalt Aromatics aging, density functional theory was utilized to calculate the Gibbs free energy, reaction energy barrier, and temperature associated with asphalt aromatic decomposition, thermal oxygen aging, and UV aging. To study chemical structural activity, Frontier Orbitals theory and Fukui Functions were employed to determine Frontier Molecular Orbitals and Fukui Index. The findings reveal that the activity of aromatic compounds is primarily concentrated near the naphthalene ring, which is prone to etherification reactions. The alkyl activity of aromatic compounds is quite low, rendering them less susceptible to nucleophilic, electrophilic, and radicals' reactions. One reason for thermal oxygen aging of asphalt is the direct interaction between asphalt molecules and O2. On the other hand, UV aging occurs due to the splitting of O2 into ·O radicals, which in turn generate ·OH radicals which can oxidize asphalt. The results of quantum chemical calculations were cross-validated by infrared spectroscopy IR, SARA, and GPC methods. IR spectroscopy analysis showed that thermal and ultraviolet aging would increase carbonyl and benzene derivatives in aromatic compounds, while thermal aging would not increase hydroxyl groups. SARA further confirmed that asphalt aging would enhance molecular polarity. GPC confirmed that The molecular weight of asphalt aromatic components increases after aging. This article provides useful experience for using quantum chemistry to study the mechanism of asphalt aging.

IPC‐based robust disturbance accommodating control for load mitigation and speed regulation of wind turbines

SummaryOver the past few decades, global demand for renewable energy has been rising steadily. To meet this demand, there has been an exponential growth in size of wind turbines (WTs) to capture more energy from wind. Consequent increase in weight and flexibility of WT components has led to increased structural loading, affecting reliability of these wind energy conversion systems. Spatio‐temporal variation of rotor effective wind field acts as a disturbance to a WT system, hence, necessitating controllers that can cancel this disturbance. Additionally, assumptions made in extracting linear models for controller design lead to modeling errors resulting from changing operating conditions. Previous attempts have proposed robust controllers incorporating wind disturbance models. However, these controllers have been evaluated on smaller WTs, which experience lower structural loading than larger ones. Additionally, a majority these controllers are based on collective pitch control (CPC), hence do not address loading in the blades. To address these challenges, this contribution proposes an independent pitch‐based robust disturbance accommodating controller (IPC‐RDAC) for reducing structural loads and regulating generator speed in utility‐scale WTs. The proposed controller is designed using ‐synthesis approach and is evaluated on the 5 MW National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) reference WT. Its performance is evaluated against a gain‐scheduled proportional integral (GSPI)‐based reference open‐source controller (ROSCO) and a CPC‐based RDAC (CPC‐RDAC) controller, developed previously by the authors. Simulation results for various wind conditions show that the proposed controller offers improved performance in blade and tower load mitigation, as well a generator speed regulation.

СУТНІСНА ПРИРОДА І КЛЮЧОВІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ КРЕАТИВНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The article is devoted to the systematization of theoretical problems of the creative economy and their key characteristics. It is emphasized that the creative economy, from the point of view of the influence of intellectual capital and investments in human capital on the dynamics of competitive development of national economies, is the highest form of development of the new economy, capable of producing creative products with more than 50% of the specific weight of the creative component in their intangible value. The innovation-technological paradigm of the creative economy is determined by the accelerated dynamization of global technological progress, in which production, turning into a platform for technological application and a continuous flow of innovative developments, puts science and education among the priority factors of global economic development. As international practice shows, it is precisely the cultural aspect of the creation of economic activity that is the most difficult to understand, since in the cultural sphere, as in no other, the prevailing concepts in most cases require the greatest adjustments in order to adequately reflect the specific methods of organization and development of the economic system of society, presented in products of material and spiritual labor, the system of social norms and institutions, as well as the attitude of individuals to nature, to each other and to themselves. The article emphasizes the cultural paradigm of the theoretical design of the creative economy, which is characterized by the multifacetedness of the cultural phenomenon, which makes it possible to significantly expand the methodological ideas about the nature and driving forces of creative production based on the inclusion of economic activity that goes beyond the artistic sphere itself. The fundamental transformations that the world economic system has undergone in recent decades include radical changes in the nature and forms of organization of economic activity with the loss of traditional reproductive factors of production of their leading role in the competitive development of companies, states and entire regions. Under such conditions, their maintenance of high competitive positions on the market is decisively determined by creative resources, which, although they cannot be evaluated in traditional value categories, are actively introduced into the process of social reproduction based on the generation of new creative ideas by economic entities and their large-scale market commercialization.

