Web Service Operations Research Articles

ASSEMBLE:Attribute,Structure andSemantics Based ServiceMapping Approach for CollaborativeBusiness Process Development

Development of a Business Process (BP) is a challenging task for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) which often do not have adequate resources for design, coding, and management of their BPs. Knowledge of existing BPs of related organizations can be exploited for collaborative BP development. However, syntactic and semantic heterogeneity among the Web service operations of BPs across organizations is a major obstacle to such collaborative BP development. In this paper, we propose an approach for collaborative BP development that exploits the attribute and structural similarity of related BPs as well as the semantic information including preconditions and postconditions of operations, to compute a mapping between the available service operations of the user organization and the BP operations of other organizations. We experimentally evaluate the approach with real world data from e-commerce sales BPs and demonstrate its effectiveness.

A similarity network for web services operations substitution

Studying the similarity between Web services operations is a key solution to many problems, especially those related to the substitution, such as during a call failure or a malfunction, a list of similar operations is returned to the customer. He chooses an operation based on non-functional criteria. Generally, the similarity between Web services operations depends on the similarity between their inputs and their outputs parameters. In this work, we propose a new technique to study the functional similarity between web services operations. We will also, form a network such as the nodes represent the operations of the web services. A link joins two similar operations according to some relationships defined between them. The constituted network responds to the substitution best and much easier than existing works.

Toward service selection for workflow reconfiguration:An interface-based computing solution

Due to the open and diverse features of the Internet, applications need an effective method of performing a workflow reconfiguration to achieve both the functional behaviors and non-functional requirements of workflow changes when a service failure occurs. This paper proposes a service selection method for workflow reconfiguration based on interface operation matching. First, formal models of service workflow and interface operations of Web services are defined, and functional behavior comparisons of service selections are performed to determine the operation coverage set that will fulfill all activities that predefine the form of an abstract process. Second, reconfiguration patterns are introduced to describe different solution types for service patterns, including one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many, and many-to-one modes. Third, to consider the quality of service (QoS), the quality of service workflow (QoW) is proposed according to control structures and service interface computing, and the unified QoW formula is then provided to effectively rank each reconfiguration plan to provide a top-k solution recommendation. Fourth, related algorithms and a case study are discussed to show the service selection process during the workflow reconfiguration. To support the engineering implementation, a novel service workflow reconfiguration architecture is designed to provide guidance, which ranges from monitoring to recommendations for project implementation. Finally, experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.

Computerized decision support for beneficial home-based exercise rehabilitation in patients with cardiovascular disease

BackgroundExercise-based rehabilitation plays a key role in improving the health and quality of life of patients with Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Home-based computer-assisted rehabilitation programs have the potential to facilitate and support physical activity interventions and improve health outcomes. ObjectivesWe present the development and evaluation of a computerized Decision Support System (DSS) for unsupervised exercise rehabilitation at home, aiming to show the feasibility and potential of such systems toward maximizing the benefits of rehabilitation programs. MethodsThe development of the DSS was based on rules encapsulating the logic according to which an exercise program can be executed beneficially according to international guidelines and expert knowledge. The DSS considered data from a prescribed exercise program, heart rate from a wristband device, and motion accuracy from a depth camera, and subsequently generated personalized, performance-driven adaptations to the exercise program. Communication interfaces in the form of RESTful web service operations were developed enabling interoperation with other computer systems. ResultsThe DSS was deployed in a computer-assisted platform for exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation at home, and it was evaluated in simulation and real-world studies with CVD patients. The simulation study based on data provided from 10 CVD patients performing 45 exercise sessions in total, showed that patients can be trained within or above their beneficial HR zones for 67.1 ± 22.1% of the exercise duration in the main phase, when they are guided with the DSS. The real-world study with 3 CVD patients performing 43 exercise sessions through the computer-assisted platform, showed that patients can be trained within or above their beneficial heart rate zones for 87.9 ± 8.0% of the exercise duration in the main phase, with DSS guidance. ConclusionsComputerized decision support systems can guide patients to the beneficial execution of their exercise-based rehabilitation program, and they are feasible.

