Web Service Discovery Method Research Articles

A Novel Web Service Discovery Method Combining Semantic Interface Similarity and Context Similarity

Web service discovery is to find the most relevant services to satisfy the requester queries by means of similarity matching between Web services and a service requirement. We propose a novel Web service discovery method based on semantic similarity measure combing I/O similarity and context similarity. A new similarity measurement between terms is put forward as the basis of Web service similarity. Similarity between terms is represented by the similarity of two concepts containing them, and is calculated by means of the length of the shortest path between two concepts. Three kinds of linked relations are considered, i.e. ISA, HASA and antonymy relations. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach can improve the accuracy of concept similarity measure. Service discovery based on the similarity measure has better query performance than previous discovery methods in the precision, recall and F-measure.

Clustering and Association Rules for Web Service Discovery and Recommendation: A Systematic Literature Review

The purpose of this study is to identify, summarize, and systematically compare various clustering and association rule techniques for web service discovery and recommendation, identify the most common data sets used in the extant literature, and highlight current trends and future research directions. Following the methodology of Kitchenham and Charters (Guidelines for performing Systematic Literature reviews in Software Engineering, 2007) for a systematic literature review (SLR), a set of research questions are designed. Six digital databases are searched. A total of 4581 papers were initially retrieved, and a rigorous two-stage scanning process resulted in 66 relevant papers. Based on the selection criteria and data extraction, 57 final studies were selected. These papers are summarized and compared, and the relevant information is extracted to answer the research questions. The synthesis resulted in knowledge of currently proposed methods for web service discovery and recommendation based on clustering and association rule techniques. Furthermore, it identifies algorithms, similarity measures, evaluation metrics, and data sets. Also identifies challenges, research gaps, trends, and future directions. We propose a classification of web service discovery and recommendation methods and map the 57 final selected papers into these classes. This review will help researchers to understand the current state-of-the-art in clustering and association rules techniques for web service discovery and recommendation, and also recognize trends and future directions for improvement. Future studies should broaden the basis of discovery and recommendation by including various types of web service descriptions including plain text that are currently used in web APIs. An opportunity for improvement by utilizing modern techniques based on big data analytics and social network analysis.

Semantic Web Services Discovery

This article describes how Web services play an important role in several fields such as e-commerce and e-health. As the number of Web services is increasing rapidly, finding the best Web service according to users' requirements becomes more challenging. The traditional method of Web service discovery is based on keyword match. Due to this, many Web services which are most relevant to the user request are left undiscoverable. Some other emergent approaches are based on semantics to improve the quality of the discovered Web services in terms of relevance and satisfaction of user's need. In this paper, the authors present a survey of existing semantic Web services discovery approaches giving priority to relevant ones. Furthermore, this paper provides a critical and comparative analysis of the studied approaches and stands out major challenges to be addressed to substantially enhance the semantic Web service discovery.

A Web Services Discovery Approach Based on Mining Underlying Interface Semantics

In recent years, Web service discovery has been a hot research topic. In this paper, we propose a novel Web services discovery approach, which can mine the underlying semantic structures of interaction interface parameters to help users find and employ Web services, and can match interfaces with high precision when the parameters of those interfaces contain meaningful synonyms, abbreviations, and combinations of disordered fragments. Our approach is based on mining the underlying semantics. First, we propose a conceptual Web services description model in which we include the type path for the interaction interface parameters in addition to the traditional text description. Then, based on this description model, we mine the underlying semantics of the interaction interface to create index libraries by clustering interaction interface names and fragments under the supervision of co-occurrence probability. This index library can help provide a high-efficiency interface that can match not only synonyms but also abbreviations and fragment combinations. Finally, we propose a Web service Operations Discovery algorithm (OpD). The OpD discovery results include two types of Web services: services with “Single” operations and services with “Composite” operations. The experimental evaluation shows that our approach performs better than other Web service discovery methods in terms of both discovery time and precision/recall rate.

