Web Engineering Research Articles

Paradigm Shift in Adaptive Cyber Defense for Securing the Web Data: The Future Ahead

Web Applications are becoming more sophisticated to cater the ever-growing demand of data processing and computing. Fast technological advancements in web engineering not only facilitate data intensive and high-performance computing, but also raise serious concerns on security. Cyber threats are also ramping up at the equal pace and attackers are now more organised and equipped with high-end servers. The Data over Web needs to be more authenticated and reliable. Data Provenance-aware methods are capable of identification of data breaches and manipulation through various attacks. They analyse underlying data for the potential threats to ensure protection against various attacks. Cyber Security Practitioners are witnessing severe issues in securing the Web Data and applications as the security risks are growing rapidly due to the sudden eruption in internet usage due to the pandemic in the last few years. People and organisations are relying more on Internet and web applications than ever before. The efforts for securing the web data on such a massive scale is premature to counter the ever-evolving attack attempts. Nature-inspired Cyber Security (NICS) facilitates the development and implementation of robust defensive mechanisms which are more adaptive and highly tolerant to online malicious programs. These methods are also capable of dealing with the common algorithmic issues like incompleteness and uncertainty of information and to provide a high-level security mechanism by effectively implementing the bio-inspired methodologies like deception, and camouflage etc. This article will attempt to explore the effectiveness of NICS in web data and application security to provide smart security methods.

Automatic Evaluation and Comparison of Pub/Sub Systems Performance Improvements

Event-driven architectures are becoming more prevalent recently in multiple technological paradigms, especially in web applications, with message brokers being the cornerstone of these architectures. One of the most relevant implementations of these message brokers are content-based publish/subscribe systems. The performance of these systems is a critical factor for web engineering, since the web applications they support need to be reactive despite increases and fluctuations in workloads. However, an obstacle to the research of these systems is the lack of real and publicly available workloads, due to the privacy issue involved in disclosing the interests (subscriptions) of users and other commercial interests of the companies. In this paper we present a parameterizable automated system designed to syntactically translate workloads from different content-based publish/subscribe systems as a means to increase the availability of public workloads to solve the aforementioned problem. As a case study, we describe the evolution of a context-aware content-based publish/subscribe system (i.e. E-SilboPS) designed by the authors, which improves up to 5 times the performance of its previous version by reaching the maximum throughput limited by the physical resources of the hardware where it is deployed, as demonstrated by the conducted quantitative evaluation. Then, we validate the utility of the proposed automated workload generation system by using it to make the performance comparison between this new version E-SilboPS and one of the most cited publish/subscribe systems called PADRES, through a real trace of a massively multiplayer online game (MMOG) generated by the latter.

Human papillomavirus vaccine communication materials for young people in English-speaking countries: A content analysis.

Objective:To undertake a content analysis of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine communication materials available to young people.Design:Content analysis.Setting:Majority English-speaking countries.Methods:Between March and April 2020, a web engine was utilised to search for and retrieve relevant communication materials. Content analysis was used to describe how the following key issues were covered: (1) side effects, (2) safety, (3) practicalities related to receiving the HPV vaccine and (4) gender-specific information.Results:A total of 44 separate communication materials were retrieved, predominantly videos, webpages and leaflets. There was a focus on mild side effects of the vaccine (43.2%), with less frequent reference being made to moderate or serious side effects (22.7%). Reassurance concerning the safety profile of vaccine was communicated by referencing the widespread use of the HPV vaccine (31.8%). Information regarding formal criteria for entry into the vaccination programme emphasised country-specific eligibility criteria (59.1%), the setting in which vaccination was offered (38.6%) and the number of doses required (38.6%). Content intended to improve young people’s experiences of receiving the HPV vaccine was less often provided (22.7%). Gender-specific content usually related to specific HPV-related diseases (52.3%) and/or the availability of cervical cancer screening programmes (52.3%).Conclusion:A variety of different communication tools were retrieved encompassing a wide variety of formats and content, reflective of different vaccination programmes and the varied priorities of organisations producing the materials. Findings will inform the co-production of a tailored educational package to improve access to information by populations of young people identified as having lower HPV vaccine uptake.