Knowledge-Data-Based Synchronization States Analysis for Process Monitoring and Its Application to Hydrometallurgical Zinc Purification Process

Modern industrial processes generate many inter-associated variables, which are more likely to implicit associations knowledge for describing irregular changes at different times to accurately describe behaviour changes. Motivated by this issue, a novel knowledge-data-based synchronization states analysis method is proposed for process monitoring. Its advantage mainly refers to integrating physical-chemical mechanism knowledge to handle the representation of associated relationships between numerous monitor variables. Furthermore, this method utilizes the trend distributions of variable changes to observe the differences between operation states and their parents online, which can maintain the simple, practical, and efficient advantage of data-driven process monitoring. Specifically, global process monitoring can be achieved by the synchronization status exceeding its corresponding threshold ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\chi ^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> distribution). At the same time, the local cause of backtracking can also be identified by whether the weighting of eigenvector components of each variable exceeds their corresponding thresholds ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\chi ^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> distribution). This novel proposed process monitoring method is applied to one practical hydrometallurgical zinc purification process consisting of copper and cobalt removal processes. The application's comparable performance shows the applicability and effectiveness of this proposed method.

Range of Molecular Weight of Different Effective Components in the Aqueous Extract of Angelica-Radix Hedysari Ultrafiltration Content by HPLC-MS

The molecular weight range of effective components in the aqueous extract of Angelica-Radix Hedysari (1:5) was analyzed, providing a foundation for understanding its chemical composition and pharmacodynamics. Ultrafiltration technology was used to prepare different forms of the extract, including water extract powder, ultrafiltration powder, ultrafiltration saponin component powder, and ultrafiltration polysaccharide component powder. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS) were used to analyze these extracts. Comparison between the components of Angelica-Radix Hedysari using HPLC and HPLC-MS showed that the ultrafiltration products contained fewer components than the original extract powder. However, the content of some components in the ultrafiltration products increased. The components with molecular weight greater than 10 kDa were removed during ultrafiltration, resulting in fewer components in the ultrafiltration products compared to Angelica Hongqi extract powder.

Developing an alternative crossbar material from jute/E-glass fiber hybrid reinforced polymer matrix composite

Over the last three decades, the use of hybrid reinforced fiber composite materials for structural applications has increased. Minimizing the weight of vehicle components has been considered an important solution for improving fuel economy, increasing technical benefits, and reducing harmful emissions. This study used jute and E-glass fiber with a polyester matrix to develop the hybrid composite. Hand layups were employed for sample preparation of 40% fiber and 60% of the polyester matrix with four different stacking sequences. The mechanical property and water absorption test were influenced by fiber stacking sequences and jute fiber treatment. In this investigation, the result shows that the hybrid G-J-J-G hybrid of NaOH-treated jute fiber exhibited higher strength than a hybrid containing jute fiber at their outer layer and a hybrid of the same stacking sequence with untreated jute fibers. A hybrid with a G-J-J-G arrangement was used to develop alternative crossbar members by size optimization with a genetic algorithm. The sizing optimization of crossbar member results shows that the weight of the hybrid composite crossbar can be reduced by 46.47%, from 9.765 kg to 5.227 kg per single component of crossbar member, and comparatively, an average of 0.00544 L per 100 km of fuel was enabled to be saved. Thus, jute/E-glass hybrid reinforced polyester composite can effectively be an alternative to the current steel structure without compromising their application.

Availability, Price, Tradition, Religion, Income, Social, Development and Economic Influences on Meat Consumption

The Muslims slaughtered AL-Odhia in Eid Al-Adha Almubark. The Al-Odhia includes the animal's sheep, goat, cattle, buffaloes and camel in Eid Al-Adha Almubark every year and the Muslims eat the meat of AL-Odhia. The Muslims not eat the pork. The Muslims eat the meat all over the year. The Christians not eat meat and other foods of animal origin in certain periods of the year. The Jewish not eat pork and camels meat. The meat consumption is based largely on the availability, price and tradition. The meat production is a very complex operation depending not only on the demand which is usually based up on the price and the income, but up on the many social and economic influences such as the official policy, the price support mechanisms, and the interrelations such as the interaction between beef and milk production, the availability of animal feedstuffs and the competition for the food between the man and the animals. It is difficult to make accurate comparisons of the meat consumption between the countries in the world because the different methods are used to estimate the consumption. The figures may be derived from the total supplies available at wholesale level, or from the records of the household purchases, with or without estimates of what is consumed away from the home; the estimate of waste, both in the preparation of the food and by the individual adds to the uncertainty. Some national estimates fail to include the imports, and some surveys include the weight of the non-meat components of the products, for example the amount of the meat in a product can range between hundred percentages in some types of the burger to ten percentages in some types of the pizza. The food Balance Sheets are prepared from the figures for the production, the imports, the stock changes and the exports with allowances for the feed, the processing and "The other uses" and the same methods are applied to all the regions. The amount of the meat consumed in different countries in the world varies enormously with social, economic and political influences, religious beliefs and geographical differences.

