Weak Basis Research Articles

PSVIII-6 Animal Science’s Challenge and Opportunity

Abstract Knowledge of the global epidemic of metabolic syndrome provides animal scientists with an opportunity to improve their health and that of their communities; increase awareness and support of their disciplines and efforts; and support truly sustainable food systems and economic development. This presentation will expand these arguments. Professionals within the disciplines of animal science must push back against those who oppose animal agriculture, particularly by refuting the dietary messaging accusing animal source foods of being health hazards. Official dietary policy for almost half a century has been explicitly anti-animal products, despite a growing body of scientific evidence refuting these recommendations. Animal science undergraduates receive more training in nutrition than medical students. Animal nutrition is a functional scientific discipline. Swine nutritionists have a more advanced understanding of amino acid nutrition in monogastrics than many human nutritionists. Human nutrition has necessarily relied on observational studies, which are widely recognized as being of low scientific quality. Serious conflicts of interests exist within the field of human nutrition. The leadership of the human nutrition community has failed to: acknowledge the weak scientific basis of their dietary guidance; incorporate the highest-quality scientific evidence available into their guidance and policies; and address a global epidemic – metabolic syndrome (hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance). According to the CDC, more than 34% of adults in the Midwestern US region are obese (Body Mass Index ³ 30). Odds are that a significant proportion of our fellow Midwest Section members are afflicted with metabolic syndrome, most of them unaware of their condition and its risks. Likewise in the communities we serve. We have an opportunity, and in light of the failures of human nutrition, a responsibility to: stop accepting their pronouncements; stop citing them in our research; and challenge their legitimacy wherever possible.

Flavor specific [formula omitted] gauge model for muon g − 2 and [formula omitted] anomalies

The muon (g−2)μ and b→sμ¯μ induced B anomalies as hints of new physics beyond the standard model (SM) have attracted much attention. These two anomalies indicate that there may exist new interaction specifically related to muon. A lot of theoretical ideas have been proposed to explain these anomalies. Gauged flavor specific U(1)Bq−Lμ is among the promising ones. The new gauge boson Z′ from U(1)Bq−Lμ interacts with muon and provides necessary ingredient to solve the (g−2)μ anomaly. The Z′-quark coupling can generate flavor changing interactions after diagonalization of quark mass matrix between weak eigen-state and mass eigen-state basis. We revisit challenges for such models attempting to explain the (g−2)μ and B anomalies separately or simultaneously. We find although for U(1)Bq−Lμ models there is still parameter space to provide solutions for separately explaining the (g−2)μ and B anomalies, there exists no parameter space for such models to solve both the anomalies simultaneously, after taking into account existing constraints from τ→μγ, τ→3μ, neutrino trident and Bs−B¯s data. Among them leptonic processes restrict Z′ mass to be less than a few hundred MeV if required to solve the (g−2)μ anomaly, which causes conflict between data from Bs−B¯s, D0−D¯0 mixing and also hadron decays with Z′ in the final states. The effects of U(1)Y and U(1)Bq−Lμ kinetic mixing on these anomalies are also studied. We find that neither can these effects do much to bring the two anomalies together to be solved simultaneously.

Structure of octonionic Hilbert spaces with applications in the Parseval equality and Cayley–Dickson algebras

Contrary to the simple structure of the tensor product of the quaternionic Hilbert space, the octonionic situation becomes more involved. It turns out that an octonionic Hilbert space can be decomposed as an orthogonal direct sum of two subspaces, each of them isomorphic to a tensor product of an irreducible octonionic Hilbert space with a real Hilbert space. As an application, we find that for a given orthogonal basis, the octonionic Parseval equality holds if and only if the basis is weak associative. Fortunately, there always exists a weak associative orthogonal basis in an octonionic Hilbert space. This completely removes the obstacles caused by the failure of the octonionic Parseval equality.

Hydrologic similarity based on width function and hypsometry: An unsupervised learning approach

The prediction of hydrologic conditions in watersheds has manifold applications, ranging from flood disaster preparedness to water supply and environmental flow management. In watersheds with scarce or no flow data, it is difficult to make accurate hydrologic predictions. Past work has used similarity in single-valued properties of the terrain (for example, drainage area, mean slope) as the basis to relate flow conditions in gauged watersheds to the ungauged ones. The resulting predictions show modest accuracy and have a weak physical basis. In this study, we develop a physics-informed machine learning approach to extract features that represent the hydrologic dynamics — width function and hypsometric curve. These two geomorphometric measures are computed using functional forms fitted to estimates derived from digital elevation data. Furthermore, dynamically-similar groups are identified based on results from unsupervised clustering and divergence measures. Our approach paves the way towards a flexible and scalable machine learning approach that can be used to assess hydrologic similarity and improve prediction, one informed by physics of surface flow generation and transport in watersheds. A case study involving 72 sub-watersheds in the Narmada River Basin (India) is used to illustrate the new methodology.

