Weak Magnetic Field Research Articles

Influence of a Constant Magnetic Field on the Parameters of the Magnetoplastic Effect in Aluminum Alloy B95pch

The present work is devoted to the comprehensive experimental study of the magnetoplastic effect found in the aluminum alloy B95pch aged in a weak constant magnetic field. The data on chemical composition of aluminum alloy B95pch, modes of thermal and thermomagnetic treatments and main experimentally observed regularities of changes in values of microhardness, modulus of elasticity of separate local areas and phase composition of aluminum alloy B95pch, aged at temperature 140°С, time from 2 to 8 h, in a constant magnetic field with intensity 557.0 kA/m and in its absence are presented. It was found that the constant magnetic field significantly affects the strength properties and structure of aluminum alloy B95pch. The negative magnetoplastic effect has been detected, the value of which is 21%. It is observed that the constant magnetic field does not significantly affect the average grain size, however, the size and number of observed foreign inclusions within the grain become significantly smaller compared to aging in the absence of magnetic field. In addition, the imposition of the constant magnetic field on the phase formation process leads to the formation of a more distorted structure: the half-width of diffraction lines becomes wider. The results of microhardness and modulus of elasticity measurements of aluminum alloy B95pc were found to be correlated.

Weakly nonlinear analysis of rotating magnetoconvection with anisotropic thermal diffusivity effect

The influence of anisotropic thermal diffusive coefficient on the stability of the horizontal fluid planar layer rotating about its vertical axis and permeated by the horizontal homogeneous magnetic field is studied. The linear stability analysis is carried out using the normal mode method. The stationary cross/oblique and parallel modes are calculated for different ranges of control parameters arising in the system. The SA (Stratification Anisotropy) parameter, α (the ratio of horizontal and vertical thermal diffusivities), plays a key role in deciding the boundaries between these modes and their instability regions when there is a combination of high and low rotation with weak and strong magnetic fields. The obtained isotropic results coincide with those obtained by pioneers in the literature. The weakly nonlinear behavior of the stationary convective motion in the vicinity of primary instability threshold is studied using the two-dimensional Landau–Ginzburg (LG) equation with cubic nonlinearity. This equation derived using the multiple scale analysis is similar to the one obtained in the literature having different relaxation time, nonlinear coefficient, and coherence lengths. These coefficients are used to study the heat transfer rate. In the case of high rotation, Nusselt number gets decreased from atmospheric (α < 1) to oceanic (α > 1) SA types. The domain for secondary instability of Eckhaus is obtained using the spatiotemporal LG equation and it is observed that the Eckhaus instability region decreases with increasing α.

On controllability of fluidized bed reduction of iron ore by CH4 for selective formation of magnetite

Magnetization roasting technology is one of the most representative ways to improve the magnetic separation efficiency and iron recovery of refractory weakly magnetic iron ores. However, utilization of CO-rich or H2-rich gas of strong reducibility as reducing agent for magnetization roasting would lead to over-reduction of Fe2O3 in the ore to non-magnetic FeO, which makes the magnetism of the roasted ore be lower than its maximum, and hence leads to a lower iron recovery than expected. To explore the possibility of using CH4 as reducing agent for controllable reduction of Fe2O3 in iron ores to selectively forming magnetic Fe3O4, i.e., for maximizing the magnetism of the reduced ore for efficient iron separation and recovery, a series of fluidized bed reduction tests in CH4 were carried out on two iron ores of 55 % and 33 % iron at different temperatures for different periods of time, and the resultant reduced ore particles were magnetically separated for recovery of iron concentrate. XRD and ICP analyses were performed on all recovered iron concentrates to identify the crystal forms of their iron species and to quantify their iron contents. The results have shown that the controllable reduction by CH4 of Fe2O3 in the iron ores to strongly magnetic Fe3O4 can be realized by controlling the reduction temperature and time condition applied. The resultant concentrates can be fully recovered by magnetic separation in a weak magnetic field of 60 kA/m to attain a maximum iron recovery of 98 % for the high-grade ore and that of 65 % for the low-grade ore. Besides, the results have also shown that the most critical factor affecting the controllability of the ore reduction process and the selectivity to the generation of magnetic Fe3O4-containing particles is the reduction temperature, and that the upper temperature threshold for the controllable reduction and selective generation of strongly magnetic iron concentrate is about 650℃.

