Weak Sand Research Articles

KUMLU ZEMİN ÜZERİNDEKİ RADYE TEMELLERİN WİNKLER VE PSÜDO-EŞLENİK YÖNTEMLERİ İLE ANALİZİ

The settlements occurred in building foundations depend on many soil parameters. Thus, these parameters make the solution both difficult and complex during the calculating process. Therefore, finite element programs use the subgrade reaction coefficient to facilitate the foundation solution. Two different methods, which are Winkler method and Pseudo coupled method, are used in the basic solutions with the coefficient of subgrade reaction. While the Winkler method can be solved with a single field, the pseudo method can be solved with 2 or more fields. In this study, a 10 story building with a 36 m x 36 m square foundation was separately designed on four different sand soils. Two of these soils are classified as C and the others are classified as D according to Eurocode 8. The foundation of this building built on four different soils was divided into six different areas (one region, two regions, three regions, five regions, seven regions, 10 regions). Consequently, 24 analyzes were performed by using the ETABS program. According to the results obtained from these analyzes, while it is appropriate to use the Winkler method in weak sand soils for rigid foundation acceptance, it is more appropriate to use the Pseudo-coupled method in dense sand soils. Pseudo-coupled method should be used in flexible foundation solutions built on weak sand soils. The Winkler method should be used for flexible foundations built on dense sand soils. In the Pseudo-coupled method, the highest settlements were obtained in the two-region solutions. An optimum number of fields was found to be 7 for Pseudo-coupled method.

Performance of recycled waste aggregate mixed with crushed glass over a weak subgrade

Aggregate layers, 200–400 mm thick and formed of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) alone or mixed with 5%, 10% or 15% of Crushed Waste Glass (CWG), were used to improve the bearing pressure-settlement response of a weak sand bed. The results show bearing pressure of foundation beds with CDW layers is ∼ 1.6–2 times that of beds with the same thickness of sandy soil layers. Employing a 200 mm thick CDW layer (0.67 times of the footing diameter) can deliver a higher bearing pressure than sandy soil twice as thick. Bearing pressure increased with an increase in the CWG content of the CDW-CWG, although the trend flattened when the CWG content exceeded 10%. At a settlement level of 2% and a CDW-CWG layer 400 mm thick (1.33 times of the footing diameter), the improvement in bearing pressure was ∼ 21%, 44% and 52%, respectively with the use of 5%, 10% and 15% CWG as compared with no CWG. Adding CWG to CDW enables the thickness of the waste aggregate layer to be reduced by at least 25% while still increasing the system’s bearing pressure. It is concluded that CDW and CWG could beneficially aid foundation construction at the same time as reducing the environmental consequences of waste disposal and natural resource acquisition.

The innovative Fiber reinforced geopolymer fly ash-based geopolymer in loose sand stabilization

Geopolymer (GP) has recently emerged as a new and environmentally friendly alternative to standard soil stabilization agents such as lime and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) to reduce environmental concerns. The addition of fibers to treated soil limits crack propagation, enhancing its strength even further. This study used high calcium class C fly ash (CFA) reacted with 10 M NaOH as a geopolymer (GP) binder to treat weak sand soil. Polypropylene (PP) fibers with a length of 4.5 mm were used as reinforcement in amounts ranging from 0.3 to 1.5%. Microstructure and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) testing were performed on the generated specimens. The study proved the benefits of fiber inclusion in improving the mechanical behavior of the treated weak soil. Superior strength characteristics were observed in GP- treated soil mixes with a binder content of 20% and an Activator/Binder (A/B) ratio of 0.4 reinforced with 1.5% PP fibers by weight, indicating that they can be used as a sustainable alternative to traditional binders in deep soil mixing applications.

