Weak Economic Growth Research Articles

Center Digital Payment Systems and Their Impact on Global Economic Trends

The global economy has faced a significant slowdown or even stagnation due to multiple factors, including the spread of infectious diseases, natural disasters, intensified local conflicts, and wars. To address this decline and stimulate economic growth, countries worldwide have increasingly turned to digital payments. These technologies support economic development, enhance consumer spending, and enable economies to adapt to the rapidly changing global landscape. Digital payments have proven to be a crucial component in overcoming the prevailing weak economic growth. Cross-border e-commerce has expanded, allowing consumers to access the global marketplace, while digital payment systems have streamlined international transactions, facilitating easier participation in global trade. Moreover, the rise of digital currencies, particularly central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), presents a promising future where these currencies may dominate the global economy. As such, digital payments are poised to become a key trend, driving the next phase of global economic transformation.

An Analysis of the Economic Performance of Nepal’s Provinces

This study analyzes the economic performance of Nepal’s provinces by employing descriptive approach. Secondary data related to the key indicators showing economic performance of provinces, i.e. economic growth, per capita income, contribution to gross domestic product, expenditure and receipt were examined for the period 2018/19-2022/23. The findings reveal a concerning trend of weak economic growth across Nepal’s provinces. The per capita income of most of the provinces is low while provincial transfer dependency is high. Provinces were found to allocate relatively higher proportion of their budget to capital expenditure compared to re-current expenditure. Among the provinces, Bagmati, Gandaki and Koshi have relatively better economic performance compared to other provinces in terms of indicators considered.

Money Supply, Reaction Functions, Financial Markets and Macroeconomic Conditions

Monetary policy is a key driver of financial markets. The effects on financial markets are evident, not only around changes in monetary policy or Fed’s announcements but also, indirectly, around macroeconomic data releases, political events, international issues, and the “news”. The impact of inflation surprises on financial markets has an enormous effect over the past years, due to the high liquidity, low investment, and weak economic growth of the real sector of the economy. Investors, analysts, forecasters, economists, and policymakers have a keen interest in understanding how monetary policy and conditions in financial markets (Wall Street) affect economic activity (Main Street). To test this issue empirically, we can compare the current level of the central bank’s policy rate (federal funds rate) by using an augmenting reaction function and with a hypothetical neutral or expected or optimal interest rate. If the federal funds rate is excessively below its neutral (optimal) level, this indicates that monetary policy is ineffective, and it is the one that has caused the bubbles in the markets and the inflation. According to many estimates, this is lately, since 2008, the case for the U.S. economy.

Low Interest Rates and Uncreative Destruction in the Office Market

Abstract Low interest rates were introduced in the global economy to support the weak economic growth that followed the global financial crisis. In the real estate sector, low interest rates usually lead to a boom in investment and prices. This boom, however, is not spread throughout the economy, but rather concentrated in major cities. We demonstrate this phenomenon on the example of the office market in Warsaw (Poland). While it would be beneficial for the Polish economy to develop office space in smaller cities that have an insufficient supply of modern office space, investors have focused mainly on the capital. This has not only led to an increase in the cost of building land and construction, but has also pushed some relatively new existing office buildings off the market. We call such behaviour uncreative destruction and explain why it was possible.

The Role And Stategy Of Kopti Handayani In Developing A Weak Economy Through Tempe Tahu Craftsmanship In Salatiga, Central Java

The role of Koperasi Tempe Tahu Indonesia Kopti Handayani in helping to develop economically weak communities, which need to be empowered and developed. Kopti Handayani Salatiga became the research location with the aim of describing and explaining the role of Kopti Handayani Salatiga in helping to build the community's weak economy, and what strategies Kopti Handayani Salatiga implemented to empower and develop tahu tempe craftsmen for a better economic life. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The data was collected using documentation studies and literature deemed relevant and the results of direct in-depth interviews with related parties were then analyzed descriptively. The research results obtained are: Firstly, the role played by Kopti Handayani Salatiga, regarding his role as a facilitator, mediator and as a motivator, can run well. Second, from the results of the SWOT analysis, it is recommended that the role and strategy of Kopti Handayani be very perspective and have high hopes for development and can boost the weak economic growth of the people in Salatiga

