Weed Management Practices Research Articles

The Effect of Weed Management Practices on the Growth, Yields and Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

A field experiment entitled “Effect of weed management practices on growth, yield and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)’’ was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (Uttar Pradesh) during Rabi season 2018-2019. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. There were twelve treatments of weed management practices, namely: T1 - Sulphosulfuron 25g a.i. ha-1; T2 - Metsulfuron 4g a.i. ha-1; T3 - Clodinofop 60g a.i. ha-1; T4 - Metribuzin 210g a.i. ha-1; T5 - Sulphosulfuron+Metsulfuron (30+2) 32 g a.i. ha-1; T6 - Sulphosulfuron+Metribuzin (25+210) 235 g a.i. ha-1; T7 - Clodinofop+ Metsulfuron (60+4) 64 g a.i. ha-1; T8 - Fenoxaprop–p–ethyl 120 g a.i. ha-1; T9 - Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + Metsulfuron (120+4) 124 g a.i. ha-1; T10 - Two hand weeding at 20, 40 DAS; T11 - Weedy check; T12 - Weed free. From the results, all the growth parameters (or yield attributes) like; higher number of spike (m-2), Length of Spike (cm), number of spikelet Spike-1, Grain per ear head (m-2), and Test Weight (g) plus yields of grain and straw, as well as higher harvest index of wheat obtained were significantly higher under weed free treatment of 52.50 qha-1 followed by under T7 - Clodinofop+ Metsulfuron @ (60+4) 64 g a.i. ha-1 at an obtained yield of wheat is 51.10 qha-1. The highest net return (81054.50 Rs. ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.04) was recorded under T7 - Clodinofop + Metsulfuron @ (60+4) 64 g a.i. ha-1. Thus it may be recommended for effective control of weeds and higher production of grain and straw yield in wheat crops.

Effect of Weed Management Practices on Growth, Yield and Quality of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

The present investigation entitled “Effect of weed management practices on growth, yield and quality of okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)” was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during kharif season 2022. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with seven different treatments viz. T1 = Pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin @ 6 ml /L, T2= Post emergence application of Quizalofop-ethyl @ 0.040 kg/ha ,T3 = Pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 6 ml/L + one hand weeding at 40 DAS , T4 = Post emergence application of Quizalofop-ethyl @ 0.040 kg ha-1 at 25 DAS + one hand weeding , T5 = Pendimethalin @ 6 ml /L as pre-emergence + Quizalofop-ethyl @ 0.040 kg ha-1 at 25 DAS , T6 = Weed free check (Three hand weeding) 20, 40 and 60 DAS , T7 = weed check control replicated thrice. The result of the study revealed that at 30 DAS maximum plant height (30.96cm) was reported in treatment T3 : Pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin @ 6 ml/L + one hand weeding at 40 days of sowing whereas at 60 and 90 DAS maximum plant height (75.50 and 113.53 cm) was reported in T6 : Weed free check (Three hand weeding) 20, 40 and 60 DAS. Maximum number of branches per plant (4.60)at 60 DAS was found in T3 : Pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin @ 6 ml/L + one hand weeding at 40 DAS and 90 DAS maximum number of branches per plant (5.86) was reported in T6 : Weed free check (Three hand weeding) 20, 40 and 60 DAS. Maximum number of nodes (17.83 ) at 60 days after sowing was noticed in treatment T3 = Pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin @ 6 ml/L + one hand weeding at 40 DAS and 90 Days after of sowing maximum number of nodes () was in treatment T6 = Weed free check (Three hand weeding) 20, 40 and 60 DAS. Maximum Pod diameter( 1.74cm) , fruit weight (12.88gm ), pod length( 14.1cm) , number of pods per plant( 25.66 ) , pod yield per plant ( 304.73gm) , pod yield per hectare (16.91 t), TSS( 3.2 Brix), crude fibre (8.46%) and cholorophyll content (1.18 mg) and relative cholorophyll content (54.39) .