Investigation of Stress Distribution in a Railway Embankment Reinforced By Geogrid Based Weak Soil Formation Using Hybrid Rnn-Eho

As the primary method of track support, traditional sloping embankments are typically used by railroad lines. Geosynthetically Reinforced Soil (GRS) systems, as an alternative to traditional embankments, have gained appeal, notably for high-speed lines in India. This system's reduced base area compared to traditional embankments means that less ground stabilization, improvement, and land taking is necessary. The research's findings provide intriguing strategies that may be implemented into the way tracks are designed now to accommodate faster freight trains pulling greater loads. This research explains how to anticipate the bearing capacity of weak sand supported by a method of compacted granular fill over natural clay soil using a hybrid Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Elephant Herding Optimization (EHO) with Georgic reinforced soil foundation. The exact prediction target for the proposed model was developed by using displacement amplitude as an output index. A number of elements influencing the foundation bed's properties, Georgic reinforcement, and dynamic excitation have been taken into account as input variables. The RNN-anticipated EHO's accuracy was compared to that of three other popular approaches, including ANN, HHO, CFA, and MOA. Strict statistical criteria and a multi-criteria approach were principally used to assess the predictive power of the developed models. The model is also examined using fresh, independent data that wasn't part of the initial dataset. The hybrid RNNEHO model performed better in predicting the displacement amplitude of footing lying on Geogrid-reinforced beds than the other benchmark models. Last but not least, the sensitivity analysis was used to highlight how input parameters might affect the estimate of displacement amplitude.

Performance of Artificial Neural Network and Modified Gravitational Search Algorithm Models to Predict Vibration Response of Geocell Reinforced Based Weak Sand

The use of a fast evolving artificial intelligence technology (AIT) to forecast the vibration response of maritime soil based on geocells is explored in this research. The vibration response is represented by an indicator called peak particle velocity (PPV). For the purpose of predicting PPV, the artificial intelligence techniques Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Modified Gravitational Search Algorithm (MGSA) are employed. To create the dataset for the model, a number of field vibration tests were first performed over the geocell-reinforced beds. PPV variation was investigated by varying the test variables—footing embedment, dynamic load, infill material modulus, width, and depth of geocell mattress placement—during the test performed. The various statistical indicators were determined in order to evaluate the prediction performance of a constructed model. Plate load results on geocell-reinforced foundation beds have been used to validate the proposed hybrid ANN-MGSA model. High accuracy and consistency were found when the findings of the ANN-EHO, JSA, MOA, and RNN method were compared, particularly at predicted and actual resolution levels. A parametric sensitivity has also been examined in order to better understand the behaviour of geocell-reinforced structures.

Performance of Artificial Neural Network and Modified Gravitational Search Algorithm Models to Predict Vibration Response of Geocell Reinforced Based Weak Sand

The use of a fast evolving artificial intelligence technology (AIT) to forecast the vibration response of maritime soil based on geocells is explored in this research. The vibration response is represented by an indicator called peak particle velocity (PPV). For the purpose of predicting PPV, the artificial intelligence techniques Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Modified Gravitational Search Algorithm (MGSA) are employed. To create the dataset for the model, a number of field vibration tests were first performed over the geocell-reinforced beds. PPV variation was investigated by varying the test variables—footing embedment, dynamic load, infill material modulus, width, and depth of geocell mattress placement—during the test performed. The various statistical indicators were determined in order to evaluate the prediction performance of a constructed model. Plate load results on geocell-reinforced foundation beds have been used to validate the proposed hybrid ANN-MGSA model. High accuracy and consistency were found when the findings of the ANN-EHO, JSA, MOA, and RNN method were compared, particularly at predicted and actual resolution levels. A parametric sensitivity has also been examined in order to better understand the behaviour of geocell-reinforced structures

Geocell-reinforced bed under static and cyclic loads: Soil density and grain size effects

This paper reports on a series of static and cyclic plate loading tests performed on a weak unreinforced sand bed in a test pit. The weak sand was covered by a 160 mm thick layer comprised of one of three compacted soil types which was either unreinforced or geocell-reinforced. The purpose was to investigate the effects of soil density and grain size as filler materials for the covering layer. The three covering soils were granular with average particle sizes of 2.2 (Soil 1), 6.14 (Soil 2), and 8.47 (Soil 3) mm. Under static loading, the bearing pressure increased on average 23% when the average grain size of the upper, unreinforced, soil layer changed from 2.20 mm to 8.47 mm. The improvement in bearing pressure was about 37% due to the use of a soil-filled geocell but, unlike the unreinforced situation, employing larger soil grains to fill the geocell pockets didn't show significant further improvement. For cyclic loading tests, the maximum settlement reduction by employing a geocell layer was about 50% for Soil 1. Whether loaded statically or cyclically, increasing soil density likely would be more efficient for improving geocell performance than employing a soil having larger particle sizes.