Revenue Leakages and their Implications on the Nigeria’s Economic Development

This seminar paper examines revenue leakages and their implications on Nigeria’s economic development. Government revenue includes income from both oil and non-oil sources. Despite being one of the most developed and blessed countries, Nigeria is still grappling with persistent poverty and weak economic growth. The study investigates the major sources of revenue in Nigeria and explores the causes of revenue leakages affecting the country’s economic development. It also assesses the consequences of these leakages on the Nigerian economy. The paper applies the Keynesian theory proposed by John Maynard Keynes, suggesting that to achieve economic growth through taxing and government spending, policies need to be in place to generate necessary revenue for the country. Using an ex-post facto research design and relying on secondary sources of data like government and non-government publications, magazines, and journals, the study reveals that revenue leakages in Nigeria can hinder economic development by reducing government revenue, burdening citizens, and fostering corruption and inefficiency. The research also uncovers various methods through which revenue contributes to the economy. As a result, the study recommends the implementation of better governance and transparency policies to enhance financial transactions, budgeting procedures, and public procurement processes. These measures are crucial for addressing the identified challenges and promoting a more robust economic environment in Nigeria.

Daronomics: The Dynamics of Economic Dependency in Pakistan

An economist from Pakistan named Dr Ishrat Hussain created the word "daronomics" to describe the complicated connection between economic and political affairs in Pakistan. It stands out for its weak economic growth, sizable population, and complicated political system. Daronomics basically refers to Ishaq Dar's way of dealing with the economy of Pakistan. Daronomics refers to the valuation of local currency by artificially controlling the exchange rates. Daronomics has a significant impact on Pakistan's economy. The paper explores the linkage between economic dependence and foreign policy and identifies the problems in these two leading sectors of the state of Pakistan. This paper is based on data from secondary sources, including academic studies, journalistic sources, and reports from local, national, and international institutions and organizations. The research found that daronomics had been a critical term to Pakistan's dependency on foreign financial support.

The Global Issues of The Islamic Economic System: Study Of Islamic Philantrophy (Ziswaf) as a Strategy For 2023 Recession In Indonesia

Abstract
 Russia's Ukrainian conflict is not only a concern internationally but also a problem for the international market due to the threat of a food and energy crisis Moreover, the two countries are the world's largest producers and exporters of oil gas, and wheat. This resulted in a global recession, which was characterized by a decrease in economic activity, increased inflation, and weak economic growth. The threat of economic recession hits various countries because they cannot pay production costs and tend to have layoffs while increasing the national unemployment rate. This paper offers the instrument of Islamic philanthropy (Ziswaf) the means to deal with a global economic recession. Social funds (Ziswaf) are widely used for humane programs, especially for the economically weak, both consumptive and productive. This paper uses a narrative method of quantifiable research with literature obtained from books, newspapers, and other information media. In the paper, evidence of previous research will also be given as evidence that Ziswaf can become a strategy as well as a solution to face the 2023 economic recession. Moreover, if the Ziswaf funds are distributed properly and fairly, undoubtedly the unemployment and poverty rates are easily overcome.

The Smart Power of Abenomics: Shadows of Japanization and Long-term Challenges

This article discusses the main tasks of the smart power of Abenomics as the basis of the anti-crisis economic policy of modern Japan. The idea is argued that the Abe government proposed a program known as the “Three Arrows of Abenomics”, the implementation of which helped Japan get out of deflation, but the economic growth potential remained extremely low. This economic policy was unique in that the whole range of its measures was adapted to the specifics of the Japanese economy or Japanization. The experience of modern Japan in the fight against economic stagnation is undoubtedly very valuable for many countries. Having studied the main stages of economic policy, as well as the difficulties faced by Japan during its implementation, each country will develop its own strategy to combat the economic crisis and stagnation, adapted to the characteristics of each of the states. This article analyzes key aspects of the Abenomics economic reform package. In addition to characterizing individual measures, it focuses on the analysis of outcomes such as deflation, weak economic growth or labor market rigidity. The characteristic features of the so-called new arrows of Abenomics are identified and described, which respond to the successes achieved, as well as to the new challenges of the Japanese economy.

