Weak Dimension Research Articles

Sustainable development strategy for cultural heritage conservation of Hengshan cliff carving in Hunan province, people's republic of China

Stone carving is unique to the People's Republic of China (PRC) and has a long history of use. Therefore, it is the focus of research on sustainable development strategy for Hengshan Cliff Conservation carving cultural heritage calligraphy in Hunan Province, People's Republic of China. The objectives of this research are (1) to study and analyze the conservation status of the cultural heritage of the Hengshan cliff carving. (2) Analyze and synthesize sustainable calligraphy cultural heritage development strategies for the conservation of the Hengshan cliff carvings. (3) Evaluate a strategy for the development of sustainable calligraphy cultural heritage for the conservation of Hengshan cliff carvings. This study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative research uses literature reviews related to cultural heritage conservation and sustainable development and interviews with stakeholders. Quantitative research uses survey methods distributed to experts in the field of Hengshan cliff carving calligraphy and to site visitors. The results showed that: (1) the preservation of Hengshan cliff carving calligraphy cultural heritage today has challenges and opportunities that have significant strengths and weaknesses. (2) The analysis and synthesis of sustainable development strategies on the key issues of environmental protection, preservation of cultural values, community participation, and policy support are important for the formulation of effective conservation strategies. (3) A sustainable development strategy is formulated and evaluated based on the indicators identified in the strategic area, including recommendations for improving conservation practices. However, from the questionnaires and 404 sets of samples collected, as well as interviews with experts and related parties, it can be summarized in an overview of various dimensions. The strength dimension was determined to be the average and standard deviation (4.480.43). The weak dimension has an average and standard deviation (4.480.44). The second-highest opportunity dimension was averaged and the standard deviation (4.400.44). The threat dimension was at the lowest level, with average and standard deviations (4.300.52). This indicates that respondents generally believe that the cultural heritage of Hengshan Cliff calligraphy is balanced in terms of strengths and weaknesses and that there are still opportunities for improvement, but the threats faced should not be ignored.

Weak dimension of power series rings over valuation rings

We examine the power series ring R[[X]] over a valuation ring R of rank 1, with proper, dense value group. We give a counterexample to Hilbert's syzygy theorem for R[[X]], i.e. an R[[X]]-module C that is flat over R and has flat dimension at least 2 over R[[X]], contradicting a previously published result. The key ingredient in our construction is an exploration of the valuation theory of R[[X]]. We also use this theory to give a new proof that R[[X]] is not a coherent ring, a fact which is essential in our construction of the module C.

Health and social care managers' self-assessed competence in knowledge management: A descriptive cross-sectional study.

To describe health and social care managers' self-assessed competence in knowledge management and the factors associated with management competence. It has been shown that the performance of an organization is as good as the competence of its managers, so health and social care managers' competence in knowledge management should be assessed to improve organizational performance. A descriptive cross-sectional design. A total of 116 managers participated from six Finnish public health and social care organizations. The data were collected in February and August 2022 using the managers' competence in knowledge management (MCKM) instrument and analysed using descriptive statistical methods. Health and social care managers rated their self-reported total competence in knowledge management as good. Among the dimensions of knowledge management competence, managing a culture of competence received the highest rating, while planning competence development and cooperation was perceived as the weakest dimension. The results indicate that background factors such as the healthcare setting, the number of units managed and the number of direct staff had a statistically significant association with the health and social care managers' self-assessed competence in planning competence development and cooperation. Even though the health and social care managers' total self-assessed competence level in knowledge management was rated as good, the results underscore the significance of continuous competence development among these managers in all dimensions of knowledge management. By enhancing and clarifying managers' tasks and competence in knowledge management, managers can increase staff retention, attractiveness and work well-being. The results can be utilized to identify managers' strengths and weaknesses in knowledge management and, thus, effectively target their limited competence development resources. The STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. There is no patient or public contribution.

Measuring food system sustainability in Ethiopia: Towards a Multi-Dimensional perspective

In the face of continuous population growth, environmental degradation, climate extremes and enduring abject poverty, ensuring sustainability of the food system is of crucial importance. As such, developing a comprehensive measure of sustainability has been of a great interest for both researchers and policy makers so as to measure progresses and evaluate the outcomes overtime. This paper attempts to assess the food system sustainability (FSSI) in Ethiopia over the past two decades from 2001 to 2020. A composite index was constructed by aggregating 24 selected food system indicators in the four food system dimensions: environmental, economic, social, and food and nutrition security. ‘Distance to a Reference’ method was employed for data normalization, whereas equal weighting and linear aggregation methods were used for aggregating the indicators in each dimension. The result showed that in a scale from 0 to 1, better score was achieved in the social dimension (0.66), followed by environmental dimension (0.52), and food and nutrition dimension (0.43), with the least recorded in the economic dimension (0.31) in 2020. The overall Food System Sustainability Index for the most recent year (2020) was estimated to be 0.46 which is far below a satisfactory level of food system sustainability (0.75) as per OECD Classification of Sustainability Indices. The result calls for policy interventions aimed at improving the overall food system sustainability in light of the four food system dimensions, in general, and the weak dimensions, in particular. Given the predictable need for more food production in the face of growing populace, interventions that enhance synergies and limit the potential trade-off among the food system outcomes, as well as striking the right balance should be the policy direction for Ethiopia.

