Weed Management Practices Research Articles

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT WEED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF INDIAN MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA)

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) is an economically significant oilseed crop cultivated widely in India with versatile applications in various industries. However, weed infestation poses a major challenge to successful mustard cultivation, leading to reduced crop productivity and growth. To address these challenges, farmers and researchers have employed various weed management practices encompassing cultural, mechanical, chemical, and biological approaches. Understanding the effectiveness of these weed control strategies is essential for optimizing mustard cultivation and enhancing overall crop productivity. In this study, an experiment was conducted at the Experimental Research Farm Rampur of Doon (P.G) College of Agriculture Science & Technology in Uttarakhand, India. The experiment followed a Randomized Block Design (R.B.D) with eight weed management treatments and three replications, resulting in 24 experimental plots. The treatments included weed check, hand weeding, and various herbicides (Pendimethalin, Oxyfluorfen, Isoproturon, Quizalofop, Oxadiaryzl, and Clodinoflop). Data on growth attributes (plant height and number of branches per plant) and yield attributes (number of siliqua per plant, siliqua length, number of seeds per siliqua, and 1000-seed weight) were collected at different growth stages. The results showed that hand weeding and Pendimethalin @ 1.25 kg/ha were effective in promoting plant growth and yield attributes, while Clodinoflop @ 0.75 kg/ha had adverse effects on growth and yield. In terms of yield, hand weeding resulted in the highest seed yield, Stover yield, and biological yield, while the weed check treatment exhibited the lowest values. Economically, hand weeding demonstrated the highest gross return, net return, and benefit-to-cost ratio, emphasizing its economic superiority. However, herbicidal treatments like Pendimethalin also showed competitive economic benefits.

Effect of non-chemical weed management practices on growth and yield of tomato

Effect of non-chemical weed management practices on growth and yield of tomato

Effect of weed management practices under irrigated condition growth and yield of field pea (Pisum sativum L)

Field pea (Pisum sativum L) crop was conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm of B. H. U. Varanasi, during rabi season of 2010-11. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design (RBD) with 10 weed control treatments viz., pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 (PE), pendimethalin 1.0 kg (PE) + imazethapyr 75 g ha-1 (PoE), quizalofop- ethyl 60 g ha-1 (PoE), quizalofop- ethyl 50 g ha-1 (PoE), imazethapyr 75 g ha-1 (PoE), imazethapyr 50 g ha-1 (PoE), chlorimuron- ethyl 4 g ha-1 (PPI), pendimethalin 1kg ha-1 (PE) + imazethapyr 50 g ha-1 (PoE) and weed free (HW at 30 and 60 DAS) were compared with weedy check and two irrigation were given to crop at critical stages of crop growth. The soil of experimental field application recommended dose of fertilizer at the time of sowing and soil sandy clay loam in texture, with slightly alkaline in reaction (pH 7.8). Field pea variety HUDP-15 was sown at row spacing of 30 cm apart on 11 November 2010. The observation on weed density and weed dry matter accumulations were recorded at 30, 60 and 90 DAS. Weed control efficiency was calculated at maximum weed dry weight stage (60 DAS) of crop growth. Among herbicidal treatments, sequential application of pendimethalin 1kg ha-1 (PE) + imazethapyr 50 g ha-1 (PoE) was proved to be the most effective in reducing the weed density and dry weight. It also recorded maximum weed control efficiency and lower weed index. The Observation on plant height, and yield attributes viz., pods plant-1, grains pod-1, seed index (100-grain weight), grain and straw yield. The crop growth, yield attribute, grain and straw yield, were maximum in pendimethalin 1kg ha-1 (PE) + imazethapyr 50 g ha-1 (PoE) treated plot followed by pendimethalin 1kg ha-1 (PE) + imazethapyr 75 g ha-1 (PoE) and quizalofop- ethyl 60 g ha-1 (PoE).