52 Metabolic Syndrome: Animal Science’s Challenge and Opportunity

Abstract Knowledge of the global epidemic of metabolic syndrome provides animal scientists with an opportunity to improve their health and that of their communities; increase awareness and support of their disciplines and efforts; and support truly sustainable food systems and economic development. This presentation will expand these arguments. Professionals within the disciplines of animal science must push back against those who oppose animal agriculture, particularly by refuting the dietary messaging accusing animal source foods of being health hazards. Official dietary policy for almost half a century has been explicitly anti-animal products, despite a growing body of scientific evidence refuting these recommendations. Animal science undergraduates receive more training in nutrition than medical students. Animal nutrition is a functional scientific discipline. Swine nutritionists have a more advanced understanding of amino acid nutrition in monogastrics than many human nutritionists. Human nutrition has necessarily relied on observational studies, which are widely recognized as being of low scientific quality. Serious conflicts of interests exist within the field of human nutrition. The leadership of the human nutrition community has failed to: acknowledge the weak scientific basis of their dietary guidance; incorporate the highest-quality scientific evidence available into their guidance and policies; and address a global epidemic – metabolic syndrome (hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance). According to the CDC, more than 34% of adults in the Southern US region obese (Body Mass Index ³ 30). Odds are that a significant proportion of our fellow Southern Section members are afflicted with metabolic syndrome, most of them unaware of their condition and its risks. Likewise in the communities we serve. We have an opportunity, and in light of the failures of human nutrition, a responsibility to: stop accepting their pronouncements; stop citing them in our research; and challenge their legitimacy wherever possible.

An Interdisciplinary Dialogue with the Business and Human Rights Literature

The article draws on scholarships in the areas of international law, inequality and energy justice to engage in a dialogue with the business and human rights literature, from the perspective of the global south and Latin America, in particular. It engages with Gwynne Skinner's monograph about overcoming barriers to judicial remedy for corporate abuses of human rights. Skinner argues that if victims of these abuses cannot secure remedy in the countries in which the abuses occur – because of weak or corrupt institutions, among other factors – then the victims have a right to remedy in the home countries of the corporations and in countries in which they may conduct business – specifically, the United States, Canada and Europe. Skinner recommends that new legislation be introduced in these countries to ensure that their courts have jurisdiction to hear cases, under international human rights law, even when the cases have little or no links with the forum countries. I argue that a more robust international law and interdisciplinary approach shows that international human rights law alone provides a weak basis for the recommendations. I also reflect on part of the narrative that supports Skinner's argument, which builds a negative image of the courts in developing countries, to argue that this is unnecessary and that expansions of the bases of jurisdiction should be implemented on specific and stronger reasons.

Building knowledge by mapping model uncertainty in six studies of social and financial performance

AbstractResearch SummaryMany scholars bemoan the difficulty of learning from individual research reports. Replication is often prescribed as a salve, but few replications are conducted, and even fewer allow the formation of a coherent understanding. In this article, we propose a complement to replication that emphasizes the mapping of epistemic uncertainties. We demonstrate our approach by exploring the results of six related studies on the link between social and financial performance. We show that our method allows the synthesis of seemingly conflicting findings, and we propose that it should be used proactively, prior to replication, to speed the growth of knowledge.Managerial SummaryAny single empirical study provides a weak basis for inference. As a result, scholars advocate repeated analysis of important issues, but evidence from replications can be hard to integrate into a coherent understanding. For example, six important studies of the link between corporate social and financial performance have been published in this journal, but their conflicting results have defied integration. We show that a new approach to empirical research allows their reconciliation: all six suggest that across firms, social and financial performance are correlated but that improvements in social performance seldom precede increased financial performance.