Human presencing: an alternative perspective on human embodiment and its implications for technology

Abstract Human presencing explores how people’s past encounters with others shape their present actions. In this paper, I present an alternative perspective on human embodiment in which the re-evoking of the absent can be traced to the intricate interplay of bodily dynamics. By situating the phenomenon within distributed, embodied, and dialogic approaches to language and cognition, I am overcoming the theoretical and methodological challenges involved in perceiving and acting upon what is not perceptually present. In a case study, I present strong and weak dimensions of human presencing. In the former, a person uses their body in distinct ways and shapes their immediate ecology to make others present to them. In contrast, in the latter, a person’s past encounter with others powerfully shapes the projections they make onto written digital inscriptions. These findings have implications for how people act in online learning environments and how human activity shapes the machines we use every day. In this way, the paper highlights the complexity of a person as a social being and allows for different approaches to human embodiment in technology.

Service Quality of Selected Resorts in the Central Philippines

The state of the hotels, resorts, and restaurant industry is dependent upon the quality of service exhibited by its frontliners and personnel. This study is to measure the service quality of selected resorts in the Municipality of Dauin, province of Negros Oriental, Philippines using a descriptive-correlational design. 120 customers of the six selected resorts that served as the respondents of this research. This study aims to measure the levels of customer satisfaction using the five dimensions of service quality: tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Data were collected mainly from the six selected resorts, after which results were tabulated, presented, analyzed, and interpreted. The findings show that tangibility is the weakest dimension while assurance is the strongest dimension of service quality. This implies that the level of satisfaction in all dimensions is yielding a positive SERVQUAL response. Hence, customers were satisfied with all dimensions of service quality.

The importance of strengthening land law enforcement in regulation of land registration

Currently, strengthening land law enforcement in regulation of land registrations is very crucial (Chen et al., 2021; Ginting, 2020). This article illustrates the results of a review of qualitative data analysis (QDA) by analyzing primary and secondary data from observations, documentation, and interviews with key informants which include actors such as government, private sector, academia, and society through NVivo 12 Plus tools which includes a discussion regarding the complexity of the regulation in the land registration and the urgency of strengthening land law enforcement in regulation of land registration. According to the findings of this study, the existence of land in forest regions (35.71 percent), land on riverbanks (35.71 percent), and absentee land (28.58 percent) adds to the complexity of implementing land registration in Riau Province. Then, the complexity of strengthening land law enforcement in Riau Province is dominated by the wide dimensions of the regulatory area (40.00 percent), followed by the weak dimension of law enforcement (33.33 percent), and the high frequency of violations (26.67 percent). Our findings illustrate the importance of strengthening land law enforcement in overcoming the complexity of the land registration sector which seeks to encourage the growing awareness of law enforcers regarding the need for systematic improvements in aspects of land law and law enforcement officials.

Official Statistics and Big Data Processing with Artificial Intelligence: Capacity Indicators for Public Sector Organizations

Efficient monitoring and achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has increased the need for a variety of data and statistics. The massive increase in data gathering through social networks, traditional business systems, and Internet of Things (IoT)-based sensor devices raises real questions regarding the capacity of national statistical systems (NSS) for utilizing big data sources. Further, in this current era, big data is captured through sensor-based systems in public sector organizations. To gauge the capacity of public sector institutions in this regard, this work provides an indicator to monitor the processing capacity of the public sector organizations within the country (Pakistan). Some of the indicators related to measuring the capacity of the NSS were captured through a census-based survey. At the same time, convex logistic principal component analysis was used to develop scores and relative capacity indicators. The findings show that most organizations hesitate to disseminate data due to concerns about data privacy and that public sector organizations’ IT personnel are unable to deal with big data sources to generate official statistics. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques can be used to overcome these challenges, such as automating data processing, improving data privacy and security, and enhancing the capabilities of IT human resources. This research helps to design capacity-building initiatives for public sector organizations in weak dimensions, focusing on leveraging AI to enhance the production of quality and reliable statistics.