Doppler-enhanced quantum magnetometry with thermal Rydberg atoms

We report experimental measurements showing how one can combine quantum interference and thermal Doppler shifts at room temperature to detect weak magnetic fields. We pump 87 Rb atoms to a highly-excited, Rydberg level using a probe and a coupling laser, leading to narrow transmission peaks of the probe due to destructive interference of transition amplitudes, known as Electromagnetically Induced Transparency. While it is customary in such setups to use counterpropagating lasers to minimize the effect of Doppler shifts, here we show, on the contrary, that one can harness Doppler shifts in a copropagating arrangement to produce an enhanced response to a magnetic field. In particular, we demonstrate an order-of-magnitude bigger splitting in the transmission spectrum as compared to the counterpropagating case. We explain and generalize our findings with theoretical modeling and simulations based on a Lindblad master equation. Our results pave the way to using quantum effects for magnetometry in readily deployable room-temperature platforms.

Thermoelectric response of a hot and weakly magnetized anisotropic QCD medium

We have studied the Seebeck and Nernst coefficients of a weakly magnetized hot QCD medium having a weak momentum anisotropy within the kinetic theory approach. The thermal medium effects have been incorporated in the framework of a quasiparticle model where the medium dependent mass of the quark has been calculated using perturbative thermal QCD in the presence of a weak magnetic field, which leads to different masses for the left (L) and right (R) handed chiral quark modes. We have found that the Seebeck and Nernst coefficient magnitudes for the individual quark flavors as well as for the composite medium are decreasing functions of temperature and decreasing functions of anisotropy strength. The Nernst coefficient magnitudes are about an order of magnitude smaller than their Seebeck counterparts, indicating the Seebeck effect constitutes a stronger response than the Nernst effect. The average percentage change corresponding to switching between quasiparticle modes (L→R or R→L) is an order of magnitude smaller for Nernst coefficients, compared to the Seebeck coefficients. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

The SF and remanence evaluation of magnetic shields based on SST for low-frequency and degaussing situation

As the dominant shielding functional material, the permalloy sheet primarily determines the static and low-frequency shielding performances of magnetically shielded room (MSR). However, the lack of measurement of shielding sheets for practical use would lead to a non-negligible evaluation error in MSR performance. Therefore, an estimation technique of shielding factor (SF) and the remanence of MSR is proposed in this paper while considering the nonlinear magnetic characteristics of the permalloy sheet tested by a single sheet tester for low-frequency field and degaussing situation (L-D-SST). First, a high-accuracy measurement system, comprising L-D-SST (for exciting magnetic field and sensing the corresponding B and H) and the control system (for applying excitation to L-D-SST and amplifying, filtering, and collecting B and H signals), is established. Weak magnetic fields at low frequencies and decaying alternating demagnetizing field excitations are separately applied to the L-D-SST for basic magnetization curves (BM curves) and an anhysteretic magnetization curve (AM curve) tests. Furthermore, the BM and AM curves are respectively integrated with the FEM algorithm for accurate and reliable estimations of the SF and remanence of MSR in an operational state. In addition, the tested magnetic properties are applied for the optimization of MSR shielding quality.

Thermal and magnetic evolution of Mercury with a layered Fe-Si(-S) core

Elucidating the structure and composition of Mercury is important for understanding its interior dynamics and evolution. The planet is characterised by unusual chemical characteristics and a weak magnetic field generated in a large metallic core, and its early evolution was also marked by the presence of a magnetic field, widespread volcanism and global contraction. Here we develop a parameterised model of coupled core-mantle thermal and magnetic evolution considering a layered Fe-Si(-S) core structure with chemical and physical properties of the mantle and the core based on previous laboratory studies. We seek successful solutions that are consistent with observations of Mercury's long-lived dynamo, total global contraction, present-day crustal thickness, and present-day interior structure. Successful solutions have a mantle reference viscosity >1021 Pa s (corresponding to a present-day bulk mantle viscosity >2×1020 Pa s), a silicon concentration in the core >13 wt%, a present inner core radius of ∼1000−1200 km and a thermally stable layer ∼ 500−800 km thick below the core-mantle boundary. Our results show that if present, a molten FeS layer atop the core has minimal effect on Mercury's long-term thermal and magnetic evolution. Predictions from our models can be tested with upcoming Bepi-Colombo observations.