STRATEGY INCREASING FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN MEDAN CITY

Weak economic growth and low foreign investment coming into Medan City from 2018-2022 are the basis for selecting an effective strategy to be implemented in Medan City. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors and formulate an effective strategy for increasing foreign investment in the city of Medan. The method used in this study is the SWOT analysis method (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threats) and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) analysis. The results of the research analysis show that there are several strategies for increasing foreign investment in Medan City, namely: First, increasing the upstream-downstream industry partnership integration scheme in Medan City (0.415). Second, the preparation of regional incentive facility policies through the establishment of regional regulations (0.321). Third, developing green investment (green investment) in the city of Medan (0.136). Fourth, increasing information technology-based innovation to support potential leading sectors (0.128).

Global Public Debt Since 1995: Long-Term Trends, Current Phase, Medium-Term Outlook for Economic Growth

Topic. The paper aims to identify long-term trends in global public debt (since 1995), provide its current overview (the magnitude of debt, concentration levels among participants and instruments, risk factors in the current phase of debt accumulation) and estimate its impact on global economic development over the medium term. This analysis has significant scientific and practical relevance due to the unprecedented character of factors affecting global level of indebtedness in the past few years (the Covid-19 pandemic since 2020 and the biggest military conflict in Europe since the Second World War since 2022). Methods. The main sources for the research were reports, outlooks and data bases of national regulators and international organizations (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, Bank for International Settlements, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) concerning public debt, research in this field conducted by leading research centers and financial market participants. Results. Two major periods in global debt development over time are shown: 1995 – 2007-08 with stable relative global public debt level, and since 2008 – rising levels of public debt. High levels of concentration in the global debt market and even in higher degree the government securities market are analyzed. These markets are characterized by the highly uneven distribution of debt among advanced and developing economies, state and local governments (central governments are main borrowers), instruments (predominantly global debt is issued through bonds nominated in domestic currencies with a straight fix rate). Risk factors in the current (since 2010) wave of global debt accumulation are described: 1. the magnitude of accumulated debt, its higher rate of growth and distribution among countries; 2. debt accumulation during a prolonged period of weak economic growth and investment activity in the 2010s; 3. the consequences of Covid pandemic and the military conflict in Ukraine. Economic repercussions of a high level of the country’s indebtedness, including its threshold level, are shown. Many key participants of the global public debt market (especially advanced economies) are exposed beyond such threshold. Policy tools for reducing public debt are listed. Preliminary estimates of the medium-term impact of the global debt market conjuncture on global economic development are given. The existence of self-amplifying risks of global stagflation and public debt crisis is revealed. Discussion. The impact of extraordinary factors affecting economic development in the world from 2020 on the global public debt market requires further research.

Inflationary Effects, Exchange Rate and Economic Growth Rate in Kenya

Human civilization has always been centred on economic growth. Economic growth difficulties are the main focus of government policy and study in the modern, globalized world. Kenya's overarching goal is to become a middle-income nation that is both globally competitive and wealthy and provides its residents with a high quality of life. The Kenya Vision 2030 is the country's development strategy. Different perspectives on the relationship between inflation, exchange rate and economic growth have shown diverging results. This study's particular goals were to determine the effect of inflation and exchange rate on Kenya's economic growth using Keynesian theory. This study used explanatory research design and adopted positivism philosophy. Annual data from 1980 to 2019 giving 40 observations was used. Vector Error Correction (VECM) Model was customized in analyzing the long run and short-run contribution of macroeconomic variables and gross domestic product in Kenya. From the VECM model, R-square value was 58.62, Chi-square of 26.913 (p > Chi2 = 0.0494) showing VECM was fit for parameter estimation. The coefficient of exchange rate was -0.828 with a p-value of 0.001 while the coefficient of inflation was 0.055,p value=0.020.The findings of this study will provide good fiscal and monetary policy recommendations to the government as well as guidance on how to solve the issue of weak economic growth. Because economic growth is predicted to slow down when inflation exceeds a particular threshold, the nation must control inflation. The government should support macroeconomic policies that strengthen the stability of Kenya's exchange rate versus the major world trading currencies while aiming for an ideal level of inflation because foreign currency rates have a detrimental impact on economic growth in Kenya.