Assessing the quality of hospital outpatient services in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundQuality healthcare services are considered one of the most effective vehicles for healthcare managers to achieve organizational goals. Therefore, this study aimed to combine the findings of comparable studies to identify consistencies and contradictions in the quality of outpatient services in Iran.MethodsThe current systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted in 2022 according to PRISMA guideline. All relevant English and Persian studies were searched in databases, including Web of Sciences, PubMed, Scopus, Scientific Information Database, and Magiran. No year restriction was applied. The quality of the studies was assessed by the 22-item Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist. The meta-analysis was conducted by using Open Meta Analyst, and between-study heterogeneity was investigated with I-squared statistic.ResultsOf the 106 retrieved articles, seven studies with a total sample size of 2600 were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of mean for overall perception was 3.95 (95% CI: 3.34- 4.55, P< 0.001, I2= 99.97), while the pooled estimate of the mean for the overall expectation was 4.43 (95% CI: 4.11- 4.75, P< 0.001, I2= 99.93). The highest and lowest perception mean scores were related to tangibility (3.52, Gap= -0.86) and responsiveness (3.30, Gap= -1.04) dimensions.ConclusionResponsiveness was identified as the weakest dimension. Therefore, managers are recommended to design suitable workforce-development programs which focus on the provision of timely and prompt services, polite and courteous interactions with patients, and prioritization of patients’ needs. Moreover, training public sector practitioners along with incentives can fill up the existing gaps.

Assessing the Spatiotemporal Development of Ecological Civilization for China’s Sustainable Development

The ecological civilization strategy in China has accelerated its national sustainability. However, few systematic evaluations of Chinese Ecological Civilization Construction (ECC) have provided detailed and timely information regarding estimations of the sustainable development levels. Here, we combined indicators and policies of the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs) with Chinese ecological civilization and built an integrated assessment system with mixed indicators for evaluating the sustainable development levels in five dimensions (i.e., economy, society, ecology, culture, and institutions). Based on the acquired sustainability index from the system, we revealed the spatiotemporal transitions at the national and provincial levels from 2005 to 2019 in China. Specifically, both the national and provincial ECC temporally increased in this period, while spatially, the development performance of ECC was differentiated across provinces and regions. In particular, sustainable trajectories in east China and coastal regions presented better than the west and inland. Moreover, we identified the different dimensional contributions between the top and bottom provinces in ECC development. The results showed that the institutional, social, and cultural dimensions created more effects than the economic and ecological dimensions. By analyzing the provincial development patterns, we recommend the comprehensive development of ECC across the five dimensions and suggest that addressing weak dimensions is a priority. The proposed system will elevate the sustainable development strategies and pave the way for the broadening of the framework’s application to other regions and countries in the future.

Example of a Highly Branching CD Space

In Ketterer and Rajala (Potential Anal 42:645–655, 2014) showed an example of metric measure space, satisfying the measure contraction property mathsf {MCP}(0,3), that has different topological dimensions at different regions of the space. In this article I propose a refinement of that example, which satisfies the mathsf {CD}(0,infty ) condition, proving the non-constancy of topological dimension for CD spaces. This example also shows that the weak curvature dimension bound, in the sense of Lott–Sturm–Villani, is not sufficient to deduce any reasonable non-branching condition. Moreover, it allows to answer to some open question proposed by Schultz in (Calc Var Partial Differ Equ 57:1–11, 2018), about strict curvature dimension bounds and their stability with respect to the measured Gromov–Hausdorff convergence.

Absolutely w-Pure Modules and Weak FP-Injective Dimensions

Absolutely w-Pure Modules and Weak FP-Injective Dimensions

The New Pact on Migration and Asylum: A Strong External and A Weak Internal Dimension?

The New Pact on Migration and Asylum: A Strong External and A Weak Internal Dimension?

An Upper Bound for the w-Weak Global Dimension of Pullbacks

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative ring with identity and [Formula: see text] an ideal of [Formula: see text]. We introduce and study the [Formula: see text]-weak global dimension [Formula: see text] of the factor ring [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be a [Formula: see text]-linked extension of [Formula: see text], and we also introduce the [Formula: see text]-weak global dimension [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. We show that the ring [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] is exactly a field and the ring [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] is exactly a [Formula: see text]. As an application, we give an upper bound for the [Formula: see text]-weak global dimension of a Cartesian square [Formula: see text]. More precisely, if [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-linked over [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, for a Milnor square [Formula: see text], we obtain [Formula: see text].

Being ‘in Christ’ in the Letters of Paul.

Being ‘in Christ’ in the Letters of Paul.

