Історико-культурна спадщина Поділля в Росії: пошук та питання реституції

Abstract

The purpose of research is to highlight the issues of loss of the historical and cul- tural heritage of Podillia because of export to the territory of Russia and the issue of restitution based on international legislation. Th e research methodology is based on modern theoretical principles of “borrowing from archaeology” (according to G. Lucas), as an objective basis for building historical concepts, in contrast to the outdated dogmas of Marxist ideology, which re- quired from the beginning the creation of a certain concept followed by the selection of relevant facts. Scientifi c novelty determined by the fi rst attempt to create an information bank of the historical and cultural heritage of Podillia, which was removed from the museum of Russia, and to raise the question of its return. Conclusions. Th e fate of the historical and cultural heritage of Podillia in Russia remains an urgent question of modern Ukrainian science. We are talking about the search and creation of an information base, which includes a huge amount of written and archaeological sources, and other cultural values. According to the fi rst results of searches by Ukrainian researchers, it was established that 38 archaeological collections were removed from the territory of Podillia and transferred to various institutions of the Russian Federation. Th e vast majority of materials got to the Hermitage, others are in various scientifi c and museum institutions of St. Petersburg and Moscow. But the total volume and composition of exported materials has not yet been established. With the formation of independent Ukraine, the task of establishing the historical and cultural heritage seized in various ways, determining its scope, composition, losses, protection and preservation of national wealth became extremely acute. In the regional dimension, they refl ect the specifi cs of each territory and its community, acquire special importance in restoring the historical past of Ukrainian lands.