АНТИКРИЗОВЕ ДЕРЖАВНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІКИ У ІНДОНЕЗІЇ В УМОВАХ ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19

The article is devoted to the analysis of models of state regulation of the economy, which have been implemented in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemics period. The statistics of economic development (GDP and GDP per capita and other major social and economic indicators) during the COVID-19 pandemics period of Indonesia are analyzed and several graphs and tables have been created for the scientific research purposes. The economy of Indonesia managed to overcome the COVID-19-elated world 2020 economic crisis with relatively good economic indicators – the fall of the Indonesian GDP was only 2,1% in 2020, which is quite a good economic indicator compared to many other countries in the region and in the world. Throughout the article the comparative analysis of successes and failures of different models of state regulation during the COVID-19 pandemics is given. The article provides comparative tables of the major social and economic indicators of Indonesia and other neighboring counties of South-East Asia. For the successful economic development of a country – political stability must be maintained in the country. In Indonesia, the leadership of the country decided to provide the economy and the society with the adequate support measures – both social and economic, in order to overcome the economic backwardness, poverty, and to solve social problems. In conclusions of the article, the author claims that the experience of economic policy in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic proved its effectiveness at the present stage of civilization development. The author points out that: Indonesia, despite its still relatively weak economic basis appeared to be able to struggle very effectively with the COVID-19 pandemics; the economy of Indonesia was able to overcome the economic difficulties related to the pandemics slightly better than the economies of most of the other countries in the world; the authorities of Indonesia were able to react effectively on the challenges of the pandemics: the program of support of healthcare sector; the program of welfare protection of the population; the program of stimulation of development of business and tax benefits for business; benefits for micro, small and medium enterprises; support program for state enterprises and corporations. Indonesian's experience can be useful for many countries around the world, including Ukraine, in many respects: in state support of enterprises and state regulation of the economy during the crisis caused by the pandemic, in the mobilization of the medical sector in a pandemic, and so on. Summarizing the above written, we can point out that due to rather successful measures to combat the spread of COVID-19 and to support the economic growth in Indonesia, it is now possible to test the mechanisms of adaptation to the new post-pandemic era, which affects not only the economy but also the healthcare sphere. Minimizing the spread of the pandemic in the country is certainly a great success, but the final result of the struggle against the coronavirus will be largely determined by the state of the economy after the end of the pandemic in the world.

Interventions for poor nutritional status in paediatric cp: results from a Delphi panel

Rationale: A recent literature review shows an association between paediatric cerebral palsy (CP), undernutrition and adverse clinical and economic outcomes. Commercial formulas (CF), Blenderized Tube Feed (BTF) and Real Food Commercial Formula (RFCF) are available options, although evidence regarding formula selection is scarce. The aim of this study was to supplement the weak literature basis of this topic with expert insight through a Delphi panel.

Probing quark mass matrices in the flavor basis

In this paper, structural features of quark mass matrices have been analyzed in the flavor basis which is allowed by weak basis transformations in the Standard Model. Using the latest precised data pertaining to quark mixing matrix and small quark masses, we find that the texture structure of these cannot be simplified further. However, we find enormous amount of simplification is possible wherein we have found that a single phase in the mass matrix is adequate to accommodate the CP violating phase of CKM matrix.

CKM mixings from mass matrices with five texture zeros

In this work we carry out an exhaustive study to find quark mass matrices in the Standard Model~(SM), with the maximum number of texture zeros consistent with the experimental data. We found four viable configurations of five texture zeros that adjust the quark masses, the mixing angles and the CP violation phase, with deviations below $1\sigma$ level respect to the current SM best fit values. One of the most important aspects of this work is an economic procedure to find the texture zeros: we resort to the weak basis transformation method, which, as we will show, exhaustively search every possible configuration. We report various leading order relations between the mixing angles and the quark masses for each case.

Almost exact diagonal reflection symmetries and three-zero texture

In this paper, we consider the three-zero texture with diagonal reflection symmetries in the SM. The three-zero texture has two less assumptions ((Mu)11,(Mν)11≠0) than the universal four-zero texture of mass matrices (Mf)11=(Mf)13,31=0 for f=u,d,ν,e. The texture allows diagonal reflection symmetries to be almost exact and d-e unification. They reproduce the CKM and MNS matrices with accuracies of O(10−4) and O(10−3). By using perturbative approximations of the diagonalization, two relations with good accuracy for quark mass and mixing are obtained. Although this calculation is done in a special basis, it is a general result in a sense, because other textures and generalized CP symmetries exist by some weak basis transformation.By assuming a d-e unified relation (Md∼Me), we obtain the lightest neutrino mass m1≃2.12−5.64[meV] and the effective mass of the double beta decay |mee|≃1.23−2.15[meV].