KOMPOSISI UNSUR DAN MINERAL DALAM PASIR BESI, RESIDU BAUKSIT DI PT. INDONESIA CHEMICAL ALUMINA (ICA) (ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION AND MINERALS IN IRON SAND, BAUXITE RESIDUE AT PT. INDONESIA CHEMICAL ALUMINA (ICA)

Iron sand is obtained from one of the waste treatments stages of bauxite residue called red mud, operated at PT. Indonesia Chemical Alumina (PT. ICA). Preliminary analysis of the sand indicates that the main element contained in the sand is iron with a percentage of up to 60% and titanium at 10%. This study aims to determine the elemental composition and mineral characteristics of sand that was separated magnetically from the iron sand. Magnetic separation was carried out in two stages, namely separation using a weak magnets and strong magnets. The separation resulted in approximately 71% of strong magnetic sand. The rest was separated using the strong magnet giving almost 70% of weak magnetic sand while the residue is non-magnetic sand. The weak magnetic sand was analyzed using XRF and XRD to determine elemental composition as well as the type of mineral contained in the material. Elemental analysis showed that the weak magnetic sand contains 66.331% of iron, 13,120% of silicone, 9.216% of aluminum and 7.040% of titanium. The XRD analysis presented that crystalline phase in the sand consists of ilmenite, hematite, goethite, quartz and rutile.

KOMPOSISI UNSUR DAN MINERAL DALAM PASIR BESI, RESIDU BAUKSIT DI PT. INDONESIA CHEMICAL ALUMINA (ICA) (ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION AND MINERALS IN IRON SAND, BAUXITE RESIDUE AT PT. INDONESIA CHEMICAL ALUMINA (ICA)

Iron sand is obtained from one of the waste treatments stages of bauxite residue called red mud, operated at PT. Indonesia Chemical Alumina (PT. ICA). Preliminary analysis of the sand indicates that the main element contained in the sand is iron with a percentage of up to 60% and titanium at 10%. This study aims to determine the elemental composition and mineral characteristics of sand that was separated magnetically from the iron sand. Magnetic separation was carried out in two stages, namely separation using a weak magnets and strong magnets. The separation resulted in approximately 71% of strong magnetic sand. The rest was separated using the strong magnet giving almost 70% of weak magnetic sand while the residue is non-magnetic sand. The weak magnetic sand was analyzed using XRF and XRD to determine elemental composition as well as the type of mineral contained in the material. Elemental analysis showed that the weak magnetic sand contains 66.331% of iron, 13,120% of silicone, 9.216% of aluminum and 7.040% of titanium. The XRD analysis presented that crystalline phase in the sand consists of ilmenite, hematite, goethite, quartz and rutile.

Evaluating and improving the sand storm numerical simulation performance in Northwestern China using WRF-Chem and remote sensing soil moisture data

This paper aims to test the ability of the WRF-Chem model to simulate sand storms in Northwest China and improve the simulation results by introducing remote sensing soil moisture data into WRF-Chem. We conducted sensitivity tests, including parameterization scheme tests and soil moisture tests using WRF-Chem. By comparing various combinations of parameterization schemes, which have considerable impacts on sand emissions, the most suitable parameterization scheme for WRF-Chem to simulate sand storms in Northwest China was selected for establishing models in future research. Based on the optimal combination of parameterization schemes, the sensitivity of sand emissions to soil moisture was tested, indicating that soil moisture has a substantial influence on sand emissions and revealing a nonlinear relationship between sand emissions and soil moisture. Although sand simulations are sensitive to soil moisture, the sand emission volume does not always increase with decreasing soil moisture content. Moreover, the soil moisture content simulated by WRF-Chem is quite different from that observed by satellites. Therefore, we selected ten sand storms that occurred in Northwest China in 2009–2018, including weak, moderate and strong sand storms, to explore the responses of sand storms of different intensities to soil moisture. Some experiments were conducted in two scenarios: scenario A was simulated only by WRF-Chem, and scenario B was designed by replacing the initial soil moisture field in WRF-Chem with soil moisture satellite data from AMSR2 and AMSR-E. Comparing the simulation results with in-situ ground-based and satellite-based measurements indicates that WRF-Chem can capture strong sand storms and some moderate sand storms, but the ability to simulate weak sand storms needs to be greatly improved. After introducing remote sensing soil moisture data into WRF-Chem, the simulation of sand emissions becomes more accurate, substantially improving the simulation results. Among the ten simulated sand storms, the AOD (aerosol optical depth) and PM10 simulation accuracies are improved for five and seven sand storms, respectively. After this improvement, the AOD correlation coefficient can reach 0.63, and the PM10 correlation coefficient can reach 0.60.