Coupling weak magnetic field and zero-valent iron-activated persulfate oxidation process activation for improving dewaterability of waste activated sludge

Zero-valent iron (ZVI) activated persulfate (S2O82−) oxidation offers an alternative strategy for enhancing sludge dewatering. However, the slow corrosion/dissolution and precipitations of oxide iron layer of ZVI particles limit it real applications. In this study, weak magnetic field (WMF) was coupled with zero-valent iron (ZVI)-activated persulfate (S2O82−) oxidation at the different initial pH levels to enhance waste activated sludge (WAS) dewatering ability. The use of WMF can avoid the precipitation of ferric (hydr) oxides and accelerate the dissolution of ZVI particles, with the concentration of Fe(II) increased from 10.0 ± 8.8 to 222.0 ± 118.0 mg/L. The lowest CST/CST0 value of 0.27 ± 0.00 was observed at the ZVI/S2O82− dosage of 1.5/1.2 mmol/g-VS when coupled with WMF of 25 mT, lower than that without WMF (0.59 ± 0.03). The improved ZVI corrosion and subsequent liberation of Fe(II) provoked the SO4−· production from S2O82− and thus enhanced the sludge dewaterability greatly by disrupting the extracellular biopolymers and cells. Our results show that the application of WMF can be feasible for ZVI/S2O82− oxidation to improve sludge dewatering performance. ZVI/S2O82− oxidation cannot only avoid rapid free radical consumption and introduction of other anions to a certain extent, but also is more environmentally friendly when coupled with WMF than with thermal and acid-wash pretreatment.

High-precision reading of a weak magnetostatic field

Efforts have recently been put into developing proton precession magnetometers (PPM) in order to measure weak magnetic fields with high precision. Although high-cost commercial PPMs are available today, there are ongoing studies for low power consumption, low cost, high accuracy and resolution. Accordingly, in this study, a new PPM with a measurement range of 20,000 nT-120,000 nT, a production cost of $2000 and an accuracy of 0.13 nT was developed and its performance in determining the earth’s magnetic field was examined. It was determined that the developed PPM has an advantage over its commercial equivalents (G857, WCZ, etc.) in terms of price-performance ratio and can be used to determine small magnetic field values such as the earth’s magnetic field.

Present Status of Spectroscopy of the Hyperfine Structure and Repolarization of Muonic Helium Atoms at J-PARC

The mass mμ− of the negative muon is one of the parameters of the elementary particle Standard Model and it allows us to verify the CPT (charge–parity–time) symmetry theorem by comparing mμ− value with the mass mμ+ of the positive muon. However, the experimental determination precision of mμ− is 3.1ppm, which is an order of magnitude lower than the determination precision of mμ+ at 120ppb. The authors aim to determine mμ− and the magnetic moment μμ− with a precision of O(10ppb) through spectroscopy of the hyperfine structure (HFS) of muonic helium-4 atom (4Heμ−e−) under high magnetic fields. He4μ−e− is an exotic atom where one of the two electrons of the He4 atom is replaced by a negative muon. To achieve the goal, it is necessary to determine the HFS of He4μ−e− with a precision of O(1ppb). This paper describes the determination procedure of the HFS of He4μ−e− in weak magnetic fields reported recently, and the work towards achieving the goal of higher precision measurement.

Dynamics of heavy flavor in a weakly magnetized hot QCD medium

We obtain the spatial and momentum-diffusion coefficients (Ds and κ) and the collisional energy loss (dE/dx) of a heavy quark (HQ) traversing through a thermal medium of quarks and gluons in a weak magnetic field (B), for the two cases of the HQ moving either parallel or perpendicular to B. For that purpose, we consider Coulomb scatterings (t-channel) of the HQ with the light quarks, obtained from the imaginary part of the HQ self-energy via the cutting rules. Both the normalized (by T3) κ, and dE/dx, for charm quarks are larger than that for bottom quarks due to the larger mass of the latter. Also, the effect of B is more feeble on the bottom quark, compared to the charm quark. Comparatively, the magnitudes of both κ and dE/dx are significantly smaller for the case of v⊥B. For both the cases, our results show that the momentum transfer between the HQ and the medium takes place preferentially along the direction of HQ velocity, thus leading to a significant increase in the momentum-diffusion anisotropy, compared to B=0. We also calculate the (scaled) spatial diffusion coefficient, which we find to be independent of the heavy flavor mass and is almost unaffected by changes in B. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Analytical model and precise evaluation of multi-layer magnetic shielding performances considering ultra-weak magnetic properties