Nitrogen Uptake and Quality Parameters in Groundnut [Arachis hypogaea (L.)] Influenced by Different Weed Management Practices under Arid Zone of Rajasthan, India

The field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research station, Mandor, Agriculture University, Jodhpur during kharif, 2019 to evaluate nitrogen uptake and quality parameters as influenced by different weed management practices in kharif groundnut. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with thirteen treatments of replicated thrice. Results revealed that weed-free treatment found significantly higher total nitrogen uptake by crop, protein content in kernel, oil out-turn and lowest amount of nitrogen removal by weeds compared to weedy check. Among the herbicidal treatments, application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 1.0 kg/ha + one manual weeding at 30 DAS recorded significantly higher total nitrogen uptake by crop (240.8 kg/ha), protein content in kernel (25.8%), oil out-turn (1214.7 kg/ha) and lowest amount of nitrogen removal by weeds (0.4 kg/ha) which was closely followed by pendimethalin at 1.0 kg/ha (PE) + imazethapyr at 75 g/ha 20 DAS, pendimethalin at 1.0 kg/ha (PE) + one manual weeding at 30 DAS and pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 1.0 kg/ha (PE) + quizalofop-p-ethyl at 50 g/ha at 20 DAS.

Effect of Weed Management Practices on Growth and Yield of Zero-Till Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

A field experiment to compare weed management practices on growth and yield of zero till chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during rabi, 2022 at RARS, Jagtial, Telangana. Treatments include Pendimethalin 38.7 % CS @ 700 g a.i. ha-1 , Topramezone 33.6 % SC @ 20.6 g a.i. ha-1 , Quizalofop ethyl 7.5 % + Imazethapyr 15 % EC @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, T4- Propaquizafop 2.5 % + Imazethapyr 3.75 % (w/w) ME @ 125 g a.i. ha-1 , two hand weedings at 15 and 30 DAS , weed free (Season long) and Un-weeded (Check). Weed free treatment and hand weeded plots showed highest growth and yield attributing characters because of season-long weed-free conditions and better microclimate during critical period of crop respectively. Among different herbicides, Topramezone treated plot recorded higher growth parameters viz.; plant height (38.7 cm), dry matter accumulation (320.8 g m-2) and yield attributing characters viz.; total number of pods plant-1 (30.97), with seed yield (1397 kg ha-1), haulm yield (2518 kg ha-1) and harvest index (35.7 %). Post emergence herbicide topramezone can be effectively adopted for getting higher yield of chickpea in rice fallow zero tillage conditions.

Influences on Growth Parameters and Yield of Various Moisture Regimes and Weed Management Practices on Drum Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The field experiment was conducted on Agronomy research farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj Ayodhya UP, (India) during Kharif season 2021 and 2022. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications taking three moisture regimes viz., 6 cm at 1 DADPW, 6 cm at 4 DADPW and 6 cm at 7 DADPW (Days after disappearance of ponded water) in main plot, and four weed management practices viz., control, Organic Mulch (Rice Straw@5t ha-1), Herbicide (Bispyribac sodium (10%) @ 200 ml ha-1 post emergence) and Two hand weeding at 25 and 45 DAS in sub plot. Result revealed that significantly plant height, numbers of tillers, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and test weight, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index was recorded in 6 cm at 4 cm DADPW during both the years of investigation. Among the weed management practices, higher value recorded with sequential two hand weeding at 25 and 45 day after sowing.