Research on Change and Innovation of Quality Evaluation System of Ideological and Political Education in Contemporary Colleges and Universities-Based on CIPP Model

Abstract Civic and political education work in colleges and universities is a reform measure of human education put forward under the fundamental pursuit and urgent demand for human education in colleges and universities by the development of the country and society. The article first researches the relevant theories of the factor analysis method, completes the construction and step-by-step design of the factor analysis mathematical model of the evaluation index of Civic and Political Education, and further constructs the CIPP model. Finally, it takes the work of Civic and Political Education in School H as an empirical study. It tries to carry out a panoramic evaluation of it so as to improve and optimize the work of Civic and Political Education. The weights of the first-level components based on the CIPP evaluation model are in the following order: evaluation of practice teaching results (0.3814) &gt; evaluation of practice teaching process (0.2834) &gt; evaluation of practice teaching input (0.1735) &gt; evaluation of practice teaching background (0.1590). The results of the application of the evaluation system fully proved the rationality of the indicators constructed in this paper, which can provide a basis for the reform and innovation of Civic and Political Education.

Анализ методологий присвоения ESG-рейтингов на российском рынке: вопросы прозрачности и конвергенции

Reliability of ESG ratings, which represent a tool for organizations’ sustainability performance assessment, has been studied and sometimes questioned by academic researchers and international organizations. In response to criticism, regulations emerged targeting the revealed problems and their sources. Russia, where the ESG ratings market has grown significantly over the last two years, is no exception. The paper aims at assessing the transparency level of ESG ratings methodologies in the Russian market and identifying whether they converge. To achieve the goal, the author scrutinized publications of foreign and Russian authors, international organizations, and the Central Bank of Russia, analyzed the methodologies of the leading Russian ESG ratings, developed and applied the method to assess the transparency level of such methodologies using ten indicators. The paper provides a brief overview of the key problems inherent in ESG ratings and highlighted in the literature, as well as the way they are addressed by regulation initiatives in a number of foreign countries and in the Russian Federation. In order to verify the implementation of the recommendations of the Central Bank of Russia in the updated ratings methodologies, an analysis of the approaches of four agencies (the Analytical Credit Rating Agency (ACRA), Expert RA, RAEX, and the National Rating Agency) was carried out in terms of transparency and convergence; the agencies’ methodologies were assigned points relative to a specific transparency level. The conclusion made is that there is some convergence of assessment approaches, primarily in terms of rating scales and weighting of ESG components, and there is a high level of transparency in methodologies of the Russian ESG ratings.

A Machine Learning Approach to Model Over-Ocean Tropical Cyclone Precipitation

Abstract Extreme rainfall found in tropical cyclones (TCs) is a risk for human life and property in many low- to midlatitude regions. Probabilistic modeling of TC rainfall in risk assessment and forecasting can be computationally expensive, and existing models are largely unable to model key rainfall asymmetries such as rainbands and extratropical transition. Here, a machine learning–based framework is developed to model overwater TC rainfall for the North Atlantic basin. First, a catalog of high-resolution TC precipitation simulations for 26 historical events is assembled for the North Atlantic basin using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The simulated spatial distribution of rainfall for these historical events are then decomposed via principal component analysis (PCA), and quantile regression forest (QRF) models are trained to predict the conditional distributions of the first five principal component (PC) weights. Conditional distributions of rain-rate levels are estimated separately using historical satellite data and a QRF model. With these models, probabilistic predictions of rainfall maps can be made given a set of storm characteristics and local environmental conditions. The model is able to capture storm total rainfall compared to satellite observations with a correlation coefficient of 0.96 and r2 value of 0.93. Additionally, the model shows good accuracy in modeling hourly total rainfall compared to satellite observations. Rain-rate maps predicted by the model are also compared to historical satellite observations and to the WRF simulations during cross validation, and the spatial distribution of estimates captures rainfall variability consistent with TC rainbands, wavenumber asymmetries, and possibly extratropical transition.