Regarding the vast difference between the design index and the actual performance of magnetic shielding devices, this paper proposes a novel method of using precise permeability under a specific weak magnetic field, aiming to improve the design accuracy of shielding performance. Firstly, the relative permeability of the permalloy is measured under the applied magnetic field from the geomagnetic field down to 1 nT. Next, the precise shielding coefficient formulas of the single- and double-layer spherical shells are derived. For the double-layer spherical shells, the deviation of remanence between considering the ultra-weak magnetic properties and using the constant permeability is 24.3%. This clarifies the necessity of considering the ultra-weak magnetic properties in multi-layer structures. Then, a new accurate method of the shielding coefficient for the finite-length magnetic shielding cylinder is proposed, with a deviation of less than 5%. Finally, this method has been validated again by remanence measurement of the three-layer magnetic shielding cylinders. The deviation between simulation and experiment is 4.03% when considering the ultra-weak magnetic properties. While using the constant permeability, the deviation is as high as 19.31%. Therefore, considering the ultra-weak magnetic properties in multi-layer structures can significantly improve the accuracy of the performance evaluation.

Construction of magnetic and photothermal wood membrane with asymmetric wettabilities and wind drift resistance for solar-driven seawater desalination and purification

To generate clean freshwater controllably and efficiently, Fe3O4/CNT nanomaterials and hydrophobic PVDF were introduced to delignified wood with man-made-cutting structure (D-Wood) in simple brushing method for constructing the magnetic and photothermal wood evaporator with asymmetric wettabilities and wind drift resistance. Such method could endow wood with various shapes design, outstanding magnetically sensitivity, remarkable photothermal conversion efficiency (129.08 %), high evaporation rate (1.92 kg·m−2·h−1), good dye degradability (97.23 %), and excellent wind resistance (6.6 m/s). The superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic bottom of Fe3O4/CNT/PVDF@D-Wood evaporator accelerated the bulk seawater transport during its evaporation procedure, but prevented the oil pollutants blocking the microchannels of evaporator during the long periods of flotation at sea. Meantime, its hydrophobic top could effectively reduce the downward diffusion of heat, and improve the salt tolerance. After 10 cycles of acid-base, ultrasound treatments and evaporating experiments, Fe3O4/CNT/PVDF@D-Wood evaporator still exhibited excellent evaporation rate and conversion efficiency, displaying remarkable repeatability and long-term durability. In weak magnetic field (3 V), its furthest response displacement and time were 5 cm and 41 s, respectively. After prolonged evaporation procedure, the magnetic responsivity of Fe3O4/CNT/PVDF@D-Wood evaporator could be in almost constant level, which offers a promising biomass product for seawater desalination and polluted-water purification.

A conclusive non-detection of magnetic field in the Am star o Peg with high-precision near-infrared spectroscopy

The A-type metallic-line (Am) stars are typically considered to be non-magnetic or to possess very weak sub-G magnetic fields. This view has been repeatedly challenged in the literature; most commonly for the bright hot Am star Several studies claim to have detected 1--2 kG field of unknown topology in this object, possibly indicating a new process of magnetic-field generation in intermediate-mass stars. In this study, we revisit the evidence of a strong magnetic field in using new high-resolution spectropolarimetric observations and advanced spectral fitting techniques. We estimated the mean magnetic field strength in from the high-precision CRyogenic InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph $) measurement of near-infrared (NIR) sulphur lines. We modelled this observation with a polarised radiative transfer code, including treatment of the departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium. In addition, we used the least-squares deconvolution multi-line technique to derive longitudinal field measurements from archival optical spectropolarimetric observations of this star. Our analysis of the NIR S i lines reveals no evidence of Zeeman broadening, ruling out magnetic field with a strength exceeding 260 G. This null result is compatible with the relative intensification of Fe ii lines in the optical spectrum, taking into account blending and uncertain atomic parameters of the relevant diagnostic transitions. Longitudinal field measurements on three different nights also yield null results with a precision of 2 G. This study refutes the claims of kG-strength dipolar or tangled magnetic field in This star therefore appears to be non-magnetic, with surface magnetic field characteristics no different from those of other Am stars.