Productivity and profitability of zero till winter maize as influenced by integrated weed management practices

Productivity and profitability of zero till winter maize as influenced by integrated weed management practices

Effect of weed management practices on weeds and productivity of timely sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Effect of weed management practices on weeds and productivity of timely sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Effect of weed management practices on seed yield of berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)

Effect of weed management practices on seed yield of berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)

Weed dynamics, growth and yield of maize as influenced by organic weed management practices

Weed dynamics, growth and yield of maize as influenced by organic weed management practices

Management of weed diversity through organic mulching and alternative weed suppression practices on ginger (Zingiber officinale)

A field experiment was conducted at the Regional Research Station (Hill Zone), Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalimpong, Darjeeling, West Bengal, during 2019 and 2020 to study the effect of weed diversity, growth and yield of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rose) as influenced by organic mulching and alternative weed management practices. The randomized block design, having seven varying treatments with three replications was used. The treatments consisted of dry weed biomass mulch @ 5.0 t/ha (T1), paddy straw mulch @ 5.0 t/ha (T2), FYM Mulch @ 5.0 t/ha (T3), dry leaves of Schima wallichi@ 5.0 t/ha (T4), dry leaves of Artimesia sp. and Eupatorium sp. @ 5.0 t/ha (T5), hand weeding (twice) at 45 and 90 DAS (T6) and unweeded control (T7). The result showed that hand weeding twice at 45 and 90 DAS (T6) appreciably reduced the total weed population/m2 and total dry weight of weeds than unweeded control plot (T7) at all the stages of crop growth. The highest plant height (82.10 cm), number of leaves/clump (65.41), number of pseudo stem/clump (5.17), rhizome length (7.22 cm), rhizome width (5.50 cm), number of fingers/rhizome (6.42), yield/plant (0.268 kg/plant), yield (20.33 t/ha) and weed control efficiency were recorded under the hand weeding twice at 45 and 90 DAS (T6) compared to other treatments. The results showed that it is necessary to cover the soil surface with different mulch materials and manual weed control practices to achieve a good control of weeds along with enhanced yield attributes and yield.

Functionally diverse cover crops support ecological weed management in orchard cropping systems

Abstract Diverse agricultural management practices are critical for agroecosystem sustainability, and cover crops provide opportunity for varied management and increased biodiversity. Understanding how cover crops fill open ecological niches underneath the trees, interact with weeds, and potentially provide ecosystem services to decrease pest pressure is essential for ecological agricultural management. The goal of this study was to test the weed suppression potential of two cover crop treatments with varied functional diversity compared to standard weed management practices in commercial almond orchards in California. Transect plant surveys were used to evaluate orchard plant communities under a functionally diverse seed mix including grasses, legumes, and brassicas, and a relatively uniform cover crop mix that included only brassica species. Winter annual orchard cover crops reduced bare ground from 39.3% of total land area to 15.9 or 11.4%, depending on treatment. Furthermore, winter cover crops displaced weeds with a negative correlation of 0.74. The presence of cover crops did not consistently affect weed community composition for low-richness weed communities found in California orchards. Diverse cover crop mixes more reliably resulted in increased ground cover across site years compared to uniform cover crop mixes, with coefficients of variation for ground cover at 49.6 and 91.5%, respectively. Cover crops with different levels of functional diversity can contribute to orchard weed management programs at commercial scales. Functional diversity supports cover crop establishment, abundance, and competitiveness across varied agroecological conditions, and cover crop mixes could be designed to address an assortment of orchard management concerns.

Tillage and weed management practice influences on weed dynamics and yield of greengram in maize-wheat-greengram cropping system

Tillage and weed management practice influences on weed dynamics and yield of greengram in maize-wheat-greengram cropping system

Impact of weed management practices on weed growth, crop yield and soil microbes in groundnut

Impact of weed management practices on weed growth, crop yield and soil microbes in groundnut

Effect of weed management practices on weeds and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Effect of weed management practices on weeds and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Effect of weed management practices on growth and productivity of pigeonpea under greengram/ blackgram intercropping systems

Effect of weed management practices on growth and productivity of pigeonpea under greengram/ blackgram intercropping systems

Composition and diversity of weedy rice species in lowland irrigated rice field of Argao, Cebu, Philippines