A pragmatic approach for the fatigue life estimation of hybrid joints

The need for more environmentally sustainable ways of transportation and for a reduction in emissions and fuel consumption make lightweight structures essential. Together with the use of lightweight materials and design optimisation, the use of hybrid joints represents one way to reduce the weight of components and it is becoming increasingly popular in the transportation industry. The name ‘hybrid joint’ refers to a connection where adhesive bonding is used in conjunction with traditional joining techniques, such as spot welds and rivets with the aim of combining and exploiting the advantages of the individual joining techniques. To optimise the design of hybrid joints and minimise the risk of in-service fatigue failures, the transportation industry needs efficient, robust, and easy-to-use approaches for the modelling and fatigue life estimation of hybrid joints.This work presents two practical methodologies for estimating the fatigue life of hybrid joints that can be easily adopted by companies in the transportation industry. The first methodology neglects the life given by the mechanical joints after failure of the adhesive (the joint is considered failed when the adhesive fails), while the second methodology considers the life of both the adhesive and the mechanical joints. In the first methodology, just one configuration would need to be analysed (‘hybrid’ joint or ‘purely bonded’ joint, if this simplification is considered reasonable). In the second methodology, instead, the analysis of two configurations would be required (the previous configuration followed by a configuration where only the mechanical fasteners are considered). The second methodology would produce more realistic fatigue life estimations compared to the first methodology, but it would be more onerous both in terms of modelling and computationally. For both methodologies, FE modelling guidelines to recover the required stresses are suggested. These guidelines require limited changes to the typical FE modelling strategies currently used, especially in the automotive industry. Furthermore, the proposed modelling guidelines provide FE models that are not computationally too onerous, reasonably mesh insensitive and that do not require congruent meshes. The relevant stresses recovered from the FE model are then used as an input into nCode DesignLife to estimate the fatigue life of the hybrid joints in the analysed structure. The fatigue life estimation is carried out using standard Stress-Life (SN) based nCode DesignLife analysis engines and bespoke SN curves obtained through testing of hybrid joint specimens, representative of the joints in the production parts.

High-Frequency Discrete-Interval Binary Sequence in Asynchronous C-VEP-Based BCI for Visual Fatigue Reduction.

In code-modulated visual evoked potential (c-VEP) based BCI systems, flickering visual stimuli may result in visual fatigue. Thus, we introduced a discrete-interval binary sequence (DIBS) as visual stimulus modulation, with its power spectrum optimized to emphasize high-frequency components (40 Hz-60 Hz). 8 and 17 subjects participated, respectively, in offline and online experiments on a 4-target asynchronous c-VEP-based BCI system designed to realize a high positive predictive value (PPV), a low false positive rate (FPR) during idle states, and a high true positive rate (TPR) in control states, while minimizing visual fatigue level. Two visual stimuli modulations were introduced and compared: a maximum length sequence (m-sequence) and the high-frequency discrete-interval binary sequence (DIBS). The decoding algorithm was compared among the canonical correlation analysis (CCA), the task-related component analysis (TRCA), and two approaches of sub-band component weight calculation (the traditional method and the proportional method) for FBCCA and FBTRCA. In the online experiments, the average PPV, FPR and TPR achieved, respectively [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] with m-sequence, while [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with DIBS. Estimated by objective eye-related metrics and a subjective questionnaire, the visual fatigue in DIBS cases is significantly smaller than that in m-sequence cases. In this study, the feasibility of a novel modulation approach for visual fatigue reduction was proved in an asynchronous c-VEP system, while maintaining comparable performance to existing methods, which provides further insights towards enhancing this field's long-term viability and user-friendliness.

Influence of component fractions and structure characteristic on the combustion behavior of densified wood

Densified wood (DW) is a promising structural material in high-rise timber buildings. However, fire safety issues restrict its applications. The key is to understand the influence of component fractions and dense structure on DW combustion. Here, the combustion behavior of DW is experimentally and numerically investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that DW has 29 K earlier and 1.01 × 10−4 s−1 lower peak mass loss rate, 5 % higher residue mass than natural wood (NW) due to the component weight fraction changes by delignification. ThermaKin was applied, combined with TGA, differential scanning calorimetry and microscale combustion calorimetry, to obtain pyrolysis kinetics and thermodynamics of wood. Cone calorimeter tests showed DW has delayed ignition time because its high density enhances heat conduction and decelerates wood surface temperature increase. DW has delayed but higher value of second heat release rate peak and lower heat of combustion due to its dense structure leading to a thermally insulating and condensed char layer. Radial thermal conductivity of wood linearly increases with density. Temperature poses greater impact on thermal conductivity than density. An optimized thermal conductivity equation is proposed and applied to predict the cone calorimeter tests, yielding good agreement.