The Prospective Effects of Climate Change on Neglected Tropical Diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a Review.

An increase in the annual daily temperature is documented and predicted to occur in the coming decades. Climate change has a direct effect and adverse impact on human health, as well as on multiple ecosystems and their species. The purpose of this paper is to review the effect of climate change on neglected tropical diseases including leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, and lymphatic filariasis in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). A list of engine web searches was done; 280 full-text records were assessed for eligibility. Only 48 original records were included within the final selection for the review study. Most research results show an alteration of neglected diseases related to climate change influencing specifically the Eastern Mediterranean Region, in addition to the expectation of more effects at the level of vectors and reservoir whether its vector transmission route or its egg hatching and replication or even the survival of adult worms in the coming years. At the same time, not all articles related to the region interpret the direct or indirect effect of climate variations on these specific diseases. Although few studies were found describing some of climate change effects on neglected tropical diseases in the region, still, the region lacks research funding, technical, and mathematical model expertise regarding the direct effect of climate change on the ecosystems of these neglected tropical diseases.

Applying Spring Security Framework with KeyCloak-Based OAuth2 to Protect Microservice Architecture APIs: A Case Study.

In this study, we implemented an integrated security solution with Spring Security and Keycloak open-access platform (SSK) to secure data collection and exchange over microservice architecture application programming interfaces (APIs). The adopted solution implemented the following security features: open authorization, multi-factor authentication, identity brokering, and user management to safeguard microservice APIs. Then, we extended the security solution with a virtual private network (VPN), Blowfish and crypt (Bcrypt) hash, encryption method, API key, network firewall, and secure socket layer (SSL) to build up a digital infrastructure. To accomplish and describe the adopted SSK solution, we utilized a web engineering security method. As a case study, we designed and developed an electronic health coaching (eCoach) prototype system and hosted the system in the expanded digital secure infrastructure to collect and exchange personal health data over microservice APIs. We further described our adopted security solution’s procedural, technical, and practical considerations. We validated our SSK solution implementation by theoretical evaluation and experimental testing. We have compared the test outcomes with related studies qualitatively to determine the efficacy of the hybrid security solution in digital infrastructure. The SSK implementation and configuration in the eCoach prototype system has effectively secured its microservice APIs from an attack in all the considered scenarios with 100% accuracy. The developed digital infrastructure with SSK solution efficiently sustained a load of (≈)300 concurrent users. In addition, we have performed a qualitative comparison among the following security solutions: Spring-based security, Keycloak-based security, and their combination (our utilized hybrid security solution), where SSK showed a promising outcome.

SFTSDH: Applying Spring Security Framework With TSD-Based OAuth2 to Protect Microservice Architecture APIs

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) combines medical devices and applications that use network technologies to connect healthcare information systems (HIS). IoMT is reforming the medical industry by adopting information and communication technologies (ICTs). Identity verification, secure collection, and exchange of medical data are essential in health applications. In this study, we implemented a hybrid security solution to secure the collection and management of personal health data using Spring Framework (SF), Services for Sensitive Data (TSD) as a service platform, and Hyper-Text-Transfer-Protocol (HTTP (H)) security methods. The adopted solution (SFTSDH = SF + TSD + H) instigated the following security features: identity brokering, OAuth2, multifactor authentication, and access control to protect the Microservices Architecture Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), following the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Moreover, we extended the adopted security solution to develop a digital infrastructure to facilitate the research and innovation work in the electronic health (eHealth) section, focusing on solution validation with theoretical evaluation and experimental testing. We used a web engineering security methodology to achieve and explain the adopted security solution. As a case study, we designed and implemented electronic coaching (eCoaching) prototype system and deployed the same in the developed infrastructure to securely record and share personal health data. Furthermore, we compared the test results with related studies qualitatively for the efficient evaluation of the implemented security solution. The SFTSDH implementation and configuration in the prototype system have effectively secured the eCoach APIs from an attack in all the considered scenarios. The eCoach prototype with the SFTSDH solution effectively sustained a load of (≈) 1000 concurrent users in the developed digital health infrastructure. In addition, we performed a qualitative comparison among the following security solutions: SF security, third-party security, and SFTSDH, where SFTSDH showed a promising outcome.