Smartphone application for adolescents with anorexia nervosa: an initial acceptability and user experience evaluation

BackgroundAnorexia Nervosa (AN) is a key target for E-Health programs considering the many barriers hindering patients’ access to care and the disorder’s severity. Although these programs have become more common and effective, they often have low adherence, especially among youth. This can hinder their implementation and effectiveness in real-world settings. User experience partly overlaps with the acceptability field and may provide insight into factors affecting adherence and adoption of E-Health programs. This study aimed to explore early acceptability and user experience of a companion app prototype for adolescents with AN using user-centered design methods.MethodsWe developed a prototype containing self-help material and emotions and behaviors evaluation and management features. Then we conducted a mixed evaluation combining semi structured focus group interviews and questionnaires in a clinician group and an AN patient group. We analyzed data using thematic analysis and descriptive statistics.ResultsThe app’s overall appeal was adequate. The user experience questionnaire revealed the weakest dimensions, including novelty, dependability, and efficiency versus stimulation (i.e., ability to induce motivation to use the product) and perspicuity (i.e., easy to understand, to get familiar with). The qualitative data analysis revealed three central axes: acceptability, features, and use. We identified acceptability barriers and facilitators such as the importance of design and customization, especially for adolescents. Psychoeducation was a major feature for participants, as patients highlighted the difficulties they encountered when seeking disorders-related information.ConclusionsThis study shows the importance of including users in the different stages of an e-health intervention development, in order to identify their needs, general use and compliance patterns, to improve adherence and adoption of the program and its effectiveness.

On $n$-phantom and $n$-Ext-phantom Morphisms

This paper extends many conclusions based on phantom envelopes and Ext-phantom covers of modules, and we find that many important properties still hold after replacing phantom and Ext-phantom with $n$-phantom and $n$-Ext-phantom respectively. In addition, we also obtain some extra results. Specifically, we give a characterization of the weak dimensions of rings in terms of $n$-phantom envelopes and $n$-Ext-phantom covers of modules with the unique mapping property respectively. We show that $\operatorname{wD}(R) \leq 2n$ whenever every right $R$-module has an $n$-phantom envelope with the unique mapping property or every left $R$-module has an $n$-Ext-phantom cover with the unique mapping property over left coherent rings.

Weak and injective dimensional analogues of Kaplansky’s and Auslander’s lemmas for purity

We prove a stronger form of an analogue of a Kaplansky lemma on homological dimensions by showing that in a pure-exact sequence $0 \to A \to B \to C \to 0$, the weak dimensions of the modules satisfy $ {\rm w.d.} B = \max\{{\rm w.d.} A, {\rm w.d.} C\}$. We also show that the same equality holds for the injective dimensions whenever the ring is noetherian. In addition, a version of Auslander's lemma for chains of pure submodules $M_{\rho}$ is proved: the weak dimension of the union of the chain equals the supremum of the weak dimensions of the factor modules $M_{\rho+1}/ M_{\rho}$ in the chain. The same holds for injective dimensions if the ring is noetherian.

Information, Media and Technology Skills in terms of Curricula, Process and Product in Middle and High Schools

The aim of this study is to examine how middle and high school curricula and practices support students to acquire information, media and technology skills. In the qualitative dimension of the study which was designed according to the mixed method, document analysis, observation and interview were used. The 23-itemed Information, Media and Technology Skills Competency Scale was used for the quantitative dimension of the study. Content analysis was performed for analysing the curricula, data obtained through observations and interviews. In the analysis of the data obtained from the scale, frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean and standard deviation values were used in the central and prevalence measurements. The results of the curricula analysis show that problem solving and information and data literacy skills were outnumbered in all analysed curricula. The activities carried out in the classroom during the observation and interview process were mostly related to information and media literacy and problem solving. According to the results of the scale; middle and high school students considered themselves to be relatively moderate in their information, media and technology skills. While the highest score of the students was of information and data literacy; programming skills were the weakest dimension.

INFORMATION, MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY SKILLS OF SPORT SCIENCES STUDENTS

Although there have been initiatives for students to acquire proper 21st century skills in association with technology in Turkey for a long time, research on the information, media and technology skills of sport sciences undergraduates is limited. This study examines the competency levels of sport science undergraduates on information, media and technology skills, and the relationship between their competency levels and certain variables such as gender, departments, grades, personal computer (PC) possession and internet access. In the process of the implementation of the Information, Media and Technology Skills Competency scale, the sample of the study was composed of 298 sport sciences undergraduates. In the analysis of the data obtained from the scale, frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean and standard deviation values were used in the central and prevalence measurements. According to the results of the scale; sport sciences undergraduate students considered themselves to be moderate in their information, media and technology skills. While the highest score of the students was of communication and collaboration; programming skills were emerged as the weakest dimension. It was found that there are significant correlations between their competency levels and certain variables such as grade, PC possession and internet access.