Optimizing Establishment Methods and Weed Management Practices on Growth, Yield and Economics of Maize under Irrigated Condition

To study the performance of different crop establishment techniques and weed management practices on growth, yield attributes, yield and economics of maize hybrid, field experiment was conducted during Summer 2023 season.The treatment comprised of different sowing methods viz., pneumatic precision planter, manual rotary dibbler and manual dibbling and these treatments were compared with varied weed management practices such as pre-emergence (PE) application with atrazine 50 % WP @ 0.75 kg ha-1 at 3 DAS + power weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, pre-emergence (PE) application with atrazine 50 % WP @ 0.75 kgha-1 at 3 DAS + hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS and pre-emergence (PE) application with atrazine 50 % WP @ 0.75 kg ha-1 at 3 DAS + early post-emergence (EPoE) application with topramezone 33.6 % SC @ 25.2 g ha-1 at 20 DAS. The results revealed that manual dibbling under conventional levelled ridges and furrows and pre-emergence application of atrazine 50 % WP @ 0.75 kg ha-1 at 3 DAS through drone followed by power weeding at 20 and 40 DAS recorded the highest vigour index, root length, volume and biomass. Early field emergence was noticed with manual dibbling under ridges and furrows which wasfollowed by pneumatic precision planter. However, higher LAI was recorded under manual rotary dibbler followed by pneumatic precision planter. Pre-emergence application of atrazine 50 % WP @ 0.75 kgha-1 at 3 DAS + hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS had significantly less weed density and dry weight and the next best treatment was pre-emergence application with atrazine 50 % WP @ 0.75 kg ha-1 at 3 DAS + power weeding at 20 and 40 DAS. Significantly higher grain and stover yieldwas obtained under manual rotary dibbler treatment which was at par with pneumatic precision planter. Highest net returns and benefit cost ratio were observed with manual rotary dibbler followed by atrazine 50 % WP @ 0.75 kg ha-1 at 3 DAS + power weeding at 20 and 40 DAS.

Effect of Weed Management Practices on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub

The growth, yield attributes and yield of clusterbean were influenced by various weed management treatments. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of different weed management practices on growth, yield attributes and overall yield. An agronomic investigation was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Mandor, affiliated with the Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, during the Kharif season of 2018. The experimental design utilized a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The experiment encompassed ten treatments: W1 - weedy check, W2 - weed-free, W3 - pendimethalin at 750 g/ha (pre-emergence), W4 - imazethapyr at 40 g/ha (early post-emergence), W5 - pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 750 g/ha (pre-emergence), W6 - imazethapyr + imazamox at 50 g/ha (early post-emergence), W7 - pendimethalin at 750 g/ha (pre-emergence) + 1 hand weeding (25 days after sowing), W8 - imazethapyr at 40 g/ha (early post-emergence) + 1 hand weeding (35 days after sowing), W9 - pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 750 g/ha (pre-emergence) + 1 hand weeding (25 days after sowing), and W10 - imazethapyr + imazamox at 50 g/ha (early post-emergence) + 1 hand weeding (35 days after sowing). The early post-emergence application of imazethapyr + imazamox at 50 g/ha along with one hand weeding at 35 days after sowing resulted in significantly enhanced growth, yield attributes and overall yield. This treatment exhibited higher values for parameters such as dry matter per plant (g), plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight (g), yields of both seed and stover and harvest index. Additionally, this treatment was comparable in effectiveness to the application of imazethapyr at 40 g/ha (early post-emergence) + 1 hand weeding at 35 days after sowing and the weed-free condition. The application of imazethapyr + imazamox at 50 g/ha + 1 hand weeding at 35 days after sowing emerged as a promising strategy during the Kharif season for achieving the highest yield and net monetary returns in clusterbean cultivation.

Effect of Different Herbicidal Weed Management on Yield and Economic of Ragi

The present experiment was carried on the performance of ragi at the Instructional cum Research Farm, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh during Kharif seasons 2021 and 2022 The field experiment was laid out of ragi (Indira ragi 1) was growing variety for test crop in Randomized block design (RBD) with 10 treatment and 3 replications. The crop was sown manually on seedcum fertilizers 1 July 2021 and 2 July 2022 after the onset of monsoon. The result of the experiment revealed that, different weed management practices on seed yield, straw yield, harvest index % and economics of different herbicide application of ragi reveals that T9: Green manuring up to 40 DAS required highest cost of cultivation (Mean viz., 39676Rs. ha-1) than hand weeding twice 20 and 40 DAS (Mean viz., 34876Rs. ha-1) and lowest cost of cultivation in control (Mean viz., 22876Rs. ha-1). Gross return, net return and B: C ratio was significantly higher under (T5) Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10 % 20 g/ha (PE) fb Chlorimuronethyl 10 % + Metsulfuron methyl 10 % 4 g/ha (PoE). Seed and straw yield of finger millet (Mean viz., 2719 and 8167 kg ha-1 and 24.98%), Gross return, net return and B: C ratio (Mean viz., 94573, 68950Rs. ha-1 and 3.69) while minimum was recorded under T10: control during both years and on mean value.

