Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools Research Articles

국내 미술관 사이트의 웹 접근성 평가

Museums have recently been expanding their roles as education providers to use websites to provide a variety of information and services including educational programs. In order to better perform their roles as education providers, it is important for museums to commit themselves to making their websites accessible and easy for everyone to use, in compliance with web accessibility. 20 of museum websites were chosen to study the state of web accessibility of domestic museum websites, and were evaluated by using an automated web accessibility evaluation tool called the K-WAH 4.4. And then, we analyze the compliance rates of web accessibility based on 6 Requirements in the KWCAG 2.1. As a Result, only two museums satisfy the compliance rates on 6 Requirements and national & public museums are higher than private museums in compliance rates. So, to improve web accessibility, we comply with accessibility guidelines and design web contents. After witch we should improve web accessibility by modifying insufficient requirements immediately through periodical evaluations.

Library Web sites for people with disability: accessibility evaluation of library websites in Pakistan

Purpose – This study aims to assess the accessibility of library Web sites of top ten universities of Pakistan. The study also explores commonly identifies accessibility barriers in the subject Web sites. Accessibility analysis of library Web sites has been conducted using Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool (WAET) to examine compliance of the library Web site with Web Content Accessibility Guideline 2.0. The study also attempts to rank each Web site according to number of quality issues identified. Based on literature review, the study also proposes a framework to conduct Web accessibility evaluation of library Web sites. Web accessibility encompasses all disabilities that affect access to the Web, including visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive and aging (old-age). Design/methodology/approach – This study examines accessibility of subject Web sites using automated accessibility evaluation tool based on Library Web site Accessibility Evaluation Framework (LWAEF). Commercial WAET SortSite® was used to assess accessibility issues in library Web sites. The tool was also tested to validate components of the LWAEF. Findings – Result shows that 70 per cent of library Web sites do comply with World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standards. It means that compliance to essential guidelines of priority A level of WCAG 2.0 are finely met by 70 per cent library Web sites of Pakistan. However, important accessibility issues still exist in the subject Web sites. Moreover, in terms of accessibility issues, overall quality of university library Web sites in Pakistan is in better condition. Originality/value – Equal access to information by all citizens is an important UN charter supported by all developing countries. Assessing the needs of all citizens has been of great importance and value to developing countries like Pakistan, with 19.2 per cent population consisting of disabled people. The paper presents the overall status of accessibility to information and is conducted to focus the library Web sites of Pakistan for the first time. Focusing the library Web sites for accessibility evaluation, this research study will help improve accessibility elements of library Web sites in other developing countries also.

공공도서관 모바일 웹 서비스 접근성 평가에 관한 연구

이 연구에서는 모바일 웹 서비스를 제공하는 공공도서관을 대상으로 국제 웹 표준 기구 W3C에서 만든 웹 접근성 평가도구인 모바일OK 검사를 실시하여 공공도서관 모바일 웹 서비스의 웹 접근성을 평가하였다. 모바일OK 검사 실시가 가능한 81개 공공도서관에 대해 모바일OK 검사를 실시하고 W3C에서 제정한 모바일 웹 모범사례를 바탕으로 이를 분석하였다. 분석된 결과를 바탕으로 공공도서관 모바일 웹 서비스 확대 및 개선을 위하여 지방자치단체와 지방교육청의 정책적 지원, 웹 표준에 맞는 모바일 웹 서비스 설계, 웹 설계 과정에서 유해요소 제거, 가벼운 모바일 웹 문서 제작, 분산되어 연결된 여러 개별 파일들의 합병 등의 방안을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study was to conduct the mobile OK test which means the web accessibility evaluation tool and to evaluate the public libraries' mobile web services. For this purpose, 81 public libraries were tested and analysed in Mobile Web Best Practices presented by W3C. The results of this study indicate the following several strategies: Support by local governments and provincial education offices, Design mobile web services corresponding with web standards, Removal of harmful elements in the web design process, Making simple mobile web documents, A merger of individual files. The findings of this study expect to expand and improve the public library mobile web services for future.

요약파싱기법을 사용한 웹 접근성의 정적 분석

Web-accessibility evaluation tools can be used to determine whether or not a website meets accessibility guidelines. As such, many such tools have been developed for web accessibility, but most of them dynamically fetch and analyze pages and as a result, some pages maybe omitted due to the lack of access authorization or environment information. In this paper, we propose a static method that analyzes web accessibility via abstract parsing. Our abstract parsing technique understands syntactic and semantic program structures that dynamically generate web pages according to external inputs and parameters. The static method performs its analysis without omitting any pages because it covers all execution paths. We performed an experiment with a PHP-based website to demonstrate how our tool discovers more accessibility errors than a dynamic page accessibility analysis tool.