Discovery and Invocation of Web Services using Multi-Dimensional Data Model with WSDL

Objectives: The aim of this research is to discover and invoke the Web services dynamically according to the users’ requirement. This system resolves the unknown input parameters’ names and invokes the required services. Methods/ Statistical Analysis: The methodology used is retrieving the Web Service Description Language (WSDL) of the Web services from the online-search-engine according to the user request, extracting and storing only the required elements in Multidimensional Online Analytical Processing (MOLAP) Cubes, mining MOLAP records to fill the unknown WSDL parameters’ name and dynamically invoking the Web services. Findings: The WSDL is big in size due to its multi elemental structure and requires huge space and time for storing and processing. Hence MOLAP cubes are used to store only the required elements of the retrieved WSDL. Existing Web Service discovery methods are classified into several categories: Ontology-based approach, UDDI based approach, Semantic-Based approach, QoS-based approach, Information Retrieval Based approach, data mining based approach and link-based approach. The drawbacks of the existing systems motivated the proposed system to use the WSDL-based method and to use an online search engine for the discovery of Web services. The proposed system is designed and implemented by considering the dynamic nature of the Web services. The results of experiments justify that the proposed system satisfies the user requests with reduced consumption of bandwidth, CPU and storage space. The performance of proposed system is high compared to the existing non-MOLAP systems. Application/ Improvements: Developing bigger applications with fewer resources and lesser time. Reusability of existing procedures through Remote Procedure Call (RPC). Satisfaction of the user requests at high speed.

A semantic similarity measure integrating multiple conceptual relationships for web service discovery

The process of Web service discovery identifies the most relevant services to requesters’ service queries. We propose a new measure of semantic similarity integrating multiple conceptual relationships (SIMCR) for Web service discovery. The new measure enables more accurate service-request comparison by treating different conceptual relationships in ontologies such as is-a, has-a and antonomy differently. Each service or request is represented by vectors of terms (or words) that characterize both the interface signature and textual description. The overall semantic similarity is computed as a weighted aggregation of interface similarity and description similarity. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed semantic similarity measure. As demonstrated in this study, the semantic Web service discovery method based on the proposed similarity measure outperforms existing state-of-the-art discovery methods in terms of precision, recall and F-measure. The proposed semantic similarity measure has wider applications such as to improve document classification or clustering, and to more accurately represent and apply knowledge in expert and intelligent systems.

Web Service Discovery for Cloud-Based Mobile Application Using Multi-Level Clustering and QoS-Based Ranking

Since many service providers are providing similar web services, finding an accurate web service based on user preferences is becoming a challenging task. Therefore, enhancing web service discovery (WSD) method will improve the searching performance. In this paper, we firstly discuss and review some existing web service discovery approaches and identify their limitations. Subsequently, we propose a web service discovery method for cloud-based mobile application by using multi-level clustering technique to improve performance by reducing the searching scope. Our web service discovery architecture is able to increase the discoverability of more accurate web services based on user's preferences. Meanwhile, user preference Quality of Services (QoS) attributes are also used for ranking procedure to allow user to decide the quality of the mobile application. The experimental results show that our approach is able to increase the searching performance and provide a reliable list of selection for users.

A Novel Rubric and Feature-based Appraisaland Comparison Framework for the Evaluationof Semantic Web Services Composition Approaches

Background/Objectives: This article proposes a novel methodology based on rubrics and feature-based schemes for the appraisal and comparison of approaches to semantic Web services composition and discovery. Methods/Statistical analysis: In order to evaluate the Semantic Web services composition and discovery approaches we created a new framework called RFSWS. This framework is the combination of traditional feature-based evaluation schemes and newly developed analytic rubrics tables. Five recently introduced prominent Semantic Web services composition approaches were identified, explained, and then evaluated/compared using RFSWS. Findings: In this work we determined aspects of Semantic Web services composition and discovery processes that can be evaluated as performance criteria in rubric tables. This is a novel application of rubrics, which have traditionally been used for grading student performance by teachers. We created a novel framework called RFSWS consisting of rubric tables and a feature-based evaluation scheme for the evaluation and comparison of Semantic Web service discovery and composition approaches, and applied it in the evaluation of five recently introduced prominent Semantic Web services composition approaches. Considering the shortcomings of existing Semantic Web services composition approaches that were discovered through this evaluation, we proposed an idealized dynamic Semantic Web service discovery and composition method, a yardstick by which all future Semantic Web services composition approaches can be evaluated. Application/ Improvements: Our novel RFSWS framework can be applied in the comprehensive and systematic evaluation/comparison of Semantic Web services discovery and composition approaches.

