Wealth Of Nations Research Articles

Digital social innovation based on Big Data Analytics for health and well-being of society

BackgroundAny nation's health policy aims to properly care for its citizens and the society's quality of life. Since in the healthcare system, the population's health is the essential component of national wealth, health is treated as a public good and a social value. Therefore, in recent times, in addition to traditional instruments for promoting healthy lifestyles, health policy has increasingly turned to information instruments and digital technologies.AimsThe paper aims to recognize the role of Big Data Analytics (BDA) in developing Digital Social Innovation (DSI) in the healthcare field. The proposal of the author's Individual Health Plan Platform (IHPP) solution is presented as an example of Digital Social Innovation.Material and methodsThe research is based on a critical analysis of the literature, followed by a Focus Group study aimed at determining the potential of Big Data Analytics, including especially analysis based on data from wearables, to help manage one's health and improve the society's well-being. The focus research also included verification of the research model presented in the article and evaluation of the proposed solution, the Individual Health Plan Platform, including the possibilities of its implementation as a solution to complement healthcare provided by medical facilities in Poland.ResultsThe results of the focus group interviews show that analysing data from wearables and the proposed IHPP could be helpful in managing one's own health and helping to level important problems in healthcare.ConclusionOne of the goals of this paper was to determine the role of BDAs in the development of social innovations in healthcare. From the analysis of the literature, results of the focus group study and discussion, it was concluded that Big Data Analytics has the potential to develop social innovation in healthcare.

SUPPORT OF A HYPOTHESIS ABOUT OIL RESERVES IN BULGARIA

This study is an attempt to support the hypothesis of Prof. Vassil Vuchev for oil reserves in Bulgaria. He argues that there is a geographical zone of underground sources of oil, which begins in Indonesia, passed through the countries of the Middle East, and the Balkan countries – Bulgaria, and Romania, and reaches Norway. It can be expected that the territory of our country hides considerable reserves of this natural wealth. The study is performed by GIS techniques, Procrustes analysis and text mining. The results are in favor of Prof. Vuchev’s hypothesis.

Dampak Kerja Sama Jepang-Filipina Terhadap Keamanan Maritim Jepang

Japan and the Philippines are countries rich in history, culture, and natural wealth closely tied to the sea. Japan has engaged in maritime diplomacy with the Philippines in the realm of security. Maritime security cooperation between the two nations forms the foundation for collaboration in the management of marine resources, cultural exchanges, economics, and maritime security. The objective of this research is to examine the impacts that can result from Japan-Philippines cooperation on Japan's maritime security. This research employs a mixed-methodology to elucidate the scope and impacts stemming from Japan-Philippines cooperation on Japan's maritime security. The research findings demonstrate that the impact of Japan-Philippines cooperation on maritime security provides critical access and plays a vital role in strengthening regional security in the area. Success in achieving assured maritime security conditions has positive effects on Japan in various sectors, especially in the trade sector. This leads to an increase in trust and facilitates smooth trade activities in the maritime region due to guaranteed maritime security. This approach reflects Japan's commitment to being more proactive in upholding global maritime security and collaborating with its regional partners to achieve shared prosperity and peace in the region and the world.

Kontribusi IUCN dalam Mendukung Program Konservasi Alam di Taman Nasional Serengeti

Serengeti National Park, considered one of the most famous and significant wildlife reserves globally, where natural beauty and unparalleled scientific value converge, is experiencing a decline in habitat quality year after year. Despite the natural wealth within the Serengeti, various issues threaten wildlife species and habitats. These problems include the rapid growth of the human population, poverty, illegal hunting, and the drying up of the Mara River due to climate change. The international community has authorized the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to develop ideas for conservation efforts. The organization illustrates how biodiversity is fundamental in addressing some of the world’s most significant challenges, such as tackling climate change, achieving sustainable energy, improving human well-being, and building a green economy. The study aims to narrate the IUCN’s role in executing environmental protection processes, intending to ensure that environmental goals hold the same importance as social goals through sustainable development. This study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing provided facts to create a detailed account of an incident. Additionally, secondary data is incorporated, involving the use of existing information. The results indicate that, despite various actions taken by the IUCN, the organization has not maximally resolved issues in the Serengeti, and several problems are still ongoing.