Effect of Chemical and Non-Chemical Weed Management Practices in Direct Seeded Rice

A field experiment was conducted at Regional Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Paiyur, Tamil Nadu, India during the Summer of 2022 to study the effect of herbicide combination and non-chemical weed management techniques in puddled direct seeded rice. The experiment was laidout in a randomized block design with ten treatments and three replications. The treatments include Pre emergence (PE) Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP @ 20 g ha-1, Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 70% WDG @ 21 g ha-1, Post emergence (PoE) Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 25 g ha-1, Power weeder, Hand weeding (HW), Weed free and Weedy check. The results revealed that, among different weed control treatments, PE application of Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP @ 20 g ha-1 on 3 DAS fb (PoE) Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 25 g ha-1 on 20 DAS fb Power weeder at 30 DAS fb Hand weeding at 45 DAS (T5) recorded higher grain yield of 5422 kg ha-1 and B: C ratio of 2.35. The higher weed control efficiency of 83.52 % and 55.47 % was recorded at 30 and 60 DAS. Hence,it can be concluded that combination of PE (Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP @ 20 g ha-1 on 3 DAS) and POE (Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 25 g ha-1 on 20 DAS) herbicides along with non-chemical weed management technique (power weeder at 30 DAS and HW at 45 DAS) was found to be effective for weed control in direct seeded puddled lowland rice to deal with the issues of labour shortage and weed infestation faced by farmers.

Effect of Integrated Weed Management Practices on Growth and Yield of Green Chilli (Capsicum annum L.)

Weed infestation in chilli production, especially during early growth stages, is a major constraint leading to significant yield loss. Effective weed management during this critical phase is crucial for maximizing chilli crop productivity. Keeping this in view a field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Abhilashi University, Mandi (H.P) during the Kharif season of 2022-23. The main objective was to assess the impact of various integrated weed management strategies on the growth and yield of green chilli crops. The experiment consisted of seven treatments with control, laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The treatment details viz., T1[Weedy check (Control)], T2(Weed free), T3[Hand weeding at 30 and 60 days after transplanting (DAT)], T4[organic mulch (paddy straw)], T5 (Oxyfluorfen 1.0 kg/ha, T6 Pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha) and T7 (Pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha. + HW after 60 DAT). The results of the study revealed that the "Weed-free" treatment (T4) exhibited the highest plant height (80.35 cm), number of leaves per plant (120), number of fruits per plant (85) with an average weight of fruits per plant (276.74 g), dry weight of fruits per plant (33.21 g) and yield (7.56 kg/plot and 189.05 q/ha). The treatment "Pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha + Hand weeding after 60 DAT" (T7) followed closely, recording the plant height (75.78 cm), number of leaves per plant (114.66), number of fruits per plant (82.33) with an average weight of fruits per plant (251.56 g), dry weight of fruits per plant (32.7 g) and yield (7.12 kg/plot and 178.08 q/ha). The "Weedy check" treatment (T1) required the longest duration for 50% flowering and the first and final harvest, with 76, 108 and 124 days, respectively. On the other hand, the "Weed-free" treatment (T2) required the shortest period, with 66, 93, and 106 days, respectively. Regarding weed-related parameters, the "Weedy check" treatment (T1) demonstrated the highest weed count (110), fresh weight of weeds (2160.03 g) and dry weight of weeds (388.81 g), while the "Weed-free" treatment (T2) exhibited the minimum weed count (0.00), fresh weight of weeds (0.00 g) and dry weight of weeds (0.00 g). The highest weed control efficiency (WCE) of 100% and the lowest weed index (0.00%) were observed in the "Weed-free" treatment (T2), whereas the lowest WCE (0.00%) and the highest weed index (69.69%) were recorded in the "Weedy check" treatment (T1). Economically, the combined treatment of "Pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha with hand weeding after 60 DAT" (T7) resulted in the highest net return of 4,39,192.78 ₹/ha, followed by the "Weed-free" treatment (T2) with 4,35,207 ₹/ha. The lowest net return was observed in the "Weedy check" treatment (T1) with 62,117.28 ₹/ha.