Method for Automatically Generating Test Cases for Web Services

Because manual test case design is time-consuming and laborious and has certain blindness and inclination, Web service testing is based on WSDL document and formal model tree automatic generation. The theoretical research and Web service single operation test case generation method. Web service operation test case method, and to build test tools. The application results show that this method can greatly save the time of manually analyzing the complex data types in WSDL files and the time of generating the test cases according to the test cases of built-in data types. It simplifies the generation of test cases, and prepares test cases.

Access to Device Reachability Data as a Component of Horizontal M2M Service Platform

The variety of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) applications based on very heterogeneous forms of platforms, technology, and data models has resulted in vertical solutions where interoperability is very limited. In order to develop horizontal platforms across different business domains, networks and devices, it is necessary to outline generic capabilities. Service Capabilities provide data mediation functions that may be shared by different applications through application programming interfaces. The paper presents an approach to design RESTful Web Services for access to location and presence status information of M2M devices. The Device Reachability Service Capability provides access to device location and allows device presence information to be registered and obtained. Web Service operations are identified by analysis on typical use cases. M2M device reachability information is modelled as REST resources organized in a tree structure. Web Service performance characteristics are evaluated by simulation.

Populating parameters of web services by automatic composition using search precision and WSDL weight matrix

Web service composition is meant for connecting different web services according to the requirement. This research implements a system for invoking the web services according to the users' requirement and composing the services if required. The unknown values of input parameters are populated by composing available web services automatically and dynamically. The methodology used here is searching the requested services according to the functional word using Bing search engine, processing the search results which have high precision, computation of WSDL weight matrix to select suitable web services for user satisfaction, and populating unknown input parameters' values by composing the web services. Composable web services are found by intra-cluster search and inter-cluster search among different operations of community web services. Composition rule is framed for the services involved in resolving unknown values, pre-condition and effect elements are tested before composition, and web services are invoked according to the composition rule.

Achieving autonomic Web service compositions with models at runtime

Several exceptional situations may arise in the complex, heterogeneous, and changing contexts where Web service operations run. For instance, a Web service operation may have greatly increased its execution time or may have become unavailable. The contribution of this article is to provide a tool-supported framework to guide autonomic adjustments of context-aware service compositions using models at runtime. During execution, when problematic events arise in the context, models are used by an autonomic architecture to guide changes of the service composition. Under the closed-world assumption, the possible context events are fully known at design time. Nevertheless, it is difficult to foresee all the possible situations arising in uncertain contexts where service compositions run. Therefore, the proposed framework also covers the dynamic evolution of service compositions to deal with unexpected events in the open world. An evaluation demonstrates that our framework is efficient during dynamic adjustments.

A Web Services Discovery Approach Based on Mining Underlying Interface Semantics

In recent years, Web service discovery has been a hot research topic. In this paper, we propose a novel Web services discovery approach, which can mine the underlying semantic structures of interaction interface parameters to help users find and employ Web services, and can match interfaces with high precision when the parameters of those interfaces contain meaningful synonyms, abbreviations, and combinations of disordered fragments. Our approach is based on mining the underlying semantics. First, we propose a conceptual Web services description model in which we include the type path for the interaction interface parameters in addition to the traditional text description. Then, based on this description model, we mine the underlying semantics of the interaction interface to create index libraries by clustering interaction interface names and fragments under the supervision of co-occurrence probability. This index library can help provide a high-efficiency interface that can match not only synonyms but also abbreviations and fragment combinations. Finally, we propose a Web service Operations Discovery algorithm (OpD). The OpD discovery results include two types of Web services: services with “Single” operations and services with “Composite” operations. The experimental evaluation shows that our approach performs better than other Web service discovery methods in terms of both discovery time and precision/recall rate.

Populating parameters of web services by automatic composition using search precision and WSDL weight matrix

Web service composition is meant for connecting different web services according to the requirement. This research implements a system for invoking the web services according to the users' requirement and composing the services if required. The unknown values of input parameters are populated by composing available web services automatically and dynamically. The methodology used here is searching the requested services according to the functional word using Bing search engine, processing the search results which have high precision, computation of WSDL weight matrix to select suitable web services for user satisfaction, and populating unknown input parameters' values by composing the web services. Composable web services are found by intra-cluster search and inter-cluster search among different operations of community web services. Composition rule is framed for the services involved in resolving unknown values, pre-condition and effect elements are tested before composition, and web services are invoked according to the composition rule.