Behaviour of circular footings confined by rigid base and geocell reinforcement

Soil in nature may exist in a stratified state. A possible condition is the case of a rigid layer underlying a weak sand stratum. In this instance, the bearing capacity of a shallow footing is affected by the lower rigid boundary. The treatment of thin soil layer by geocell reinforcement to raise the load carrying capacity of single shallow footing has been limited in the literature. Accordingly, rigid base and geocell reinforcement are investigated separately and in combination to study their influence on the behaviour and BC of shallow circular footings in dry sand bed. To capture that effect, different size rigid circular footings were tested on a bed in fully instrumented small- and large-scale laboratory installations. The ratio of sand layer thickness to footing diameter was changed considering optimum dimension and embedment depth for geocell mattress. The extensive laboratory part involved monitoring subgrade deformations, soil-geocell stresses and strains revealing the appropriate models for failure mechanisms in the presence of such confinements. Large increase in bearing capacity up to 225% and significant settlement reduction up to 66% are measured for the combined case. Base confinement less than three times the footing diameter in combination with the geocell mattress resulted in favourable higher design performance factors. New equations are proposed to estimate these factors for design and to extend classical formulations for footings strengthened by combined geocell-base confinement. A design performance factor is dependent on footing diameter, sand relative density and the ratio of layer thickness to footing diameter. As this ratio increases, this design factor decreases reaching a constant value at the critical depth.

Bearing capacity of ring footing on weak sand layer overlying a dense sand deposit

ABSTRACT The present paper deals with the numerical investigation on the ultimate bearing capacity of ring footing resting on loose sand overlying a dense sand deposit. The study followed the use of lower and upper bound finite element limit analysis in conjunction with second-order conic programming. The analysis was carried out by varying the thickness as well as the angle of internal friction of the top and the bottom sand layers for the ring footing with the variation in the radius (ratio of internal radius to external radius) ratio. The results were expressed in terms bearing capacity ratio, which was found to decrease with an increase in the thickness and the friction angle of the dense sand layer. Further, the results obtained from this study compared well with the data available from the literature.

Effect of mound-building termites on soil physicochemical properties and sugarcane stalk heights

This study investigated soil factors responsible for localised patches of enhanced sugarcane growth on the remains of termite (Macrotermes natalensis) mounds observed on predominantly coarse-textured soils (weak sands) of KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. Soil samples (0–20 cm depth) were collected and sugarcane stalk heights determined from termite-mounds and their immediate surrounds located in the North Coast and Midlands South regions (three per location). Mean clay and total carbon levels were 45 and 3.9 g kg−1 higher, respectively, in the termite-mounds relative to the immediate surrounding soils. In addition, termite-mound soil had lower acid saturations and higher pH, calcium, magnesium, zinc, nitrogen and silicon contents than surrounding soils. Although interactions between sampling regions and position (termite-mounds vs surrounds) showed no signifi- cant differences, a greater impact of termite activity associated with higher clay content was observed on the North Coast. These results suggested that increasing organic matter facilitated by activity of termites may improve the fertility of the ‘weak sands’ and thus increase the growth of sugarcane.

An investigation of the detection of acoustic sand signals from the flow of solid particles in pipelines

The development of a simple, reliable and low-cost on-line particle detection method for liquid flows has been recognized as a global challenge in the chemical engineering industry. To overcome the existing limitations in the detection of sand particles in water–gas pipe flows, a non-invasive acoustic method with two special acoustic devices (installed separately on a straight pipe and a bend pipe) for the detection of miniscule sand particles was evaluated. A series of detection methods, namely, time-frequency analysis, mutual-coherence analysis, and multi-band elimination filter methods, were developed to extract weak sand features submerged in the background noise of strong flows. Verification experiments were conducted to record acoustic signals from sand-carrying flows, thereby revealing five sand characteristic frequency bands in a water–gas bubbly flow: 20.59–21.31 kHz, 24.10–24.82 kHz, 27.64–28.36 kHz, 31.10–31.84 kHz, and 34.61–35.33 kHz. Additionally, good agreement was found between the sand concentration (0.06–0.24 wt.%) with a particle size of 150 μm and the acoustic sand root mean square (RMS) level within the discovered sand frequency multi-bands, verifying the use of the proposed acoustic detection devices and the corresponding weak sand identification method. This study provides the foundation for the future detection of solids in more complex multiphase flows.