Trewia nudiflora Linn, a Medicinal Plant: Allelopathic Potential and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Its Leaf Extracts

Trewia nudiflora Linn. is a valuable forest resource due to its economic, ethnomedicinal, and ecological properties; however, its allelopathic potential is undocumented. Therefore, this research was designed to investigate the allelopathic impacts of T. nudiflora leaf extracts on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.) growth, as well as to isolate and to identify the active allelopathic substances responsible for these effects. A bioassay experiment with eight different treatments (0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, and 300 mg dry weight (DW) equivalents of T. nudiflora extracts in mL−1) was carried out. The results showed that the growth of both plants decreased with increasing contents of T. nudiflora extracts, with the effect depending on the plant species and reaching its peak at a concentration of a 300 mg DW equivalent of T. nudiflora extract in mL−1. Active substances were isolated and identified using an HPLC system, which revealed the presences of methyl gallate and pinoresinol in aqueous methanol extracts of T. nudiflora. The shoot and root lengths of the alfalfa and the barnyard grass decreased significantly when they were treated with the methyl gallate and the pinoresinol. The allelopathic inhibition increased with increasing compound concentrations, with the root growth being more sensitive to the pinoresinol than to the methyl gallate, and it was significantly higher at the concentration of 10 mM. These results indicated that the T. nudiflora leaf extracts limited the growth of the treated plants, and the methyl gallate and pinoresinol in the extracts may have caused the inhibition of the T. nudiflora extracts. Thus, the leaf extracts of T. nudiflora and the substances methyl gallate and pinoresinol could be incorporated into sustainable agricultural practices or used to develop bioherbicides that would promote sustainable weed management practices.

Trouble in the rice field: Distribution ecology and indicator value of weed species in the rice fields of Himalayan region

Field-based evaluation of indicator weed species in agriculture systems is effective for developing site-specific weed management. Because of anthropogenic activities and climate change, new weeds are invading agricultural fields. The current study examined the weed species in agricultural fields with a focus on diversity, distribution ecological patterns, and identification of indicator species, all of which might help in effective weed management practices. Following the calculation of the Importance Value Index for each weed species, ordination, and indicator species analysis were conducted. We collected vegetation data through random sampling, and the current study recorded 47 species, taxonomically distributed across 41 genera and 19 families. Asteraceae with 13% of species was the leading family followed by Poaceae, and Brassicaceae (11% each). Annual weed species with 49% were the dominant life span category. The phytogeographical analysis revealed that the highest number (28 species) recorded from the study area were native, while 19 species were alien. Of the total alien species, 4 were invasive, and 14 were naturalised and one species Bassia scoparia was casual. The diversity indices show significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in weeds in rice fields recorded from the study area. Detrended correspondence analysis grouped the species Geranium rotundifolium, Sisymbrium loeselii, Mentha longifolia, Rumex dentatus, Amaranthus viridis on the extreme left side suggest a low score on axis 1 and a high score on axis 2. The analysis of indicator species revealed a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in agriculture fields across the sampled sites. According to the indicator species analysis, Poa annua, Persicaria hydropiper, Ranunculus sceleratus, and Echinochloa colona were the key weed species found in the study area. This investigation might aid weed management strategies to minimize crop losses and increase of rice production to fulfill the current food requirement.