Fuselage Weight Estimation in Conceptual Design Phase for Tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Fuselage weight Estimation of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) during the conceptual design phase has been demonstrated to be an important challenge because of its unconventional configuration. Investigation of the development of a new suggested formula for fuselage weight estimation of UAV is done for UAVs having takeoff weight ranging from 100 to 500 kg, and which have similar characteristics. Based on statistical trends, obtained from analyzed existing UAVs, takeoff weight is estimated from mission specification, and it is derived for a tactical unmanned aerial vehicle (TUAV). Software tools are developed in MATLAB to facilitate takeoff and component weight calculations. The least square method is applied to analyze statistical data in order to develop trend functions which correlate TUAVs takeoff weight. Existing formulas, developed for general aviation, for fuselage and takeoff weight estimations are applied to TUAV and promising one are selected and adjusted to TUAV conceptual design phase. Fuselage weight estimation is related to geometrical parameters and takeoff weight of TUAVs.

The potential of using 3D printing in the manufacture of mini hydraulic systems

The work is devoted to an analytical engineering study of the practicality of using 3D printing for the manufacture of hydraulic components, in order to solve the problems associated with weight, size and complexity inherent in traditional hydraulic elements. The research aims to demonstrate the feasibility of using 3D printing to achieve simplified design and increased efficiency. The work presents samples of hydraulic elements printed on a 3D printer, which reflects the practical feasibility of this approach. A simple and practical design methodology is proposed for two key components of a typical hydraulic system, namely, a hydraulic cylinder and a directional servo-valve, which allows hydraulic actuators to be controlled using any programmable microcontroller. A distinctive feature of this approach is the emphasis on the principles of compact design, which facilitates the integration of many parts into single, multifunctional part. In addition, the use of lightweight materials in 3D printing helps reduce the overall weight of hydraulic components. The proposed method also allows the integration of various hydraulic elements into a single integral structure printed on a 3D printer, offering a pragmatic solution to the size and complexity issues associated with traditional metal hydraulic systems. The scope of this innovative approach extends to the creation of prototypes of hydraulic and pneumatic robots, as well as devices that require compactness, precision and adaptability. This methodology is promising for implementation in the field of robotics, especially for tasks where space and weight constraints are critical factors.

Effects of Different Levels of Soybean Bioactive Peptides and Vitamin E on Performance, Egg Quality, and Serum Metabolites of Laying Hens

An experiment was carried out to find out how laying hen performance, egg quality, and serum metabolites were affected by adding soybean bioactive peptide (SBP) and vitamin E to their diet. Ninety Lohmann Extra hens that were 45 weeks old were divided into five groups at random. Each group consisted of three replicates, each with six birds. The dietary treatments included 250 mg/kg of vitamin E added to the baseline diet, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 g/kg of diet for the SBP groups, and the basal diet as the control. The findings demonstrated that egg production rate and egg weight significantly increased with SBP supplementation (P≤0.05). While there were no appreciable changes between the vitamin E-treated groups and the control group, there was a noticeable difference in feed efficiency between the SBP groups and the control group. Peptides-supplemented groups showed a definite advantage in terms of egg quality attributes, as evidenced by the weights of egg components, yolk index, and albumin index. The SBP supplement also resulted in an increase in glutathione peroxides (GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Additionally, compared to the positive control treatment (adding vitamin E), there was a substantial (P≥0.05) drop in the cholesterol levels in the yolk among the groups supplemented with peptides. The group that got an excessive amount of soybean peptide (5 g/kg) had the highest serum total antioxidant activity. The findings concluded that adding SBP to the diets can enhance egg quality and production while also influencing the hens' serum's total antioxidant activity during the laying phase.