Towards Behavioral Web Service Discovery Approach: State of the Art

The literature on web service (WS) discovery recognizes a major problem in the requirements of service consumption. Current works on WS discovery focuses on WS discovery scenario and neglect the analysis of the intervention of service consumer. Therefore, the problem of service consumer needs must be solved to guarantee the pertinence of WS selection and the consumer satisfaction.In this paper, we defined a comparative study between the WS discovery approaches. Based on the comparison framework, analyzes lead us to propose a specific approach to SOA named B-WSD approach based on behavioral aspect. The behavioral description of a WS consists in describing the order of invocation of WS operations more precisely the execution manner of composed WS.

융복합 시대의 정보 프라이버시와 신뢰 모델에 대한 실증 연구

There has been an exponential growth in the distribution and possession of sensitive information because of the emergence of various information channels such as smart devices, social media, etc. This enables the internet based web or mobile service operation institutions collecting the more personal information with ease, and in turn causes the issues of the privacy concerns. Followings are the results of this study: First, the information privacy concern has the negative effects upon the trust. Second, the information privacy concern has the negative effects upon the provision intention of personal information and the trust has positive effects upon the offering intention of personal information. At last, the offering intention of the personal information has the positive effects upon the behavior to provide the personal information.

Web Service Composition Framework using Petrinet and Web Service Data Cache in MANET

A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is characterized by multi-hop wireless links and frequent node mobility. Every neighboring node in the MANET is likely to have similar task and interests, several nodes might need to access the similar web service at different times. So, by caching the repeatedly accessed web service data within MANET, it is possible to reduce the cost of accessing the same service details from the UDDI and also from the external providers. Composition of web services leads to a better alternative as, at times a candidate web service may not completely serve the need of the customer. An effective Data Cache Mechanism (DCM) has been proposed in [6] using the Distributed Spanning Tree (DST) as a communication structure in Mobile network to improve scalability and lessen network overload. As an enhancement, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) technique has been applied on DST to cope with the fragile nature of the MANET and to improve the network fault tolerance [1]. In these perspectives, an efficient Web Service Cache Mechanism (WSCM) can be modeled to improve the performance of the web service operations in MANET. In this paper, a fine grained theoretical model has been formulated to assess the various performance factors such as Cooperative Cache and Mobility Handoff. In addition to these, the performance improvement of WSCM using DST and ACO optimized DST techniques in MANET has been proved experimentally using Precision and Data Reliability of the system using appropriate simulation.

Explain your data by Concept Profile Analysis Web Services

The Concept Profile Analysis technology (overlapping co-occurring concept sets based on knowledge contained in biomedical abstracts) has led to new biomedical discoveries, and users have been able to interact with concept profiles through the interactive tool “Anni” (http://biosemantics.org/anni). However, Anni provides no way for users to save their procedures, results, or related provenance. Here we present a new suite of Web Service operations that allows bioinformaticians to design and execute their own Concept Profile Analysis workflow, possibly as part of a larger bioinformatics analysis. The source code can be downloaded from ZENODO at http://www.dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10963.

Commitments to Regulate Social Web Services Operation

This paper discusses how social Web services are held responsible for the actions they take at run time. Compared to (regular) Web services, social Web services perform different actions, for instance establishing and maintaining networks of contacts and forming with some privileged contacts strong and long lasting collaborative groups. Assessing these actions' outcomes, to avoid any violation, occurs through commitments that the social Web services are required to bind to. Two types of commitments are identified: social commitments that guarantee the proper use of the social networks in which the social Web services sign up, and business commitments that guarantee the proper development of composite Web services in response to users' requests. Detecting commitment violation and action prohibition using monitoring results in imposing sanctions on the “guilty” social Web services and taking corrective actions. A system for commitment management in terms of definition, binding, monitoring, and violation detection is also discussed in this paper.