Smells Like Simile: Olfactory Expressions and their Figurative Potential in the Bosnian Language

This paper analyzes expressions that use the olfactory domain as a figurative source in the Bosnian language. Authentic texts retrieved from the Sketch Engine web application were used as the corpus for the study. The web corpus includes blogs, news portals, and other web pages that use olfactory expressions either in the main text or in the respective comment sections. Two basic smell expressions were found to have the greatest figurative potential and therefore examined in this study. The results of the two basic smell expressions indicate that they are mainly used figuratively with simile being the main focus. Another finding is that olfactory expressions are used for anticipatory purposes.

Options for Selecting and Applying Accounting Policies in Assessing Financial Position and Performance

In writing this article, we noted that accounting policies can influence the size of the outcome, as it derives from the various valuation and calculation methods provided by national accounting regulations. Different financial outcomes result from an entity’s choosing of one approach over another. The research entails objective observation in order to gain a better understanding of the provisions of the accounting regulatory framework governing the selection and application of accounting policies for fixed assets and inventories. The descriptive method, which included elements of comparison, analysis, and deduction, was preferred in rendering the material. As an indirect research technique, the study of provisions of national accounting legislation was employed, and the search engine Web of Science was used according to various selection criteria to determine the performance of scientific research at the international level. The research results can be used both in the practice of entities and for teaching purposes.

A Comparative study of SQL Databases and NoSQL Databases for E-Commerce

Abstract: With the advent of E-Commerce, businesses persistently examine various ways to improvise and accomplish their demands with web engineering that provide notable resolution. The progress in economic status demands colossal databases that store the data efficiently. The databases currently used are relational or non-relational. Both these types have their benefits and limitations that influence the overall processing of data. Non-relational databases are referred to as NoSQL-not only SQL, and Relational databases are known as SQL-Structured Query Language. It has been suggested in many studies that NoSQL databases surpass SQL databases. Our paper aims to evaluate these claims by analyzing the CRUD [Create, Read, Update, Delete] operations executed by both database types. Keywords: NoSQL, SQL, Non-relational Databases, MySQL, E-Commerce, MongoDb , Relational Databases

Web Engineering to Develop Service Systems in Online Bookstores

Penggunaan teknologi informasi berbasis perangkat lunak telah menjadi tren dan kebutuhan inti di berbagai bidang, terutama di bidang administrasi dan transaksional. Terutama dalam bisnis berbasis online. Dalam proses pengenalan produk, distribusi, dan pemasaran melakukan secara online. Dengan web engineering yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan akan membantu kelangsungan bisnis. Saat ini, transaksi Toko Buku ABC di Yogyakarta hanya terjadi di toko secara langsung. Masih ada sedikit pembeli di luar area karena terbatasnya akses ke pembelian, yang mengharuskan mereka untuk datang langsung ke toko. Untuk alasan ini, perlu untuk mengembangkan sistem berbasis web untuk meningkatkan dan meningkatkan layanan tanpa memandang jarak. Dengan cara ini, pembeli tidak perlu datang langsung ke toko. Tahapan penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan sistematis dan berurutan terhadap pengembangan perangkat lunak atau sistem yang akan dibangun. Termasuk spesifikasi persyaratan, perencanaan, pemodelan, konstruksi, dan pengiriman sistem. Sebagai hasil dari rekayasa jaringan, pembeli dapat melihat pengumpulan data, memesan inventaris, dan bertransaksi (membeli buku) di toko tanpa harus langsung ke toko. Permudah admin untuk mengelola produk buku yang dijual dan memantau transaksi penjualan buku.