Ni80Fe20 thickness optimization of magnetoplasmonic crystals for magnetic field sensing

A promising approach to enhance the transverse Kerr effect with potential applications in the detection of weak magnetic fields is the use of magnetoplasmonic crystals based on ferromagnetic metals. The sensitivity, measuring field range, and limit-of-detection of 1D magnetoplasmonic crystals with 5–20 nm thick Ni80Fe20 layers are analyzed in this study based on magnetic, optical, and magneto-optical characterization. The magnetoplasmonic crystal with 10 nm-thick Ni80Fe20 layer provided a sensitivity of 21.9 µV/mOe, a limit-of-detection of 3.6 mOe, and a measuring field range of 1.134 Oe. This sample was also utilized as a magnetic field probe to reconstruct the magnetic configuration of a multicore cable and a planar induction coil, thereby highlighting its potential for the visualization of DC magnetic fields.

Carbon dioxide and weak magnetic field enhance iron-carbon micro-electrolysis combined autotrophic denitrification

Combining iron-carbon micro-electrolysis and autotrophic denitrification is promising for nitrate removal from wastewater. In this study, four continuous reactors were constructed using CO2 and weak magnetic field (WMF) to address challenges like iron passivation and pH stability. In the reactors with CO2 + WMF (10 and 35 mT), the increase in total nitrogen removal efficiency was significantly higher (96.2 ± 1.6 % and 94.1 ± 2.7 %, respectively) than that of the control (51.6 ± 2.7 %), and Fe3O4 converted to low-density FeO(OH) and FeCO3, preventing passivation film formation. The WMF application decreased the N2O emissions flux by 8.7 % and 20.5 %, respectively. With CO2 + WMF, the relative enzyme activity and abundance of denitrifying bacteria, especially unclassified_Rhodocyclaceae and Denitratisoma, increased. Thus, this study demonstrates that CO2 and WMF optimize the nitrate removal process, significantly enhancing removal efficiency, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and improving process stability.

The formation of the magnetic symbiotic star FN Sgr

Context. There are several symbiotic stars (e.g., BF Cyg, Z And, and FN Sgr) in which periodic signals of tens of minutes have been detected. These periods have been interpreted as the spin period of magnetic white dwarfs that accrete through a magnetic stream originating from a truncated accretion disc. Aims. To shed light on the origin of magnetic symbiotic stars, we investigated the system FN Sgr in detail. We searched for a reasonable formation pathway to explain its stellar and binary parameters including the magnetic field of the accreting white dwarf. Methods. We used the MESA code to carry out pre-CE and post-CE binary evolution and determined the outcome of CE evolution assuming the energy formalism. For the origin and evolution of the white dwarf magnetic field, we adopted the crystallization scenario. Results. We found that FN Sgr can be explained as follows. First, a non-magnetic white dwarf is formed through CE evolution. Later, during post-CE evolution, the white dwarf starts to crystallize and a weak magnetic field is generated. After a few hundred million years, the magnetic field penetrates the white dwarf surface and becomes detectable. Meanwhile, its companion evolves and becomes an evolved red giant. Subsequently, the white dwarf accretes part of the angular momentum from the red giant stellar winds. As a result, the white dwarf spin period decreases and its magnetic field reaches super-equipartition, getting amplified due to a rotation- and crystallization-driven dynamo. The binary then evolves into a symbiotic star, with a magnetic white dwarf accreting from an evolved red giant through atmospheric Roche-lobe overflow. Conclusions. We conclude that the rotation- and crystallization-driven dynamo scenario, or any age-dependent scenario, can explain the origin of magnetic symbiotic stars reasonably well. This adds another piece to the pile of evidence supporting this scenario. If our formation channel is correct, our findings suggest that white dwarfs in most symbiotic stars formed through CE evolution might be magnetic, provided that the red giant has spent ≳3 Gyr as a main-sequence star.