AN OVERVIEW OF METHODS FOR MONITORING WEB SERVICES BASED ON THE QUALITY OF SERVICES

Service-oriented architecture is an approach for making distributed systems that provide their services in the form of software applications. These services are called by other software and are used to make new services as well. Therefore, service quality is one of important issues in service-oriented architecture, whereas this issue has a considerable impact in selecting and composition of services to be presented to the users. In this area and in order to update data obtained from web service operations, continuous monitoring of non-functional properties is of particular importance. In this paper, the existing techniques in monitoring process are classified and discussed in detail.

A Distributed Framework for Semantic Web services Automatic Discovery and Composition Based on Matching of OWL-S

The Web services technology is now widely used in support of interoperability between distributed and heterogeneous applications. With the evolution of Semantic Web services (SWs) within organizations and their uses in a large-scale, composition of services in a distributed setting has become a real challenge. A mechanism for automatic composition of SWs according to their functionality is necessary, since the features are the most important thing that partners seek. In this paper, we describe a distributed approach to automatic composition of SWs, which supports the complexity of both SWs and the task at hand. The approach is based on the notion of alignment of OWL-S, in order to achieve semantic interoperability in a heterogeneous and distributed architecture, to ensure correct operation of Web services provided, and meet the needs and users’ preferences. The objective is to optimize the time of the completion of the automatic composition of SWs, and to overcome the problem of communication within and between SWs and network saturation.

A framework for evaluating semantic annotations of Web services: A network theory based approach for measuring annotation quality

In the past years various methods have been developed which require semantic annotations of Web services as an input. Such methods typically leverage discovery, match-making, composition and execution of Web services in dynamic settings. At the same time a number of automated Web service annotation approaches have been proposed for enabling application of these methods in settings where it is not feasible to provide the annotations manually. However, lack of effective automated evaluation frameworks has seriously limited proper assessment of the constructed annotations in settings where the overall annotation quality of large quantities of Web services needs to be evaluated. This paper describes an evaluation framework for measuring the quality of semantic annotations for a large number of real-world Web services from heterogeneous application domains. The evaluation framework is generally based on analyzing properties of Web service networks constructed from semantic annotations of the Web services. More specifically, we measure scale-free, small-world and correlation degree properties of the networks to evaluate the overall quality of annotations. The evaluation is demonstrated using annotations constructed semi-automatically for a set of publicly available WSDL documents containing descriptions of about 200 000 Web service operations.

Formalizing BPEL-TC Through Π-Calculus

WS-BPEL is way to define business processes that interact with external entities through web service operations using WSDL. We have proposed BPEL -TC, an extension to existing WS -BPEL which uses temporally customized Web Services (W SDL-TC) as a model for process decomposition and assembly. WSDL-TC handles both backward compatible and incompatible changes and also maintains various versions of the artifacts that results due to changes over time and customizations desired by the users . In this paper, we are using pi-calculus to formalize Business Process Execution Language - Temporal Customization (BPEL-TC) process. π -calculus is a model of computation for concurrent systems along with changing connectivity of interactive systems. Pi -calculus is an extension of the process algebra CCS, with added mobility to CCS while preserving its algebraic properties.

A Community Based Algorithm for Large Scale Web Service Composition

Web service composition is the process of synthesizing a new composite service using a set of available Web services in order to satisfy a client request that cannot be treated by any available Web services. The Web services space is a dynamic environment characterized by a huge number of elements. Furthermore, many Web services are offering similar functionalities. In this paper we propose a model for Web service composition designed to address the scale effect and the redundancy issue. The Web services space is represented by a two-layered network architecture. A concrete similarity network layer organizes the Web services operations into communities of functionally similar operations. An abstract interaction network layer represents the composition relationships between the sets of communities. Composition synthesis is performed by a two-phased graph search algorithm. First, the interaction network is mined in order to discover abstract solutions to the request goal. Then, the abstract compositions are instantiated with concrete operations selected from the similarity network. This strategy allows an efficient exploration of the Web services space. Furthermore, operations grouped in a community can be easily substituted if necessary during the composition's synthesis's process.