Assessment of Salient Problems Associated with the Separation of Ownership and Control of Modern Cor-porations: Evaluation of Solutions and Their Effectiveness

This paper examines the salient problems related to the separation of ownership and control of modern corporations, as discussed in the books The Wealth of Nations and The Modern Corporation and Private Property. It qualitatively analyzes past empirical studies and evaluates the effectiveness of various solutions aimed at alleviating the separation between ownership and control. The analysis reveals that the agency relationship between shareholders and organizational managers underpins the phenomenon of ownership and control separation in modern companies. This separation offers several benefits, including ensuring business sustainability through professional management, efficient decision-making, and maximizing physical capital. Additionally, numerous mechanisms have proven effective in managing these issues. The paper explores management ownership and incentives, independent ownership, and institutional ownership as solutions that they have been found to reduce institutional problems and manage risk avoidance.

Multiple jeopardy, national wealth and perceived discrimination: Subjective health of intersecting minority groups across 28 countries

Objective: Belonging to social minority groups is detrimental for health outcomes, yet it is still unclear how multiple social minority statuses combine in their effect on health and whether perceived discrimination explains this link. Moreover, the moderating role of the societal context on the multiple social minority status-health link has never been tested. The current study employs a comprehensive conceptual framework to better understand the patterns of association between health outcomes and multiple social minority statuses. Methods and measures: Using data from the European Social Survey (N = 53,161 from 28 countries) and multi-level structural equation modelling, the study examines whether older age, female gender and ethnic minority status have additive, exacerbation or inurement effects on subjective health, whether perceived discrimination mediates these relations, and whether national wealth moderates the associations. Results: Old age and female gender, but not ethnicity, were related to adverse health outcomes, especially in poorer countries. Belonging to two, but not three, social minority groups exacerbated health outcomes. Perceived discrimination explained some of the (multiple) social minority status-health links, whereas an ethnicity-related health risk was fully mediated by perceived discrimination. Conclusion: Supporting the idea of intersectionality, different combinations of social minority statuses differ in health outcomes as well as the underlying mechanisms.

The morality of markets in theory and empirics

The academic conversation on the relationship of markets and morality is a longstanding one. While both the critics and defenders of markets acknowledge that markets can and do substantially and undeniably increase the material wealth of nations and improve people's lives materially, the dominant view within this academic debate and the social discourse around it is that markets can and often do corrupt the moral values of the people whose lives they touched. Interestingly, the topic has been underexplored empirically and it is possible to discuss the morality of markets quantitatively and qualitatively. In this article, we survey the quantitative economic literature on prosocial behavior as it relates to the market, its values, its actors and their interactions. While the evidence does not uniformly nor definitively tip the scale to a side of the debate, the bulk of the evidence suggests that markets, by and large, encourage prosocial attitudes and promote prosocial behavior.

Natural resource wealth in sub-Saharan Africa: A boon for public investment in renewable energy?

This paper examines the role of natural resource wealth in financing public investment in renewable energy in 25 sub-Saharan African countries over the period 1996 to 2019. Results from two step system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimates reveal that natural resource wealth negatively affects public investment in renewable energy. A distinction between the types of natural resources allowed to establish that this negative effect comes exclusively from the rents of point natural resources. Furthermore, the results show that institutional quality and human capital favor public investment in renewable energy. These results are robust when using the Driscoll-Kraay estimator. In terms of policy implications, it is imperative to promote good governance of natural resource rents, especially those from point source resources. It will also be necessary to redirect these rents towards the financing of structuring projects such as renewable energies in order to promote sustainable development.

REGIONAL STUDIES AS AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF PATRIOTIC EDUCATION FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

The article delves into the intricate realm of local history as an integral component of instilling patriotic values in elementary school children. It thoroughly explores the role and significance of immersing young learners in the study of their native land, emphasizing the broader context of fostering a sense of patriotism. The author scrutinizes how adopting a regional studies approach within the educational framework goes beyond imparting specific regional knowledge, becoming a catalyst for the development of a genuine patriotic sentiment towards oneʼs homeland. Advocating for the infusion of regional studies elements into educational programs, the article contends for the utilization of this approach during both regular lessons and extracurricular activities. A detailed analysis is presented, highlighting the positive repercussions of delving into oneʼs regional roots in cultivating a profound understanding and reverence for the history, culture, and natural wealth of the native land. Additionally, the article delves into the benefits of experiential learning within the context of regional studies. It explores how hands-on activities, field trips, and interactive projects can amplify the impact, making the educational process not only informative but also engaging and memorable for young learners. Furthermore, the article elucidates specific methods and pedagogical techniques designed to augment the efficacy of teaching regional studies to younger students. By offering these insights, the article serves as a valuable resource for teachers, educators, and parents, providing a comprehensive understanding of how the incorporation of regional studies into the educational milieu can significantly contribute to nurturing patriotic sentiments and fostering the well-rounded development of the younger generation. In conclusion, the article offers a comprehensive guide for educators and stakeholders, illustrating how a thoughtful incorporation of regional studies can contribute to the holistic development of patriotic sentiments, community involvement, and a profound connection to oneʼs homeland in the younger generation.
 Keywords: patriotic education; regional studies; school regional studies; elementary school children; patriotism; educational process; civic responsibility; cultural heritage.