Sistem Pakar Diagnosis Penyakit Ayam Broiler Berbasis Web

Mr. Jumaldi Jani, SP., MM Broiler Chicken Farm is a chicken farm that was founded in 2013. In carrying out its business processes, handling of raising and developing poultry is only handled by one person who is taken as the farm supervisor. This is very ineffective in handling diseases that attack chickens because the knowledge of the maintenance and handling of chickens that have disease is only owned by one person. The purpose of this study is to create a Web-Based Chicken Disease Diagnosis Expert System, which can be accessed easily, quickly, economically, can be done anytime or anywhere without knowing the distance and time. The method used in this research is web engineering which has stages: customer communication, planning, modeling, construction and deployment. The establishment of a Web-Based Broiler Chicken Disease Diagnosis Expert System is expected to facilitate the public about conducting consultations on Broiler chicken disease easily, quickly, and economically, it can be done anytime and anywhere without looking for distance and time.

Sistem Informasi Webstore Online Pada Toko DK Corner Menggunakan Metode Web Design Responsive Bootstrap

Toko DK Corner is a trading company that specializes in selling women's daily fashion needs. Currently, the DK Corner Store records more than thousands of sales transactions every year, thus requiring the company to be able to provide ordering services for consumers to support better sales and service transactions and of course increase sales profits. The system development method used in system development is Web Engineering. To implement this sales and ordering information system, supporting components are needed in order to work properly. These components include using the PHP programming language (Personal Homepage), Bootstrap Framework and "for data storage using a MySQL database". "The design of this system is expected to help and overcome existing problems so that it can be useful for interested parties". The purpose of this research is expected with the information system is expected to make it easier for companies to promote the products on offer and make it easier to make online sales transactions so that they can be done anytime and safely, and can increase sales.

Knowledge Based Deep Inception Model for Web Page Classification

Web Page Classification is decisive for information retrieval and management task and plays an imperative role for natural language processing (NLP) problems in web engineering. Traditional machine learning algorithms excerpt covet features from web pages whereas deep leaning algorithms crave features as the network goes deeper. Pre-trained models such as BERT attains remarkable achievement for text classification and continue to show state-ofthe-art results. Knowledge Graphs can provide rich structured factual information for better language modelling and representation. In this study, we proposed an ensemble Knowledge Based Deep Inception (KBDI) approachfor web page classification by learning bidirectional contextual representation using pre-trained BERT incorporating Knowledge Graph embeddings and fine-tune the target task by applying Deep Inception network utilizing parallel multi-scale semantics. Proposed ensemble evaluates the efficacy of fusing domain specific knowledge embeddings with the pre-trained BERT model. Experimental interpretation exhibit that the proposed BERT fused KBDI model outperforms benchmark baselines and achieve better performance in contrast to other conventional approaches evaluated on web page classification datasets.

Food web engineering: ecology and evolution to improve biological pest control.

If we are to sustainably provide food to a rapidly growing human population, biological pest control (BPC) should integrate food web theory and evolution. This will account for the impacts of climate warming on the complex community settings of agroecosystems. We review recent studies looking for top-down augmentative pest control being hampered/promoted by biotic (community contexts) and/or abiotic (climate) drivers. Most studies found either positive or neutral effects on BPC. However, most ignored potential evolutionary responses occurring in the environments under study. We propose engineering food webs by engaging in a continuous feedback between ecological and evolutionary data, and individual-based modelling of agroecosystems. This should speed up the procurement of strains of efficient natural enemies better adapted to warming.

Identification of Novel Gene Signatures using Next-Generation Sequencing Data from COVID-19 Infection Models: Focus on Neuro-COVID and Potential Therapeutics.

SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and belongs to the family Coronaviridae that causes sickness varying from the common cold to more severe illnesses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome, sudden stroke, neurological complications (Neuro-COVID), multiple organ failure, and mortality in some patients. The gene expression profiles of COVID-19 infection models can be used to decipher potential therapeutics for COVID-19 and related pathologies, such as Neuro-COVID. Here, we used the raw RNA-seq reads (Single-End) in quadruplicates derived using Illumina Next Seq 500 from SARS-CoV-infected primary human bronchial epithelium (NHBE) and mock-treated NHBE cells obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) (GSE147507), and the quality control (QC) was evaluated using the CLC Genomics Workbench 20.0 (Qiagen, United States) before the RNA-seq analysis using BioJupies web tool and iPathwayGuide for gene ontologies (GO), pathways, upstream regulator genes, small molecules, and natural products. Additionally, single-cell transcriptomics data (GSE163005) of meta clusters of immune cells from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), such as T-cells/natural killer cells (NK) (TcMeta), dendritic cells (DCMeta), and monocytes/granulocyte (monoMeta) cell types for comparison, namely, Neuro-COVID versus idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), were analyzed using iPathwayGuide. L1000 fireworks display (L1000FWD) and L1000 characteristic direction signature search engine (L1000 CDS2) web tools were used to uncover the small molecules that could potentially reverse the COVID-19 and Neuro-COVID-associated gene signatures. We uncovered small molecules such as camptothecin, importazole, and withaferin A, which can potentially reverse COVID-19 associated gene signatures. In addition, withaferin A, trichostatin A, narciclasine, camptothecin, and JQ1 have the potential to reverse Neuro-COVID gene signatures. Furthermore, the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) preranked method and Metascape web tool were used to decipher and annotate the gene signatures that were potentially reversed by these small molecules. In conclusion, our study unravels a rapid approach for applying next-generation knowledge discovery (NGKD) platforms to discover small molecules with therapeutic potential against COVID-19 and its related disease pathologies.

Developing e-Commerce of Unique Indonesian Souvenirs with Web Engineering

E-Commerce Unique Regional Souvenirs in Indonesia is a buying and selling application made to make it easier for tourists to find a place or location for typical regional gifts and make it easier for tourists to order souvenirs during a pandemic like now, as well as a means for traveler's local souvenir sellers to promote their products online. Making regional e-commerce specialties in Indonesia uses the Web Engineering paradigm and system modeling with UML (unified modeling language) with business cases, activities, use cases, and class diagrams. At the same time, the database management software uses MySQL with the PHP programming language and the Laravel Framework. The system design is expected to make it easier for people to find local souvenirs based on the place or location of souvenir merchants and local souvenir sellers to promote their products online

AI IN SUPPORT TO WATER QUALITY MONITORING

Abstract. This study explores the possibility of using Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a means to support water monitoring. More precisely, it addresses the issue of the quality and reliability of Citizen Science data. The paper addresses the tools and data of the SIMILE (Informative System for the Integrated Monitoring of Insubric Lakes and their Ecosystems) project in order to develop an open pre-filtering system for Volunteer Geographic Information (VGI) of lake water monitoring at the global scale. The goal is to automatically determine the presence of harmful phenomena (algae and foams) in the images uploaded by citizen scientists to reduce the time required for a manual check of the contributions. The task is challenging because of the heterogeneity of the data that consist in geotagged pictures taken without specific instructions. For this purpose, different tools and deep learning techniques have been tested (Clarifai platform, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and an object detection algorithm called faster Region-based CNN (R-CNN). The original dataset composed by the observations of SIMILE – Lake Monitoring application, has been integrated with the results of both keyword and image searches on web engines (Google, Bing, etc) and crawling Flickr data. The performances of the different algorithms are presented for their capability of detecting the presence and correctly labelling the phenomenon together with some possible strategies to improving them in the future.