Abstract. Lillo EP, Chavez MLM, Malaki AB, Alcazar SMT, Baoy RR, Margate MA, Abrigana M. 2022. Composition and diversity of weedy rice species in lowland irrigated rice field of Argao, Cebu, Philippines. Biodiversitas 23: 6275-6283. Weeds serve as a severe challenge for rice growers, causing annual crop losses worldwide. The study aims to provide baseline information on the composition and diversity of weedy rice species in lowland irrigated rice fields of Argao, Cebu, Philippines, as a basis for farmers' weed management practices. Field surveys were done using the quadrate method. A quadrate measuring 1m x 1m was randomly placed in weed-infested rice plantation areas. Weedy rice species inside the quadrate were identified. The diversity of species was computed using Shannon diversity index. A total of 53 species were recorded and classified into 21 families and 40 genera. Dominant weedy rice species during the vegetative stage was Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn., and Fimbristylis quinquangularis (Vahl) Kunth. for both the reproductive and harvesting stage. The site has a computed diversity value of H'=3.36 with a relative value of high species diversity, indicating less input in terms of weed management practices. The cluster analysis reveals that the lowland rice fields of Argao were covered by seven weedy rice communities. This situation could create a negative impact on rice production output. The similarity in species composition among sampling sites signifies uniformity in the application of specific weed management practices.

Interpreting Morphology and Yield Response of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) to Weed Variables Using Regression Analysis

The cohabitation of weeds with crops may not always pose problems. Weeds are plant pests that negatively impact crop yield. However, it is essential to determine when pest status is reached in crops for weed management decisions in crop production. Field experiments were conducted during the rainy seasons of 2017 and 2018 at the research farm of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training Ibadan (7o38' N 3o 84' E), located in the rainforest-savanna transition agroecology of southwestern Nigeria. The experiments consisted of nine weed management practices and a weedy check arranged in Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications. Weed density and weight, along with okra's morphological attributes such as the number of leaves, leaf area, plant height and stem girth, were recorded 9 weeks after sowing (WAS). At commercial maturity, unlignified okra pods were harvested from 9-12 WAS. Simple linear correlation and regression analysis between weed parameters and okra traits was performed. The result showed a negative relationship between weed growth and okra yield in both trials. The negative impact of weeds on some morphological traits of okra probably led to the reduction in okra yield. However, plant height and number of nodes did not significantly (P < 0.05) influence okra yield. Weeds attained pest status for okra at a weed density of about 14.17 plants/m2 with weed dry and fresh weights of 10.05 g/m2 and 54.86 g/m2 , respectively. Hence, weed management is necessary for okra production to reduce yield loss.

Effect of weed management practices on chilli yield in chattogram hill districts of bangladesh

Effect of weed management practices on chilli yield in chattogram hill districts of bangladesh

Influence of Different Weed Management Practices on Weed Indices and Growth Parameters of Summer Moong (Vigna radiata L.Wilczek) Under Irrigated Conditions of Punjab

A field experiment was conducted during summer season of 2019-20 at the Campus for Research and Advanced Studies Dhablan ofGeneral Shivdev Singh Diwan Gurbachan Singh Khalsa College, Patiala, Punjab. A set of 12 different treatment combinations werelaid out in randomized block design with 3 replications. Different weed management practices significantly influenced weed indices,growth and economics of summer moong crop. Besides weed free treatment, weed indices like total weed population (3.13 m-2), weeddry weight (4.07 gm-2) and weed index except weed control efficiency (%) were recorded significantly minimum with applicationof Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 pre emergence (PE) followed by hand weeding (H.W.) at 30 date after sowing (DAS), followed by theapplication of Imazethapyr @75 gm ha-1 (PE) followed by one hand weeding at 30 DAS at all growth stages. All growth parameters viz.,plant height (36.28 cm), number of branches plant-1 (10.16) and dry weight (76.63 g) plant-1 significantly increased with application ofPendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1(PE) followed by H.W. at 30 DAS. The benefit cost ratio (2.68) was significantly maximum with applicationof Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PE) followed by H.W. at 30 DAS.