Perencanaan Ekowisata Mangrove Desa Pasar Raya Menuju Desa Wisata Mangrove

Mangrove ecotourism has become one of the popular destinations in nature-based tourism. Pasar Raya Village, which is surrounded by beautiful mangrove forests, has taken the initiative to develop mangrove ecotourism and turn it into a "Mangrove Tourism Village." This study aims to design a comprehensive, sustainable, and attractive mangrove ecotourism planning in Pasar Raya Village. The study involved an in-depth analysis of the mangrove ecotourism potential, including the natural wealth, biodiversity, and environmental uniqueness of Pasar Raya Village. In addition, the involvement of local communities and stakeholders became an integral part of this planning. the construction of trails, jetties, and guided paths to allow visitors to explore the mangrove forest safely and comfortably. The outcome of this planning is the transformation of Pasar Raya Village into a sustainable mangrove ecotourism destination, which not only provides an exceptional experience for visitors but also empowers the local community and safeguards the important mangrove ecosystem. The success of this project depends on close collaboration between the government, community and private sector in a joint effort to maintain the natural beauty and biodiversity of Pasar Raya Village.

Інноваційні механізми формування безумовного базового доходу

The article is devoted to the disclosure of the features of introducing unconditional basic income under the conditions of the spread of digitization and automation of all spheres of human activity. UBI can play a critical role in poverty alleviation by extending social protection to informal workers, promoting gender equality, stimulating the macro-economy during crises and redistributing dividends from natural wealth. It outlines a situation where the UBI appears to be a particularly appropriate approach to redistribute the gains from automation and globalization by creating an effective and transparent barrier against global instability and systemic risks, creating positive incentives and avoiding recurring risks of impoverishment. Attention is paid to the specifics of the relationship between IT companies and their employees, thanks to which the latter get the opportunity to purchase company shares under special conditions and at discounted prices, and a comparison of this approach with the position of Kuwaiti citizens in the context of the UBI is made. The role of the leading states, in particular the G7, which, with the help of special tax methods, are trying to regulate the activities of multinational corporations, while striving to ensure the so-called digital transition, is emphasized. With regard to Ukraine, the importance of balanced development of all sectors of the economy and ensuring economic growth after the abolition of benefits for the IT industry was emphasized. It is concluded that the implementation of stock option programs or benefits, similar to those that exist in Kuwait for citizens of the state, will help to overcome poverty, conserve resources and reduce the impact of human activities on the natural environment, and therefore ensure the sustainable development of the country.

Cognitive flexibility and academic performance: Individual and cross-national patterns among adolescents in 57 countries

Studies have suggested cognitive flexibility as an enhancer of academic performance. However, this link has not been confirmed across diverse samples of countries, which requires a cross-cultural reinvestigation with a consideration of possible contextual moderators such as societal culture. Specifically, we consider the moderating role of societal flexibility (vs. monumentalism), a dimension from Minkov-Hofstede's cultural model which emphasizes humility, adaptability, and desire for self-improvement. Using international survey data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018, this study examines the relationship between adolescents' cognitive flexibility and academic performance in diverse sociocultural contexts. Results from multilevel analyses of 378,087 adolescents from 57 countries show that adolescents' cognitive flexibility is positively associated with academic performance in a global context. An interaction term, however, reveals that the academic benefits of adolescents' cognitive flexibility are significantly greater in more flexible societies. In addition, we identify individual and cross-national characteristics that influence adolescents' academic performance such as gender, socioeconomic status, national wealth, and educational level. These findings reveal the role of individual factors on adolescents' academic performance and emphasize the importance of the interaction between individual and sociocultural factors.

Potential Energy and Environmental Footprint Savings from Reducing Food Loss and Waste in Europe: A Scenario-Based Multiregional Input-Output Analysis.