Effect of Non-Chemical Weed Management Practices on Weed Dynamics and Yield in Blackgram (Vigna mungo)

The field experiment was conducted at wetlands farms of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University during summer 2022 with an objective of evaluating the non-chemical weed management practices in blackgram (vigna mungo). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with ten treatments replicated thrice. Treatments included leaf extracts of sorghum, castor and papaya @ 30% concentration, citric acid 5% + garlic 0.2%, dust mulching, mechanical and hand weeding along with weed free, weedy check and chemical check. The results revealed that among the various non-chemical weed management practices pre-emergence application of sorghum leaf extract @ 30% concentration resulted in lower weed density (56.33 No.m-2) and dry weight (3.28 g m-2) at 15 DAS which is higher than chemical check (32 No. m-2 and 2.11 g m-2 respectively). On 30 DAS dust mulching recorded lowest density (73.67 No. m-2) which was on par with sorghum leaf extract (81.33 No.m-2) while weedy check recorded highest density (326.67 No.m-2). PE application sorghum leaf extract @ 30% on 3 DAS fb hand weeding on 30 DAS gave a comparative yield of 875 ka ha-1 which is highest among other non-chemical treatments. Thus, using 30% sorghum leaf extracts can aid in cost-effective non-chemical weed control in summer irrigated blackgram.

Determination of Weed Control Efficiency of Pre-Rice Cropping Cassava/Legume Intercrops and Different Weed Management Practices in Low Land Rice at Badeggi Central Nigeria

The experiment was conducted at the lowland experimental field of National Cereals Research Institute, Badeggi. (90 45N, 600 7E, Alt, 70.57 m) in the Southern Guinea Savannah Agro-ecological zone of Nigeria in 2020-2022 cropping seasons The study was to evaluate the effect of pre-rice cropping cassava/legume intercrops and different weed management practices on weed control efficiency, growth and productivity of low land rice. The trial was conducted in two stages. The first (preceding intercropping) The treatments consisted of Mucuna puriens, Cowpea, Soybean, Lablab purpureus and Aeschynomene histrix that were intercropped with cassava (IIT 427 variety), sole cassava and natural fallow were also included as treatments. These were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design and replicated three times. Cassava/legume intercropping was carried out in January using residual moisture on raised beds that were prepared manually. Plot size used was 12.5 x 5 m with alley way of 0.5 m. Beds were constructed at 2.5 m long, 0.5 m wide and 0.75 m high. Planting of Cassava was done on the top sides of beds in two rows with the intra-row spacing of 0.5 (ten stands per bed) and planting of legumes were 0.5 m x 9.25 inter and intra-row spacing respectively except for soybean which was planted drilled at 5 cm intra row spacing immediately the beds were constructed. The cassava/legume cropping was harvested in August The second trial was the planting of rice on the plots previously cropped with cassava/legume intercrops. The trial was laid out in split plot design. Cassava/legume intercrop systems were allocated to the main plot, while weed management practices:- (i) Application of 4. 0 (propanil at 1.44 kg a.i. ha-1 plus 2,4 D at 0.80 kg a.i ha-1 ( Orizo plusR, at the rate of 2.24 kg a.i ha-1 at 3 weeks after transplanting (WAT) followed by hand weeding at 6 WAT (ii) two hand weedings at 3 and 6 WAT (iii) one hand weeding at 3 WAT, and (iv) weedy check were put into the sub plots with size of 12.5 x 5 m for main plots while and sub plot size was 3 x 5 m three replications. The results of treatments indicated that rice planted after cassava/Mucuna, cassava/Aeschynomene intercrops under two hand weeding and herbicide followed by one hand weeding produced lower density and dry matter. Weed control efficiency was higher in rice planted after cassava/mucuna intercrop. Weed reduction percentage range from 25-45 %, 30-50 % and 45-65 % in rice grown after cassava/legume intercrop compared to rice after fallow in 2011, 2012 and 2013 respectively. Higher rice plant height, higher number of rice tiller/stand were recorded in rice grown after cassava/Mucuna, cassava/Aeschynomene. Rice panicles per m2 and rice grain yield were increased by 72.9%, 83.6% and 84.1% in 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively, with two hand weeding when compared with zero weeding. Rice planted after natural fallow under zero weeding produced higher weed density which resulted in poor rice performances. Rice planted after cassava Mucuna consistently controlled weed growth while cassava/cowpea and cassava Aeschynomene performed much better in rice production hence should be adopted as cropping systems for farmers