Reversing Years for Global Food Security: A Review of the Food Security Situation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

All around the world, inequalities persist in the complex web of social, economic, and ecological factors that mediate food security outcomes at different human and institutional scales. There have been rapid and continuous improvements in agricultural productivity and better food security in many regions of the world during the past 50 years due to an expansion in crop area, irrigation, and supportive policy and institutional initiatives. However, in Sub-Saharan Africa, the situation is inverted. Statistics show that food insecurity has risen since 2015 in Sub-Saharan African countries, and the situation has worsened owing to the Ukraine conflict and the ongoing implications of the COVID-19 threat. This review looks into multidimensional challenges to achieving the SDG2 goal of "End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture" in Sub-Saharan Africa and the prosper policy recommendations for action. Findings indicate that weak economic growth, gender inequality, high inflation, low crop productivity, low investment in irrigated agriculture and research, climate change, high population growth, poor policy frameworks, weak infrastructural development, and corruption are the major hurdles in the sustaining food security in Sub-Saharan Africa. Promoting investments in agricultural infrastructure and extension services together with implementing policies targeted at enhancing the households' purchasing power, especially those in rural regions, appear to be essential drivers for improving both food availability and food access.

The Portuguese Dilemma of Unstable Pensions

Portugal’s high public debt, its weak economic growth and its great attractiveness for foreign tourists are legend. Less well known is its unstable system of public pensions. This article addresses the underlying economic and political reasons, such as poor labour productivity, low real wages, insufficient immigration of trained people and the failure to find alternative ways of financing retirement. NextGenerationEU will effectively soften Portugal’s macroeconomic budget constraints, but it carries the risk of further postponement of necessary policy changes and reforms.

Observing Indonesia's Agrarian Conflict During The Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 epidemic has caused problems, especially in the economic field, which has an impact on the increasing number of residents at the local, national, and even global levels. It is also a health catastrophe throughout 2020. Long-term social distancing laws and restrictions on human movement and activities have rendered economic centers inoperable. Unusual events such as pandemics and reported weak economic growth cannot slow or even limit the rate at which companies acquire community land. According to the community, PSBB means complying with the government's request for restraint and creating a conducive environment by severely limiting mobility and activities outside the home. Meanwhile, Large-Scale Social Restrictions have become a driving force for the widespread appropriation of agrarian resources for large groups of companies with agrarian roots. Obviously, when the pandemic crisis is most severe and Large-Scale Social Restrictions are applied intensively, agrarian conflicts increase. Therefore, during the COVID-19 outbreak, agrarian disputes in Indonesia are very important to watch out for.

Forecasting Unemployment Rate in Malaysia Using Box-Jenkins Methodology during Covid-19 Outbreak

The economic dimension has revealed that weak economic growth is one of the causes of unemployment and is related to GDP. Forecasting the unemployment rate is essential and is an important determinant of monetary policy decisions and needs to be addressed. This study is conducted to identify whether novel coronavirus 2019, COVID-19 affects Malaysia’s unemployment rate and forecast the rate for the next two years. The Box-Jenkins approach uses the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test to stabilize the data. After reducing the trend pattern of the partial autocorrelation coefficient, the ARIMA prediction method ARIMA (2,1,2) was selected as the best model to apply to the unemployment rate time series data. As a result, the projected unemployment rate graph showed a steady increase over the next two years. For future research, it is recommended to consider factors such as inflation, growth domestic product and employment to predict this value to improve results.

Financing malaria.