AN IMPROVED LIGHT-WEIGHT MATCHMAKING MECHANISM FOR DISCOVERING OWL-S SERVICES BASED ON SPARQL, BIPARTITE AND NLP APPROACH

Semantic Web services integrate the meaningful content of the Semantic Web with the business logic of Web services and thus enable industries and individuals to access these services. But as the number of available Web services increase, there is a growing demand for a mechanism for effective retrieval of required services. We propose an improved Semantic Web service discovery method for finding OWL-S (Web Ontology Language for Services) services by combining functional similarity matching (using bipartite graph) and textual similarity matching. However, discovering relevant Semantic Web service is a heavyweight task. Performance of service discovery is significantly reduced when the number of services increases. To overcome this issue, a lightweight filtering stage is also introduced before the discovery mechanism. Filtering is performed by semantic-based SPARQL (Simple Protocol and RDF Query Language) query. It will significantly reduce the input for the discovery process. Thus the search space and the time required to find the relevant services will be reduced. The proposed techniques are applied to a sample test collection and experimental results are presented, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the idea. ( Keywords: discovery, filtering, OWL-S, Semantic Web service, SPARQL )

Multi-Strategy Web Service Discovery for Smart Government

Semantic Web Service technology is the solution to system integration and business collaboration for smart government which is cross-border and heterogeneous on a large scale. However the tremendous Web services search space caused by the wide range, large scale and complex e-government business systems is one of the great challenges for smart government. The paper focuses on researches about service discovery in e-government business integration for smart government. In accordance with the application environment and the current technical status of e-government, the author proposes a multi-strategy Web service discovery method on the basis of the proposed semantic model. The discovery process comprises three stages: keyword query with semantic enhancement, IO semantic matching and PE semantic matching. Finally similarity calculating method is proposed to evaluate the matching degree of each candidate service for service selection as well as the conclusions.

Service Discovery Based on Self-Evolution of Domain Ontology and Cloud Migration of Web Service

To meet the demand of the higher precision ratio and recall ratio of service search, a method of Web service discovery is proposed based on ontology evolution and Web service migration. According to the developed cloud service platform and the existed service repository and domain ontology list, a service migration process is proposed which migrate to the cloud platform and implement unified management for Web service. This process effectively achieves that Web services migrate in and out of the cloud platform. In order to realize the self-evolution of domain ontology, an ontology alignment mechanism is designed to automatic extend and replace of ontology concept. This mechanism achieves the integration of different keywords with the same meaning and ensures the consistency of ontology concept. In this paper, the method not only enables efficient service discovery and dynamic service management, but also can achieve high concurrency support of services and supply or billing on demand. The experiments show that the proposed method solves the search problem of low efficiency based on keyword, and it effectively improves the precision ratio and recall ratio of service discovery.

A Web Service Discovery and Composition Method Based on Service Classes

A Web Service Discovery and Composition Method Based on Service Classes

A QoS-assured Trust-driven Semantic Web Service Discovery Method

It have become very difficult that users can find the best, credible web service for some proposed semantic web service discovery methods, because web service environment has become open, autonomic, dynamic, and deceptive. This paper proposes a QoS-assured trust-driven semantic web service discovery method i.e. TDSWSD. This method, firstly, describes and labels web services by ontology technology, and then makes use of the existing keyword matching method to carry basic matching; secondly, function matching will be done by ontology-based concept semantic similarity calculation method; finally, QoS-assured trust measure method will be designed to carry credible QoS matching. Compared with existing methods, the experimental results show that this method can not only automatically find the service to meet user’ requirements, but also ensure the validity and reliability of service discovery.

LWSDM: Layered Web Service Discovery Mechanism

The boom of Service oriented architecture is on substantial rise. SOA developers orchestrate individual SOA objects into web services. It has been a dream of software engineers to promote and innovate the concept of software reusability. Providing and using services dynamically over web is increasingly becoming times demand towards promoting software reuse in real sense. Probably the most important aspect in dynamic web service access is the web service discovery. Many approaches and frameworks have been proposed to discover web services. Some of the approaches assume that the requests are placed in SOAP compatible formats whereas some works are based on handling the plain text queries by their semantics while others focus on key word based query processing. The challenge remains to address the issue of handling request queries and presenting a set of suitable services to the service requester. We use the principle of compositionality to analyze and parse the request query. We have used a lightweight NLP approach by parsing the request query into constituent parts of speech wherein the verbs are used to derive the interface names and the set of identified interface names are analyzed against the nouns and adjectives for their appropriateness. This paper tries to propose a Layered architecture that the organizes the method of web service discovery in an efficient and structured manner using a intermediary called the Request Analyzer between the service provider and service requester via a service broker. We describe how the RA will be facilitating the processing of a plain text request query to finally being resolved to a most appropriate web service. We propose an algorithm for a complete cycle of web-service discovery. We describe a cache based service broker approach for less time-consuming service discovery path. We also incorporate a mechanism for keeping track of the trustworthiness of a web service being used and hence ensuring the authenticity for future use.