Theoretical contributions to the investigation of educational effectiveness: towards a dilemmatic approach

ABSTRACT The study of educational effectiveness has become increasingly complex. Alongside methodological advancements in the investigation and measurement of educational effectiveness, meta-analyses conducted by leading researchers have shown that the field has been suffering from a significant lack of theory or from a weak theoretical basis. The present paper seeks to address this gap by connecting the four models of organisational effectiveness incorporated in Quinn and Rohrbaugh’s framework of competing values to the four dualities of educational design that appear in Wenger’s theory of communities of practice. By doing so, the paper contributes theoretical insights towards the development of a dilemmatic approach to the study of educational effectiveness. Based on the theoretical insights offered here, the paper argues that effective educational organisations are those that are able to address successfully and on an ongoing basis paradoxical tensions and incorporate interrelated and yet contradictory elements of the educational process and school organisation.

Application,problems,and development strategies of personalized traditional Chinese medicine preparations

With the continuous improvement of people's living standards and the greatly accelerated pace of life, patients' requirements for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) pharmaceutical care are constantly raised, and personalized TCM preparations used are increasing year by year. However, a series of problems, such as the bottleneck of preparation technology, the lack of preparation specifications, and the weak legal basis for supervision, have become prominent, leading to the uneven product quality of personalized pre-parations. This paper systematically summarized and analyzed the current situation and existing problems of personalized TCM preparations, including dosage form application, preparation technology, production equipment, quality standard, clinical application, and administration mode. Additionally, it put forward an inheritance and innovation research mode of personalized TCM preparation technology based on the physical fingerprint of raw materials and innovation research and intellectual property protection mode of "research-patent-technology-equipment-standard". Furthermore, innovative development strategies were proposed, such as the production standard system of clinical preparations based on the whole process traceability and the regional processing service mode of clinical preparations based on industry 4.0. The present study is expected to provide beneficial references for the inheritance and innovation development of personalized TCM preparations.

Ensuring the reliability of pavements in the repair and reconstruction of existing cement-concrete pavements destroyed by vibroresonance on a weak basis

Abstract. Repair and reconstruction of existing ce-ment-concrete pavements of hard pavements should be performed based on the results of the assessment of the condition of the pavement, assessment of their suitability as a basis for new layers and especially when reinforced with asphalt concrete layers. The article presents a method of determining the actual total modulus of elasticity of pavement, using static and dynamic stamping equipment and evaluating the results of measuring the modulus of deformation and elasticity of the concrete base at different passes of the vibrating cavity to decide on the method of re-pair. It is concluded that with a weak base, the vibroresonance method is unsuitable and stress relief should be used with a minimum number of passes of destructive equipment.

Time evolution of lepton number carried by Majorana neutrinos

Abstract We revisit the time evolution of the lepton family number for an SU(2) doublet consisting of a neutrino and a charged lepton. The lepton family number is defined through the weak basis of the SU(2) doublet, where the charged lepton mass matrix is real and diagonal. The lepton family number carried by the neutrino is defined by the left-handed current of the neutrino family. For this work we assume that the neutrinos have Majorana mass. This Majorana mass term is switched on at time $t=0$ and the lepton family number evolves. Since the operator in the flavor eigenstate is continuously connected to that of the mass eigenstate, the creation and annihilation operators for the two eigenstates are related to each other. We compute the time evolution of all lepton family numbers by choosing a specific initial flavor eigenstate for a neutrino. The evolution is studied for relativistic and non-relativistic neutrinos. The non-relativistic region is of particular interest for the cosmic neutrino background predicted from Big Bang models. In that region we find that the lepton family numbers are sensitive to the Majorana and Dirac phases, the absolute mass, and the mass hierarchy of neutrinos.

DsixTools 2.0: the effective field theory toolkit

DsixTools is a Mathematica package for the handling of the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT) and the low-energy effective field theory (LEFT) with operators up to dimension six, both at the algebraic and numerical level. DsixTools contains a visually accessible and operationally convenient repository of all operators and parameters of the SMEFT and the LEFT. This repository also provides information concerning symmetry categories and number of degrees of freedom, and routines that allow to implement this information on global expressions (such as decay amplitudes and cross-sections). DsixTools also performs weak basis transformations, and implements the full one-loop Renormalization Group Evolution in both EFTs (with SM beta functions up to five loops in QCD), and the full one-loop SMEFT-LEFT matching at the electroweak scale.