IMPLEMENTASI WEB ENGINEERING METHOD PENGELOLAAN PENDISTRIBUSIAN OBAT GUDANG FARMASI DINAS KESEHATAN PAGAR ALAM

This study aims to design and implement a web-based drug distribution management that can help pharmacy warehouse employees manage drug data and also facilitate the preparation of drug distribution reports. Based on the results of observations and interviews at the pharmacy warehouse, data management is still done manually and has weaknesses, including the problem of ease, speed and accuracy. Management is still done using the Microsoft Office word and excel applications. The system development method used in designing drug distribution management is the Web Engineering method (Customer Communication, Planning, Modeling, Construction, Deployment). Meanwhile, the supporting tools or applications used to design and implement the management of drug distribution are Axure and UML (Unified Modeling Language). The programming language uses HTML, PHP, MySQL database and Farmework codeigniter and system testing uses the Blackbox Testing method with valid or not valid test results. The results of this study are a drug distribution management system at the pharmacy warehouse of the Pagar Alam City Health Service so that it can be used by pharmacy warehouse officers and 7 Puskesmas.

PEMANFAATAN FRAMEWORK CODEIGNITER UNTUK MEMBANGUN APLIKASI DISPLAY PRODUK DI ALFAMART RAJABASA

Untuk mempengaruhi konsumen, barang dagangan yang disediakan toko hendaknya di display atau ditata sedemikian rupa, sehingga tampak rapi dan menarik. Dalam proses menata barang di perlukan keahlian khusus, agar tidak hanya konsumen saja yang mudah mengambil atau memilih barang,tetapi juga agar perusahaan mudah dalam mengontrol keamanan barang seperti mudah pecah dan mahal. Untuk itu dirancang suatu sistem yang bertujuan mempercepat display barang sesuai sengan urutan yang benar,menggunakan metode Web Enginering, metodologi ini didasarkan pada metodologi sebelumnya ditemukan dalam literature untuk menciptakan proses terstruktur untuk masalah dari Sistem Informasi Display Barang berbasis web. Pemanfaatan Framewok CodeIgniter yang mudah digunakan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah aplikasi display berbasis web yang mempermudah dalam melakukan pemajangan produk yang tepat sesuai tempat dan urutannya pada Alfamart Rajabasa Bandar Lampung,dan menghasilkan laporan pemenuhan stok di rak yang akurat dan tepat waktu

Analisis Penerimaan Aplikasi Web Engineering Pelayanan Pengaduan Masyarakat Menggunakan Technology Acceptance Model

P2TP2A-LIP adalah lembaga layanan perempuan dan anak yang dirancang untuk memenuhi informasi dan kebutuhan di bidang pendidikan, kesehatan, ekonomi, politik, hukum, perlindungan dan pencegahan kekerasan terhadap perempuan dan anak serta perdagangan manusia. Sebagai salah satu sarana pelayanan publik, P2TP2A belum menerapkan teknologi informasi untuk memberikan pelayanan, yaitu pengelolaan pengaduan masyarakat, pengelolaan informasi, pelayanan konsultasi, dan penguluhan kepada masyarakat. Sistem pada P2TP2A sebelumnya masih bersifat konvensional dalam proses pengelolaan pengaduan masyarakat, maka perlu diketahui seberapa besar penerimaan sistem baru berbasis teknologi informasi pada masyarakat dan pegawai di P2TP2A dalam menggunakan aplikasi web engineering agar dapat berfungsi secara maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerimaan aplikasi web engineering pelayanan pengaduan masyarakat menggunakan pendekatan TAM. Pada pendekatan technology acceptance model (TAM) terdapat beberapa faktor yang dinilai yaitu persepsi kegunaan dan persepsi kemudahan penggunaan yang didapat dari hasil kuesioner yang diberikan ke responden. Hasil dari penelitian ini akan menunjukkan faktor yang mempengaruhi penerimaan serta bagaimana penerimaan masyarakat terhadap aplikasi web engineering pelayanan pengaduan masyarakat pada P2TP2A.