Safety Assessment Method of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Arch Bridge by Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process

The concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) arch bridge has achieved significant development in recent years due to its unique mechanical performance and technical advantages. However, due to the lagging theoretical research compared to engineering practice, many problems have been exposed in the existing bridges, resulting in adverse social impacts and enormous economic losses. With the increasing prominence of safety issues in CFST arch bridges, it is necessary to assess their safety condition in service. This paper establishes a safety assessment index system for CFST arch bridges using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) based on an exponential scale. The assessment method proposed includes the following main points: (1) Bridge safety assessment is closely related to the load-bearing capacity of components. This study proposes an assessment index that comprehensively considers both the defect conditions and the design load-bearing capacity of components for the safety assessment. (2) The exponential scale method is introduced to safety assessment for the first time, and the AHP based on an exponential scale is applied to calculate the component weights. (3) Considering the specific structural characteristics of CFST arch bridges, this study provides a detailed division of component types and calculates the component weights. By combining the component assessment indexes, a comprehensive safety assessment index system is established, and a safety assessment method for CFST arch bridges is proposed. (4) Taking the Jiantiao Bridge in Zhejiang Province as an engineering case, the load-bearing capacity of components is calculated using finite element software ANSYS 19.1. Based on the established safety assessment index system, the safety of the bridge is assessed by integrating the inspection results. (5) Software for the safety assessment of a CFST arch bridge is developed using Visual Basic, and the assessment results align well with the actual condition of the bridge.

Fish consumption and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from diet are positively associated with cognitive function in older adults even in the presence of exposure to lead, cadmium, selenium, and methylmercury: a cross-sectional study using NHANES 2011–2014 data

BackgroundLong-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) are reported to be beneficial for cognition, but limited consumption of some fish is recommended due to high concentrations of heavy metals and persistent organics. ObjectiveWe aimed to determine whether dietary ω-3 PUFAs from fish consumption are associated with higher cognitive scores in older adults and explored the associations of mixtures of ω-3 PUFAs and blood concentrations of lead, cadmium, selenium, and methylmercury on cognitive performance. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study with data from the NHANES 2011–2014, assessing cognitive scores of immediate recall, delayed recall, and executive function in adults ≥60 y (n = 3123). We performed multivariate linear regressions and mixture models utilizing the quantile-based g-computation method to identify associations between monthly fish consumption or dietary ω-3 PUFAs with blood concentrations of lead, cadmium, methyl mercury, and selenium on cognitive scores. ResultsFish consumption had significant positive associations with all 3 cognitive scores, whereas dietary ω-3 PUFAs were only significantly associated with the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) scores. Mixture analysis showed significant positive associations with DSST scores for fish consumption (β: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.48, 1.29) and dietary ω-3 PUFAs (β: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.78) with positive component weights for fish consumption, dietary ω-3 PUFAs, and blood selenium and negative component weight for blood cadmium concentrations. ConclusionsOur findings support dietary recommendations for older adults to consume fish to maintain cognitive function, likely due to biomolecular actions of ω-3 PUFAs that increase neuronal membrane fluidity, have antioxidation activity, and restore cell damage. The combination of selenium and fish consumption or ω-3 PUFAs was associated with reduced decline in cognitive scores and less negative associations from exposures to lead, cadmium, and mercury compounds.

Investigation on the nutrient and quality features of jujube juice fermented by selected Lactobacillus acidophilus 6074

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effect of fermentation with Lactobacillus acidophilus 6074 on the nutrient transformation and quality characteristics of jujube juice. The screened L. acidophilus 6074 with acid and bile salt resistance was used to ferment jujube juice, and the sensory properties and nutrient biotransformation of the fermented product were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the acid and bile salt resistance of L. acidophilus 6074 were 94.06 % and 84.56 %, respectively, and the viable counts after fermentation reached 8.75 lg CFU/mL. Total sugar and polysaccharide content decreased after fermentation, while total flavonoids, cAMP and triterpenoic acid increased significantly, as did organic acids and free amino acids (p < 0.05). Moreover, the L. acidophilus 6074 fermentation reduced the molecular weight of the main polysaccharide component from 746,111.957 Da to 573,809.851 Da, and its microstructure changed. A total of 62 volatile compounds were identified in fermented jujube juice, among which acids were the highest, followed by esters. Particularly, L. acidophilus 6074 fermentation increased the content of phenylethyl acetate and lactic acid, generating new substances clopenthixol and phenylethyl alcohol of jujube juice. Sensory evaluation indicated that L. acidophilus 6074 fermentation improved the coloration of jujube juice and increased the overall acceptability of the fermented product. This study will provide theoretical basis and technical support for the industrial production of probiotic fermentation jujube juice related products.