Improving Web Accessibility for Visually Impaired with Open Source Browser Extension

Web accessibility means that people with disabilities can use the web. Web accessibility also benefits others including older people, and people in the rural areas. Currently, most websites have accessibility barriers that make it difficult or impossible for many people with disabilities to use the web. The Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) was launched as an effort to improve the accessibility of the World Wide Web for people with disabilities. One of the roles of WAI is to develop guidelines and techniques that describe accessibility solutions for web software and web developers. A website optimized for accessibility will benefit everyone and worth investment as it gains a distinct competitive advantage and adds real value to the global community. This article presents the implementation of Firefox browser extension to adjust the HTML pages of existing web applications based on the recommendation of Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0. The HTML adjustment is processed with two major steps, starting with the evaluation of HTML tags against the checkpoints defined as XPath 2.0 rules. In case the HTML element is nonconformance to WCAG 2.0, its location will then be returned to JavaScript for adjustments using the fixing rule satisfying the WCAG 2.0 success criteria. Examples of web accessibility adjustments are demonstrated. The browser extension is assessed compared to a web accessibility evaluation tool, for the correctness of identifying accessibility barriers.

Handicapped Persons and Internet: Comparing Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools

Web accessibility should be guaranteed regardless of disability in current information society. Automatic tools are needed to evaluate a huge number of web sites. Five pre-developed web accessibility evaluation tools are selected and experimenting results are compared and analyzed in this paper. The research results will be very helpful for users who are selecting a web accessibility evaluation tool.

The Comparative Analysis of Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools by Evaluating Image Contents on the Web Pages

The Comparative Analysis of Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools by Evaluating Image Contents on the Web Pages

ATG Special Report -- Website Accessibility of Public Senior Institutions in South Carolina

This study investigates Website accessibility of university home pages in the public senior institutions in the state of South Carolina. The reasons for performing the study are twofold: first, to find the common accessibility problems among the institutions. Second, to find which institution has the highest number of accessibility problems. Thirteen universities were selected to be analyzed by Cynthia Says and Section 508 Accessibility Checking Tool. Each university home page was analyzed by each Web accessibility evaluation tool. The mean for both Cynthia Says and Section 508 Accessibility Checking Tool was 4.15 and the standard deviation of 9.71 and 12.03 respectively. However, Cynthia Says found 4 out of 13 Websites free of accessibility errors while Section 508 Accessibility Checking Tool found 8 Websites free of accessibility errors. The findings suggest that the different evaluation processes contributed to the difference in the number of university home pages free of accessibility errors. WebEval was used to evaluate the accessibility quality of the significant images. Out of 195 total images, 144 (74%) are significant images. Significant images with alt text was 114 (58%) of 195 total images. Challenges remain for university Web designers to provide university home pages completely free of accessibility errors. It is hoped that this study can provide insights for individuals developing university home pages.

Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools: A Survey and Some Improvements

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) from W3C consist of a set of 65 checkpoints or specifications that Web pages should accomplish in order to be accessible to people with disabilities or using alternative browsers. Many of these 65 checkpoints can only be checked by a human operator, thus implying a very high cost for full evaluation. However, some checkpoints can be automatically evaluated, thus spotting accessibility barriers in a very effective manner. Well known tools like Bobby, Tawdis or WebXACT evaluate Web accessibility by using a mixture of automated, manual and semiautomated evaluations. However, the automation degree of these Web evaluations is not the same for each of these tools. Since WCAG are not written in a formalized manner, these evaluators may have different “interpretations” of what these rules mean. As a result, different evaluation results might be obtained for a single page depending on which evaluation tool is being used.Taking into account that a fully automated Web accessibility evaluation is not feasible because of the nature of WCAG, this paper evaluates the WCAG automation coverage of some well known Web accessibility evaluation tools spotting their weaknesses and differences. We also provide a formalized specification for those checkpoints where these differences have been detected, thus challenging nowaday's tools for more automated coverage.

Assessing the accessibility of fifty United States government Web pages: Using Bobby to check on Uncle Sam

This study evaluates the current accessibility of U.S. Government Web pages for people with disabilities. Several Federal laws, and specifically Section 508 of the U.S. Rehabilitation Act, require Web pages of government agencies to be accessible to people with disabilities. This investigation built on past studies that used the Web accessibility evaluation tool Bobby to assess various types of Web sites. The home pages of fifty U.S. government agencies were reviewed for accessibility based on Section 508 guidelines. This study establishes that the U.S. government has not met its accessibility goals.