Spatial Concentration of Tourism – a Case of Urban Supremacy

ABSTRACT Tourism growth on the national level in Sweden is being concentrated to the three main urban centres. The question is if the same trend is discernible within Swedish regions. If so, tourism as a tool in regional transformation and for alleviating spatial disparities has a weak basis. The strategy to strengthen the competitiveness of each region/local community based on the Tourism Led Growth Hypothesis but is questioned. Urban hierarchy and centrifugal forces are often overlooked. Data on overnight stays between 2008 and 2016 are analysed for four regions in central Sweden: Dalarna, Värmland, Gävleborg, and Jämtland. Results indicate that there is an ongoing concentration to regional urban centres and that destination competitiveness is directly linked to an urban supremacy. Thus, tourism growth is primarily a concern for urban areas and, which contradicts the traditional notions of tourism policy in Sweden, where tourism is regarded as a remedy for declining regions.

Informative testing method of beer sewage samples for mini-breweries

Purpose: of the article is to investigate the theoretical rules of thermal transformer eddy current converter (TTC) during the preparation of ecological monitoring of brewery sewage samples based on the implementation of contactless two-parameter eddy current method of testing of the specific electrical conductivity λt and the temperature t of the beer sewage sample. It should be noted that this makes it possible to simultaneously prevent the causes of beer sewage samples deviation from the specified environmental safety indicators and to take adjustments. Design/methodology/approach: The theory of TTC operation concerning the electrical and temperature characteristics testing of beer sewage samples has been further developed by implement new universal transformation functions Δφt = f (Gt) and Δφ = f (xt), which relate the normalized difference components of the converter signals to physical and chemical characteristics of the sample. Due to this, it is possible to simultaneously prevent the causes of beer sewage samples deviation from the specified ecological safety indicators and to take appropriate adjustments. Findings: The method of two-parameter measuring test of the specific electrical conductivity λt and the temperature t of the beer sewage sample was developed on the basis of new universal transformation functions. Analysing the numerical data of electrical conductivity λ, TDS and pH at the initial temperature t1 = 15°C, the alkaline nature of beer sewage was determined. Research limitations/implications: The frequency range of the magnetic field f = 80-100 MHz, it is difficult to maintain in laboratory conditions, so the proposed method requires the use of modern high-frequency equipment, the radius of the probe depends on the radius of the primary converter frame. And therefore is quite a complicate to find appropriate tank. Practical implications: is to determine the nature of beer sewage based on the results of electrical and temperature parameters measurements during implementing a two-parameter eddy current method, which allows to prevent the reasons for beer sewage samples deviations from the specified environmental safety measures and to take appropriate adjustments. An important practical result is also the determination of the signal components and the normalized characteristics of the primary eddy current converter with a sample of beer sewage. They allow to calculate, design and create multi-parameter automated devices for measuring test of the physicochemical parameters of beer sewage samples. In turn, as a result of the physicochemical composition analysis of the sample, improving the accuracy of measurements of physicochemical parameters - there is an opportunity to improve and create advanced methods of wastewater purification on a weak electrolytic basis. Originality/value: The article originality is the investigation of the theoretical rules of thermal TTC by implementing a new multi-parameter eddy current method of measuring the specific electrical conductivity λt and the temperature t of the beer sewage sample based on the implementation of universal transformation functions Δφt = f (Gt) and Δφ = f (xt) that relate the converter signals to the physicochemical characteristics of the beer sewage sample, which helps to prevent the causes of the beer sewage samples deviation from the specified environmental safety indicators and take appropriate adjustments.

CP odd weak basis invariants in minimal see-saw model and leptogenesis

Abstract In this paper, we derive the relationship between the weak basis invariants (WB) related to CP violation responsible for leptogenesis and CP violation relevant at low energy. We examine all the experimentally viable cases of Frampton-Glashow and Yanagida (FGY) model, in order to construct the WB invariants in terms of left handed Majorana neutrino mass matrix elements, and thus finding the necessary and sufficient condition for CP conservation. Further for all the viable FGY texture zeros, we have shown the explicit dependence of WB invariants on Dirac type and Majorana type CP violating phases. In the end, we discuss the implication of such interrelationships on leptogenesis.