An Efficient Web Service Discovery Architecture

There is been a continuous effort by the software developers to reduce cost and time to deliver the software and this has led to the advancements in service oriented paradigm. Organizations across all spectra have already deployed their main operations to the Web, which has brought about a fast growth of various Web services. This has dramatically increased the need to build a fundamental infrastructure for efficient deployment and access of the exponentially growing repository of Web services. Probably the most important aspect in dynamic web service access is the web service discovery. The challenge remains in handling and processing request queries and presenting the requester the most appropriate set of web service interfaces. Many approaches and frameworks have been proposed to discover web services. Some of the approaches assume that the requests are placed in SOAP compatible formats whereas some works are based on handling the plain text queries by their semantics while others focus on key word based query processing. We have tried to formulate an approach that uses the Principle of Compositionality of language to derive interface descriptions and aggregate or filter for their appropriateness. Going by lexical and syntactic structure of a language, a skeletally parsed corpus of a written piece of text has been used to resolve the plain text query. This paper also tries to propose an architecture based on x-SOA that the organizes the method of web service discovery in an efficient and structured manner using a intermediary, requester friendly layer called the Request Analyzer(abbreviated as RA) between the service provider and service requester via a service broker. We describe how the RA facilitates the processing of a plain text request query to finally being resolved to a most appropriate web service. We propose an algorithm for a complete cycle of web-service discovery. A cache based service broker approach has been proposed that consumes even lesser time towards discovery path. A reputation based mechanism has also been incorporated for keeping track of the trustworthiness and type of license of a web service being used and hence ensuring the authenticity for future use in terms of their past performances.

A Semantic Web Service Discovery Method Based on Ontology

Many methods have been used such as UDDI and DWS to discovery requested web services. But they are just a kind of simple syntax match based on keywords and have a low ratio and precision. This paper proposes A Semantic Web Service Discovery Method Based on Ontology. It uses tree-form data structure to describe the web services and give all the nodes a weight value by certain strategy, then compute the semantic similarity between the web services requested and the services registered. To validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm, we construct a self-developed prototype system to show how well it works. The experiments prove that this algorithm has high recall and precision than other methods.

Exploration of semantic Web service discovery based on QoS

Quality of Service(QoS) was introduced into semantic Web service in this paper.The authors analyzed the description of QoS ontology and the method of Web service discovery and the method of semantic Web service discovery,and established a general QoS model.Parameters of this model can measure almost all Web services.A semantic Web service discovery frame based on QoS was proposed.In the frame we firstly discover Web service by function,then evaluate the discovery Web service above based on QoS model,and lastly find out the best one.At the end of this paper,we established semantic ontology and QoS ontology with an instance.

A Method for Semantic Web Service Discovery Based on Context Inference

Constrained by the context around user, the service discovery result mostly does not fulfill the context expectation of user′s when we apply traditional semantic Web service discovery method. An approach for Web service discovery based on context and inference rules is proposed in the paper. The result of Web service discovery will fulfill the user′s context in this way. The user context ontology and Web service context ontology are proposed respectively to describe context information. And the inference meta-rules between user context and service context are proposed as the foundation to refine results of Web service discovery. The context inference algorithm is proposed and implemented in the context inference module finally. Comparing to existing approach for semantic Web service discovery, it is proved by the experiment that the more appropriate result of Web service discovery will be obtained for the user while reasonable time cost is added.

A Method of Web Service Discovery based on Semantic Message Bipartite Matching for Remote Medical System

The number of Web services are growing at an explosive speed, which brings great challenges to the accurate, efficient and automatic retrieval of target services for users. This paper presents a service discovery method with semantic matchmaking which could be used in remote medical systems. Adding ontology related semantic annotations to service interfaces is considered, and a method of service discovery based on bipartite matching of semantic message similarity is proposed. The method is easy to implement because it is not limited to specific service model. It also contributes to the improvement of service discovery efficiency when service is retrieved in an automatic way.

A Method of Web Service Discovery Based on Functional Semantics

A Method of Web Service Discovery Based on Functional Semantics