Food loss and waste (FLW) contribute significantly to the global food system's economic and environmental burdens, including substantial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, resource depletion, and waste management challenges. In alignment with the European Commission's sustainability objectives and U.N. Sustainable Development Goal 12.3, this study explores the potential energy and environmental footprint savings achievable by halving FLW in Europe by 2030. Using a multiregional input-output model, we estimated the total global energy and environmental footprint savings across all stages of the food supply chain, considering industry-specific FLW rates and proportion weights. The findings reveal substantial environmental savings across Europe, with aggregate savings potentially reaching 51 Mt CO2e (0.09 t CO2e/p), 4,620 Mm3 (8 m3/p) of blue water, 106,446 km2 (179 m2/p) of cropland, 55,523 km2 (93 m2/p) of grassland, and 0.47 EJ (0.54 TJ/p) of energy. The greatest potential for savings was found in Western Europe, specifically in France, Germany, Belgium, and The Netherlands. However, countries with a lower per capita GDP, such as Greece, Croatia, Bulgaria, and Romania, also demonstrate significant per capita savings potential, indicating that wealth does not necessarily correlate with higher environmental savings. Agricultural production emerged as the stage with the highest footprint reduction potential for GHG and resource footprints across Europe, while the foodservice and institutional stages offer the greatest energy-saving potential. Geographical disparities underscore the need for region-specific policies. These results challenge the wealth-sustainability correlation and advocate for adaptable policies that transcend national wealth and accommodate regional disparities, underlining the pivotal roles of the agricultural production and consumption stages in footprint savings.

Mapping cultural ecosystem services: A case study in Lesvos Island, Greece

Coastal and marine ecosystems are under high pressure from multiple activities that take place in coastal areas. Mapping and assessment of ecosystem services are considered essential to support decision-making in policies on the sustainable management of these areas. In this paper, an integrated indicator has been developed and applied to map and assess Recreation Opportunities that are supplied by coastal and marine ecosystems on the Island of Lesvos, North Aegean, Greece, which is an area of great natural wealth and beauty, but it is under numerous threats from various activities that take place within its boundaries. The proposed indicator integrates biophysical, social and managerial aspects of Ecosystem Services (ES) to assess potential ES flow. It is a flexible methodology that utilizes available data and user-friendly geo-technologies and can be used for local scale assessment. A discussion is carried out on the importance of such methodologies for Marine Spatial Planning (MSP), and recommendations are made as to how this indicator may be improved.

Analyzing the impact of natural capital on socio- economic objectives under the framework of sustainable development goals

Natural capital plays an essential role in achieving socio-economic objectives and is connected to the basic conditions for human survival. Here, we discuss the role played by natural capital in sustainable socio-economic objectives (SDG1, 3, 5, and 8) in 131 countries and territories during the period 2000–2018. In the long term, the increased dependence on natural capital can contribute to decent work and economic growth, but it has negative impacts on poverty reduction as well as the promotion of good health, well-being, and gender equality. The relationship between natural capital and each socio-economic objectives changes with different levels of socio-economic. In addition, the regression results of countries at different stages of development show heterogeneity. Unlike low-income countries, the dependence on natural capital reduces poverty rates in high-income countries, and is conducive to gender equality in middle-income countries. Governments should create incentives to protect and enhance natural wealth to prevent the depletion of natural capital or its unsustainable conversion into other forms of capital.

PESONA BAGAN: MENGENAL KEHIDUPAN NELAYAN DAN PESONA ALAM SEBAGAI TUJUAN WISATA

Pesona Bagan, is a tourism potential that combines the life of fishermen and natural beauty and attracts attention in the development of regional tourism in the village of Air Nyatoh. Bagan is also an important economic resource for the people of Air Nyatoh village, with the majority of fishermen using a fishing gear in the form of a bagan and a boat. Nonetheless, a deeper understanding of the dynamics of fishermen's lives and their natural potential still needs to be explored further. This study aims to explore aspects of fishermen's lives in Pesona Bagan and identify natural potential as a tourist attraction as well as in the economic field for the people of Air Nyatoh Village. A qualitative approach is used with in-depth observation and interviews with local fishermen. Data on daily routine, gear and environmental interactions are analyzed to paint a comprehensive picture. This research reveals the pattern of fishermen's lives which are closely related to natural rhythms and local traditions. The natural wealth around Bagan, including marine biodiversity and beautiful scenery, has great potential as a tourist destination. This finding has a significant impact on the development of sustainable tourism in Air Nyatoh Village. The integration of the authentic experience of fishermen with natural charm is the basis for designing tourism programs that care about the welfare of local communities and environmental preservation.