Multiferroic neuromorphic computation devices

Neuromorphic computation is based on memristors, which function equivalently to neurons in brain structures. These memristors can be made more efficient and tailored to neuromorphic devices by using ferroelastic domain boundaries as fast diffusion paths for ionic conduction, such as of oxygen, sodium, or lithium. In this paper, we show that the local memristor generates a second, unexpected feature, namely, weak magnetic fields that emerge from moving ferroelastic needle domains and vortices. The vortices appear near ferroelastic “junctions” that are common when the external stimulus is a combination of electric fields and structural phase transitions. Many ferroelastic materials show such phase transitions near room temperatures so that device applications display a “multiferroic” scenario where the memristor is driven electrically and read magnetically. Our computer simulation study of an elastic spring model suggests magnetic fields in the order of 10−7 T, which opens the way for a fundamentally new way of running neuromorphic devices. The magnetism in such devices emerges entirely from intrinsic displacement currents and not from any intrinsic magnetism of the material.

Modeling the secular evolution of embedded protoplanetary disks

Context. Protoplanetary disks are known to form around nascent stars from their parent molecular cloud as a result of angular momentum conservation. As they progressively evolve and dissipate, they also form planets. While a lot of modeling efforts have been dedicated to their formation, the question of their secular evolution, from the so-called class 0 embedded phase to the class II phase where disks are believed to be isolated, remains poorly understood. Aims. We aim to explore the evolution between the embedded stages and the class II stage. We focus on the magnetic field evolution and the long-term interaction between the disk and the envelope. Methods. We used the GPU accelerated code IDEFIX to perform a 3D, barotropic, non ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) secular core collapse simulation that covers the system evolution from the collapse of the pre-stellar core until 100 kyr after the first hydrostatic core formation and the disk settling while ensuring sufficient vertical and azimuthal resolutions (down to 10−2 au) to properly resolve the disk internal dynamics and non axisymmetric perturbations. Results. The disk evolution leads to a power-law gas surface density in Keplerian rotation that extends up to a few 10 au. The magnetic flux trapped in the disk during the initial collapse decreases from 100 mG at disk formation down to 1 mG by the end of the simulation. After the formation of the first hydrostatic core, the system evolves in three phases. A first phase with a small (∼10 au), unstable, strongly accreting (∼ 10−5 M⊙ yr−1) disk that loses magnetic flux over the first 15 kyr, a second phase where the magnetic flux is advected with a smooth, expanding disk fed by the angular momentum of the infalling material, and a final phase with a gravitationally regulated ∼60 au disk accreting at at few 10−7 M⊙ yr−1. The initial isotropic envelope eventually feeds large-scale vertically extended accretion streamers, with accretion rates similar to that onto the protostar (∼ 10−6 M⊙ yr−1). Some of the streamer material collides with the disk’s outer edge and produces accretion shocks, but a significant fraction of the material lands on the disk surface without producing any noticeable discontinuity. Conclusions. While the initial disk size and magnetization are set by magnetic braking, self-gravity eventually drives accretion, so that the disk ends up in a gravitationally regulated state. This evolution from magnetic braking to self-gravity is due to the weak coupling between the gas and the magnetic field once the disk has settled. The weak magnetic field at the end of the class I phase (Bz ∼ 1 mG) is a result of the magnetic flux dilution in the disk as it expands from its initial relatively small size. This expansion should not be interpreted as a viscous expansion, as it is driven by newly accreted material from large-scale streamers with large specific angular momentum.

Extended Silicic Volcanism in the Gruithuisen Region—Revisiting the Composition and Thermophysical Properties of Gruithuisen Domes on the Moon

The formation mechanisms, extent, and compositions of red spots on the lunar surface have intrigued the lunar community for decades. By identifying a new dome and another silicic crater in the highlands nearby, we find that the silicic volcanism in the Gruithuisen region extends beyond the three major domes. Our observations indicate that the Gruithuisen domes have low iron and titanium contents. They are enveloped by ejecta from surrounding regions and host silica-rich material excavated by the young craters consistent with previous work. Our boulder maps of the Gamma dome display a high boulder count and indicate that the Diviner rock abundance maps are only sensitive to boulders larger than ∼2 m. The H-parameter values are sensitive to presence of rocks and may be a better indicator of rocks at submeter scales. The Delta dome has gentle slopes, lower rock abundance, and one young crater, and it could serve as a safe and scientifically valuable site for landing and exploration of the domes and nearby region. The dome also displays anomalously high H-parameter in the same region as the crater, indicating the potential presence of pyroclastic materials. We observe up to 200 ppm of OH/H2O on the domes and nearby mare despite the presence of a weak magnetic field to the south of Delta dome, further supporting the potential presence of pyroclastics in the region. This study could potentially aid in logistical and scientific decisions of the future NASA missions in the region.