The faltering of progress towards malaria elimination follows a plateauing in international financing since 2010. Despite calls for increased international financing, this will be hard to achieve. Both developed country donors and developing countries with malaria face severe fiscal constraints in expanding malaria funding in the next few years. Simply exhorting countries to spend more is unlikely to be successful, just as the Abuja declaration was not, and the developing countries with most malaria burden suffer from weaker economic growth and less capacity to increase domestic financing. One major prospect for substantial new financing is China, but this may depend on established funders yielding influence in the global financing architecture to China and other emerging economies. This argues for greater emphasis on spending available financing better, but improving the impact of international funding is not straightforward. It is associated with significant transaction costs for recipients, impairs the ability of the WHO to coordinate global efforts, and may pressure recipient countries to focus more on commodities and easy wins instead of investing in health systems and management capacity. While more should be done to mitigate these perverse effects, much of this is the unavoidable price of such generosity and the inevitable need for accountability to funders. Ultimately, countries must do more with their own spending, which is often under-counted, but usually far exceeds the international contribution. The experience of Sri Lanka, El Salvador, and China-three countries that eliminated malaria-provides two pointers. First, achieving early and widespread treatment of most malaria cases, which is not the case in much of high burden Africa, may be critical to sustain accelerated elimination. Second, such coverage requires health systems that prioritize access for all services and conditions. Public opinion surveys indicate that this is consistent with what much of the affected population wants, prioritizes, and is willing to finance through higher taxes, which points to weaknesses in accountability of policy to people. International funders could do better to heed what affected populations want and let local partners be responsive to their own public's preferences.

Practical Applications of The Outlook for Endowment and Pension Funds

For decades, a 60/40 equity/bond allocation has been the favored allocation method for endowment and pension fund managers. In <ext-link><italic><bold>The Outlook for Endowment and Pension Funds</bold></italic></ext-link>, from the Summer 2021 issue of <italic><bold>The Journal of Wealth Management</bold></italic>, <bold>Haim Mozes</bold>, a professor of accounting at <bold>Fordham University’s Gabelli School of Business,</bold> and <bold>John Steffens</bold>, a founder and managing member of <bold>Spring Mountain Capital</bold>, formulate an outlook for the future performance of the 60/40 allocation. Mozes and Steffens identify the economic conditions that drove the 60/40 allocation’s past success and then forecast future economic scenarios. Most significant to the future performance of endowment and pension funds is the possible scenario of continued low bond yields coupled with low economic growth. In that scenario, low bond yields would produce weak returns on bonds while weak economic growth would produce poor returns on equities; the overall performance of the 60/40 allocation would be weak. The authors assess the strategies that funds are considering in order to meet their target objectives in the event of such a scenario, including increasing allocations to public equities and other risky assets.

Comparative Analysis of Banking Financial Performance Pre and Post Covid-19 Pandemic

Covid-19 struck the Indonesian banking industry in particular ASEAN, through the weaker economic growth, which resulted in a slowdown in credit growth and eventually reduce profitability. This study aimed to analyze the financial performance of banks before and after the occurrence of a covid-19 pandemic and formulate alternative strategies to improve the financial performance of Indonesian banks. The study sample consisted of four banks with saturated sampling method (census) are owned banks (State Bank) listed on the Stock Exchange Indonesia. The data in this research is secondary data obtained from the bank's annual report period 2019 until the second quarter of 2020 which is accessed via the IDX website. Performance is measured using the six financial ratios namely ROA, BOPO, NPL, NIM, CAR and LDR with different test analysis method (Paired T-Test). The study found that in the form of financial ratios ROA, BOPO, CAR and LDR pre and post Covid-19 pandemics have significantly different values, while the NPL and NIM did not differ significantly.

Risk Assessment of OFDI for Technology‐Based Enterprises under the Background of “One Belt One Road”

With the proposal of “One Belt One Road” initiative, more and more technology‐driven enterprises in China are going abroad for foreign direct investment (FDI). But at the same time, due to the special geographical location of the countries along the “Belt and Road,” the turbulent geopolitical pattern, weak economic growth, and constant conflicts between religious civilizations, all these will make Chinese technology‐driven enterprises’ investment in the countries along the “Belt and Road” face a nonnegligible risk. Thus, how to correctly assess and reasonably prevent OFDI risk has become urgent task for enterprises. This paper takes 20 countries along the “Belt and Road” as the research object and combines the characteristics of technology‐oriented enterprises to determine the risk assessment indicators at all levels from four aspects: politics and policy, economy and finance, society and culture, and technological risks. Using fuzzy cluster analysis, the countries along the “Belt and Road” are classified into four groups: low, medium‐low, medium‐high, and high risks and corresponding countermeasures are proposed. Technology‐oriented enterprises should raise their political risk awareness, comprehensively assess the economic and financial environment of host countries before making FDIs, implement “localized” operation and management, and pay attention to the protection of intellectual property rights.