Penegakkan Hukum Pidana dalam Kasus Illegal Logging Berdasarkan Uu No. 41 Tahun 1999 tentang Kehutanan

This study aims to obtain information and analyze the law regarding Criminal Law Enforcement in Illegal Logging Cases based on Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry. Using the approach method in this study is a normative juridical approach. As natural wealth belonging to the nation and state, the rights of the nation and state to the forest and its results need to be maintained and maintained so that the forest can fulfill its function for the benefit of the nation and state itself. Forests as a source of natural wealth belonging to the Indonesian nation are one of the 2 basic capitals (duua) of national development used to increase the prosperity of the people as explained in Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution that the earth, water, and natural resources contained therein are used for the greatest prosperity of the people. According to the version of WALHI (Forum for the Environment) once reached 3.4 million hectares every year, losses due to illegal logging ranged from 40-65 trillion every year. In 2003 the rate of destruction decreased to 3.2 million hectares and in 2005 around 2.4 million hectares, the decrease in the rate of destruction was not due to the effectiveness of law enforcement, but rather the increasing scarcity of timber that could be looted by forest criminals. Illegal logging is not the only crime in the forestry sector that causes critical forest conditions. The importance of the role of forests in people's lives and to create public order and security, the government should not stand idly by but act to overcome the long-standing practice of illegal logging. The enactment of Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry.

Multihanded Adam Smith (Part one)

The paper analyzes the metaphor of “an invisible hand”, which was introduced two and a half centuries ago by Adam Smith (1723—1790) and which eventually became the central concept of modern economics. Its first part presents a detailed textual analysis of three fragments from Smith’s works where it is discussed — in the posthumously published “The history of astronomy” (1796), “The theory of moral sentiments” (1757) and “The wealth of nations” (1776). A question arises what meaning Smith put into his metaphor and what significance he attached to it — was there some important general idea behind it or was it merely a passing rhetoric device? There is also no consensus among historians of economic thought what interpretation is more correct — theological (in this case, the “invisible hand” is attributed to the Divine Providence directing it) or secular (in this case, it acts autonomously, without control from any external powers). In addition to “an invisible hand”, we also find in Smith’s texts “the visible hand” of the state, and he leaves no doubt on whose side his sympathies are.

Efforts to Increase Local Community Income Through Seaweed Cultivation in Arareni Village Yapen Islands Regency

Papua has various kinds of potential marine natural resource wealth, both biological and non-biological natural wealth. The potential of these natural resources should be utilized to improve the community's economy. Utilization of the potential of marine resources is still far from expectations. One of the potential marine resources is seaweed. Seaweed has export potential, and its economic value is met from cultivation activities. The aim of this community partnership empowerment (PKM) activity is to increase the knowledge of small-scale seaweed farmers and implement pre-harvest seaweed cultivation practices in Arareni Village, Yapen Islands Regency. The approach used is the delivery of material through socialization related to cultivation practices, starting from the land preparation process, seeding, maintenance, calculating harvest time and yields, as well as group management. During the socialization there were also questions and answers and discussions. The success of the activity is evaluated through a pre-post test. The results show that the highest increase in knowledge was achieved in the cultivation process material (pre-test 47% and post-test 61%). Seaweed farmers know that the seed production age is 25-30 days, harvest after 30-45 days, seed weight 50-100 grams, maintenance takes 25-30 days, distance between ropes 100-200 cm, seeds must be 20-50 cm apart below the water surface and the yield size is 250 g/rope.

Transboundary Haze Pollution in Indonesia and Malaysia in the Perspective of Islamic Law and International Environmental Law

The background of the research is that cross-border haze pollution that hits Indonesia and Malaysia occurs almost every year and this problem has not been resolved from the past until now. Humans, as the caliphs of Allah SWT on earth, are still unable to maximize their duties in preserving nature, forests and the environment. The aim of the research is to find out the latest issues in the problem of cross-border haze pollution in Indonesia and Malaysia so that we can analyze solutions according to Islamic law and international environmental law. The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory approach, concept approach and case approach. Using qualitative descriptive methods. The results of the research are that the management of natural resources is not in accordance with the principles of international law, causing air pollution which has a negative impact on Indonesia and Malaysia. The research conclusion is that the biggest factor triggering the problem of smoke pollution is forest and land fires, which are mostly caused by human actions. Law enforcement in preventing and taking action against perpetrators is still not effective, especially since there is interference from powerful elements who take part. The research suggestion is that society in its role as caliph must be able to act wisely and judiciously in managing the natural wealth on this earth so that environmental sustainability will be maintained. The government must be proactive in collaborating with neighboring countries in overcoming the haze problem