Performance of sequential application of pre and post-emergence herbicides for management of weeds in aerobic rice (Oryza sativa)

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2014 and 2015 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V.C. Farm, Mandya, Karnataka, India, to study the performance of sequential application of herbicides in aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.). Among the weed-management practices, hand-weeding at 20, 40 and 60 days after sowing (DAS) resulted in significantly lower density and dry weight of all categories of weeds, ensuing higher grain yield (5.57 and 5.42 t/ha, respectively); this was closely followed by pre-emergence application of pyrazosulfuron ethyl @ 25 g/ha and by post-emergence application of bispyribac-sodium @ 25 g/ha at 20 days after sowing (5.20 and 5.12 t/ha, respectively) during both the years. However, the higher net returns (`48,210 and 47,040/ha, respectively) and benefit: cost ratio (2.62 and 2.58, respectively), during both the years were obtained from sequential application of herbicide treatment. Uncontrolled weed growth caused about 51% reduction in grain yield of aerobic rice during 2014 and 2015.

False Seedbed for Agroecological Weed Management in Forage Cereal–Legume Intercrops and Monocultures in Greece

Intercropping cereals with legumes is a widely used agronomic practice to improve forage yield and quality in forage cropping systems. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the potential of a false seedbed to reduce weed pressure in intercrops and monocultures of annual ryegrass and berseem clover during the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 growing seasons in western Greece. A split-plot randomized complete block design with four replications was set up. Seedbed manipulations assigned to the main plots included: normal seedbed preparation (NSB) and seeding, and two different false seedbeds. In the first (FSB 1) and second false seedbeds (FSB 2), weeds were controlled by shallow tillage at 1 and 2 weeks, respectively, after the first tillage and immediately before crop sowing. Forages were subplots of berseem clover (BCM) and annual ryegrass monocultures (ARM) and three intercrops with BCM:ARM ratios of 75:25 (ARBC 1), 50:50 (ARBC 2), and 25:75 (ARBC 3). FSB 1 reduced weed biomass by 27% and 34% compared to NSB in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022, respectively (p ≤ 0.001). FSB 2 improved forage yield by 9% and 14% in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022, respectively, compared to FSB 1. Compared to NSB, FSB 2 also increased forage yield by 11% in 2020–2021 and 17% in 2021–2022. Berseem clover biomass was higher in FSB 2 than in NSB main plots in both years. In the first harvest, ARBC 3 was the most weed-suppressive intercrop, which also provided the highest forage yield in both the first and second harvests of both years, followed by ARM and ARBC 2. In the second harvest, forage yield was 11% and 12% higher in ARBC 3 subplots than in ARBC 1 and BCM subplots, respectively. Similar results were obtained for cumulative forage yield from two harvests. Further research is needed to evaluate other alternative practices for agroecological weed management in low-input forage production systems in the Mediterranean region.

Impact of weed management practices on weeds and okra crop

A preliminary study was conducted during the summer of 2014 and 2015 at the N.M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India to evaluate the 10 treatments of weed-management, i.e. stale seedbed, pre- and post-emergence herbicides alone and in combination, integrated weed-management and hand-weeding in summer okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]. Almost 73.2% of weed infestation was dominated by grasses and sedges, followed by broad-leaf weeds (26.8%). Uncontrolled weed growth caused significant reduction in mean green pod yield of okra by 67%. Weed-free plot [3 hand-weedings (HW) at 20, 40 and 60 days after sowing (DAS)] showed the maximum weed-control efficiency (WCE) (88.4%), resulting in higher green pod yield (16.8 t/ha) and net returns (`105,233/ha). Statistically at par yields were also obtained from plots treated with not incorporated and 2 HW at 20 and 40 DAS (14.3 t/ha) and pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha followed by (fb) quizalofop-ethyl 0.04 kg/ha at 30 DAS (13.9 t/ha) with net returns of `83,442 and `82,277/ha respectively. Application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha (pre) fb quizalofop ethyl 0.04 kg/ha at 30 DAS supressed the weeds effectively (71.3% WCE) which not only reduced the drudgery of farm labour but also found practically more convenient and economically feasible weed-management option for higher production of okra fruit crop.