An Integrated Effect of Weed Management in Blackgram

A field experiment was conducted at Wetlands farm, Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during summer season (March-June) of 2023, to study the effect of different weed management practices on weed flora, weed growth and yield of summer irrigated blackgram (VBN11). The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments and three replications. Treatments comprised of power operated weeder at 15 DAS and 30 DAS with 40 × 7.5 cm and 45 × 7.5 cm plant spacing; pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 30% EC @ 1 kg ha-1 fb (followed by) power operated weeder at 20 DAS with 40 × 7.5 cm and 45 × 7.5 cm plant spacing; pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 30% EC @1 kg ha-1 fb early post emergence application of Imazethapyr @ 100 g ha-1 + Quizalofop-ethyl @ 50 g ha-1 (Tank mix) at 20 DAS with 40 × 7.5 cm plant spacing and 45 × 7.5 cm plant spacing; hand weeding at 20 DAS and 40 DAS with 30 × 10 cm plant spacing. The results revealed that among the various weed management practices, the weeds were effectively controlled by the pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 30 % EC @ 1 kg ha-1fb power weeder at 20 DAS with 40 × 7.5 cm plant spacing with significantly lower weed density, higher Weed Control Efficiency and higher grain yield (881 kg ha-1).

Influence of Crop Establishment Methods and Weed Management Practices on Growth and Yield Attributes of Wheat

An experiment was conducted in Rabi season of 2019-20 and 2020-21; consist of six crop establishment methods viz., Conventional till wheat - residue removed, Conventional till wheat - residue incorporation at 20 days before sowing (30 cm height), Conventional till wheat - mulching (6 t ha-1), Zero till wheat without residue and Zero till wheat – residue as mulch (6 t ha-1), zero till wheat- residue retention (30 cm) was assigned to main plots and weed management practices viz., weed free (weeds were removed with the help of hand weeding during entire crop period), Weedy check, Pendimethalin (1 kg ha-1, PE) fb sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron (30 + 2 g ha-1, PoE) and Pendimethalin (1 kg ha-1, PE) fb iodosulfuron + carfentrazone (2.5 + 20 g ha-1, PoE) were allocated to sub plots. Among crop establishment methods, zero tillage with residue mulching @ 6 t ha-1 and among the weed management practices, Pendimethalin (1 kg ha-1, PE) fb iodosulfuron + carfentrazone (2.5 + 20 g ha-1, PoE) recorded maximum plant height and yield attributes of wheat over rest of the treatments.

Effect of Different Weed Management Practices on Nutrient Uptake by Weeds and Crop Yield of Organic Basmati Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

An field experiment was conducted during Kharif season of 2021at the Organic Farming Research Centre, Chatha, SKUAST- J to evaluate the effect of different weed management practices on nutrient uptake and yield in organic basmati rice production. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with 11 treatments which were replicated thrice. The highest nitrogen (29.66 kg/ha), phosphorus (16.22 kg/ha) and potassium (32.66 kg/ha) uptake by weeds were recorded in weedy check. Amongst organic weed management treatments, application of vinegar @ 10 % at 5 DBT + hand weeding at 30 DAT which was though statistically at par with recommended practice of two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAT recorded significantly lowest nitrogen (2.31 kg/ha), phosphorus (1.21 kg/ha) and potassium (2.44 kg/ha) uptake by weeds followed by the application of vinegar @ 5 % at 5 DBT + hand weeding at 30 DAT and application of rice bran @ 2.5 t/ha (extract at 1:3 wt./vol. basis) at 5 DBT + hand weeding at 30 DAT than weedy check and other organic weed management treatments in comparison. However, maximum grain and straw yield was recorded with the application of vinegar @ 10% at 5 DBT fb one hand weeding at 30 DAT to the tune of 31.17 q/ha and 54.27 q/ha, respectively. Thus, it may be concluded that the application of vinegar @ 10 % at 5 DBT fb one hand weeding at 30 DAT may be recommended as economical viable option in organic basmati rice crop.

Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Green Gram (Vigna Radiata L.) and Weeds as Influenced by Different Integrated Weed Management Practices in Western Uttar Pradesh

The aim of the study is to assess the performance of post-emergence applications of Imazethapyr and Quizalofop-ethyl in combination with pre-emergence applications of Pendimethalin on green gram (Vigna radiata L.). The results revealed that treatment T2 (weed-free) had the best financial return (Rs 91250 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.72), while among the herbicides treatments T10 and T8 had the highest net financial return (Rs 92706 ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.14), respectively.

Evaluation of crop-topping strategies to reduce common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) seed production in potato production systems

AbstractPotato producers in Canada’s Atlantic provinces of Prince Edward Island (PE) and New Brunswick rely on photosystem II (PSII)-inhibiting herbicides to provide season-long weed control. Despite this fact, a high proportion of common lambsquarters populations in the region have been identified as resistant to this class of herbicides. Crop-topping is a late-season weed management practice that exploits the height differential between weeds and a developing crop canopy. Two field experiments were conducted in Harrington, PE, in 2020 and 2021, one each to evaluate the efficacy of a different crop-topping strategy, above-canopy mowing or wick-applied glyphosate, at two potato phenological stages, on common lambsquarters viable seed production and potato yield and quality. Mowing common lambsquarters postflowering decreased viable seed production (72% to 91%) in 2020 but increased seed production (78% to 278%) in 2021. Mowing had minimal impact on potato marketable yield across cultivars in both years. In contrast, treating common lambsquarters with wick-applied glyphosate had variable impacts on seed output in 2020 but dramatically reduced seed production (up to 95%) in 2021 when treatments were applied preflowering. Glyphosate damage to potato tubers was not influenced by timing and resulted in a 14% to 15% increase in culled tubers due to black spotting and rot. Our results highlight the importance of potato and common lambsquarters phenology when selecting a crop-topping strategy and demonstrate that above-canopy mowing and wick-applied glyphosate can be utilized for seedbank management of herbicide-resistant common lambsquarters in potato production systems.

Effect of Integrated Weed Management Practices on Growth and Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L.)

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of integrated weed management practices on growth and yield of onion at College Farm, Professor Jayashanker Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad in Rabi 2021. The experiment consisted of eleven treatments and laid out in randomised block design (RBD) with 3 replications. Results revealed that growth parameters viz., plant height and number of leaves per plant were significantly influenced by weed management practices. Significantly high growth parameters were recorded with mechanical weeding at 20 and 40 DAT and it was at par with pendimethalin 38.7% CS 677.25 g ha-1 PE + polyfilm mulch and oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC 100 g ha-1 PE + polyfilm mulch. Similarly, higher yield was recorded with mechanical weeding at 20 and 40 DAT (183.2 q ha-1) and it was on par with pendimethalin 38.7% CS 677.25 g ha-1 PE + polyfilm mulch (176.3 q ha-1) and oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC 100 g ha-1 PE + polyfilm mulch T2 (173.2 q ha-1). On the other hand, lower growth parameters and yield was recorded in unweeded treatment. Hence it can be concluded that mechanical weeding at 20 and 40 DAT or pendimethalin 38.7% CS 677.25 g ha-1 PE + polyfilm mulch or oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC 100 g ha-1 PE + polyfilm mulch may be adopted for better growth and yield in onion.