Quantification of the morphology of shelly carbonate sands using 3D images

Shelly carbonate sands proliferate in regions of the world where construction of offshore structures is in high demand. These structurally weak sands have high intra-granular voids and complex angular grain shapes. To improve the understanding of the mechanical properties of the material, a detailed morphological quantification is required. This paper presents a three-dimensional characterisation of the morphology of shelly carbonate sands based on analyses of X-ray computed tomography images. Two sands from the Persian Gulf with distinct grading were investigated. An adaptive watershed segmentation technique was developed to identify the individual grains for subsequent grain-scale analysis, which overcomes the challenges posed by the intricate microstructure of these sands. Non-invasive measurements of size, intra-granular void and various shape parameters were carried out, and statistical analyses were conducted, to characterise the grains. The results help to better understand the mechanisms of grain interlocking, and the role of grain angularity and intra-granular void ratio on the mechanical behaviour of shelly carbonate sands.

Experimental Test and Numerical Analysis of Old Masonry Walls Strengthened with Glass Fiber Reinforced Mineral Composite

Masonry structures are commonly used in Romania and not only. This is due to its many advantages in terms of mechanical behavior based on increased capacity of stress redistribution. In addition to traditional strengthening solutions, composite materials are an advantageous alternative due to the high strength versus weight ratio. This paper presents an experimental and numerical analysis on old brick masonry specimens made with weak lime mortar and limestone sand, subjected to uniaxial compression. The results were compared with finite element numerical analysis in order to show stress distribution between brickwork and strengthening layers applied. Several forms of strengthening application relative to masonry faces (interior and exterior) were considered in the numerical analysis. The beneficial effect on the mechanical behavior of strengthened masonry in terms of stress and strain distribution of both masonry and strengthening layers is shown to be dependent on the thickness of the strengthening layer.

Rutting Behavior of Geocell Reinforced Base Layer Overlying Weak Sand Subgrades

In this study, a series of large scale repeated model load tests are performed on geocell reinforced and unreinforced base layers overlying weak sand subgrades. The weak sand subgrades are prepared at 30% relative density (RD) through pluviation (sand raining) technique in a test tank of dimensions 1m × 1m × 1m (length × width × height). Two different base courses consisting of 75% RD sand and a granular base material have been tested. The 75% RD sand base course is also prepared by pluviation technique, while the granular base course is prepared in 5 layers, each of 50mm thick, by static compaction.A repetitive load of 0.97kN and 9.7kN was applied on the prepared base layer through a 150mm diameter plate to replicate the traffic load equivalent to a contact pressure of 550kPa. Loading was applied through a graphical user interfaced multi-purpose test software along with the help of a hydraulic power unit, hydraulic service manifold and sophisticated double acting linear dynamic 100kN capacity actuator which is connected to a 3.5m high, 200kN capacity reaction frame. Four different tests are conducted on both the base courses (75% RD sand and granular base) with and without reinforcement overlying the weak sand subgrade separately. There is a considerable amount of improvement observed for different number of cycles and plate settlements on quantification of traffic benefit ratios (TBR), cumulative plastic deformations (CPD) and rut depth reduction (RDR) for geocell reinforced base courses. However, geocell reinforced granular base course have shown a better improvement comparatively.

Mudflow gully characteristics, formation and impact on reservoir heterogeneity – A gas field in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea

Mudflow gullies are well developed in offshore areas and on the upper deepwater slope. In this paper, we discuss the formation and characteristics of mudflow gullies in a gas field in the Yinggehai Basin along the northwestern South China Sea margin, and address their impacts on sand body distribution, reservoir heterogeneity, and hydrocarbon accumulation.The geological setting and sedimentary characteristics indicate that the sedimentary environment of the study intervals is located in an area between lower shore face and offshore. The gullies are several meters to a few tens of meters wide, and are filled mainly with thick mudstones interbedded with thin siltstones. Gully fills show an overall fining upward depositional trend, and exhibit a high value, low-amplitude linear GR wireline log shape. Mudflow gullies always incise the underlying sand bars or sand sheets, are overlain by offshore shales and are therefore considered to have developed in a transgressive setting. They are of three basic types, i.e., deep-, moderate- and shallow-classes according to the incision depth. The mudflows developed in offshore environment with rapidly varying topography, and deeply cut the underlying sand bars in lower shore face environment. Influenced by diapiric events, plastic mud-rich sediments were apt to slump, yielding the studied gullies. Gullies can converge to generate a lobe at front of them. In particular, during marine transgression, due to the high depositional rate of muddy sediments and tectonic activity, marine transgression offered the most favorable scenario for the development of these gullies. The mudflows also slumped down the slope into the deep water areas of the basin.Because of the incision of mudflow gullies and transgressive wave ravinement from the southeast, the pre-existing sand bars on the lower shore face were reworked by waves and oriented in a NE–SW direction, perpendicular to the east shoreline to Hainan Island. The sand bars were affected by the mudflow gullies and diapir faults, often isolated from each other, resulting in a weak sand connectivity vertically and laterally. The degree of erosion of the sand bodies by mudflows decreases with depth. In addition, diapiric activity not only induces the formation of mudflow, but also causes CO2 in the deep buried intervals to migrate into gas reservoir attached by faults. The mudflow gullies are important causes of gas reservoir compartmentalization. CO2 filling process and gully development in the area resulted in more heterogeneity than the areas without them. Therefore, mudflow gullies control not only the reservoir compartments but also the gas content in the reservoir.

ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF SAND CASTING DEFECTS WITH THE HELP OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

Casting defects is one and the only limitation in any casting process. Sand casting process too suffers from the same problem. Finding out the optimum condition towards acquiring minimum casting defects is very critical. The normal method that most of the companies use is the trial and error method. But due to limitations like error prone results, expensive and time consuming, this method causes too much cost to company. In this paper, an attempt has been made to minimize the casting defects by optimizing the process parameters of sand casting defect using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The Toolbox of the MATLAB software is used to run the different values of the parameters. Parameters are selected on the basis of survey from different industry and a rigorous research of the previous paper on this topic. Before that a program was prepared in MATLAB to generate the values of different parameter by using their highest and smallest values which has been collected from a local casting industry. In our first attempt to optimize the sand casting process parameters, it is found that if we consider randomly both input and output just by considering their limits the results are satisfactory just up to a limit. And it changes if the parameters are being changed. For specific conditions the result is found to be 3.175 as casting defect. Later on a new type of program is generated based on the relation of sand casting parameters and sand casting defects. Three specific casting defects are considered called, Expansion Defect, Gas Defect, Weak sand Defect. At last, their results are found to be Expansion defect: 6.23%, Gas Defect: 7.28%, Weak Sand Defect: 5.74%.

Phytoindicative evaluation of habitat conditions of soilless formations reclaimed with flotation sludge, sewage sludge and used mineral wool under the influence of the Jeziórko Sulphur Mine

The floristic observations presented below were carried out in 2011, on 5-acre plots delineated on an area of degraded soil. The soil-reclamation experiment, which began in June 2004, was set up on devastated soilless formation affected by the Jeziorko Sulfur Mine. In the experiment, the impact of different (200, 400, 800 m 3 ha -1 ) doses of mineral wool and sewage sludge on characteristcis of the soilless formation was analyzed. The strongly acidic soilless formation (weak loamy sand) was reclaimed using flotation sludge in a dose of 100 t ha -1 for de-acidification, and various combinations of mineral wool and sewage sludge. The sward sown on plots pretreated as above consisted of a clover reclamation mixture with the following composition: Festuca pratensis – 41.2%, Festuca rubra – 19.2%, Lolium perenne – 14.7%, Lolium multiflorum – 12.4%, Dactylis glomerata – 6.5%, Trifolium pratense – 6%. A phytoindication method was employed to assess the impact of different reclamation methods of soilless formation on shaping the habitat conditions. This assessment took into account the following indicators: soil moisture, trophism, pH, organic matter content, resistance to salinity and to an increased content of heavy metals. The method for soilless formation reclamation was found to produce an effect on the analyzed ecological factors. The most favorable habitat conditions were recorded in soil reclaimed with mineral wool; they were worse in soil reclaimed with mineral wool and treated with NPK, but the worst parameters occurred in soil with the addition of sewage sludge and mineral wool.