Violent Ways Research Articles

Ethical and Political Critique of Violence in Salman Rushdie’s Shalimar the Clown

This paper analyses how a benevolent person, who even stands above the petty religious rivalries, becomes ferocious, and cheerfully murders the other due to the unacceptability of otherness of other in the novel Shalimar the Clown by Salman Rushdie. Literature offers insights into death, violence, and mourning in multiple ways. Death is not simply an individual loss; it can widely be understood as a social issue leading to revenge. As a source of revenge, violence appears in terrifying ways. The way death takes place in today’s society helps to blur the notion of what is vulnerability and invulnerability. The risk of being dehumanized in terms of culture, society, religion, and so on emerges against the backdrop of the local and global politics that function through the discourse and powers. The loss of somebody in the life results into aggressive action that appears in violent ways damaging self and other. In the novel, the death of Max Ophuls is planned, designed and performed. It is celebratory for Shalimar where as it counts as grief for India (Daughter) and the world. Drawing on the Butler’s idea of ‘Precarious life’ as well as Care of the Self and Levinas’s idea of Care of the Other, I argue that motive for violence of Shalimar is based on what Butler calls ‘Giving Account to Oneself.’ As this is a qualitative research, I have analyzed the lines extracting them from the primary text, Shalimar the Clown. In the paper, I conclude how person needs to account himself or herself first if the otherness of other (ethics) is not acknowledged.

Eerie Captures of Violence and Memetic Rhythmicality of Resistance during the ‘Woman, Life, Freedom’ Movement

This article adopts media-theoretical and somatechnics-focused approaches, as well as a post-cinematic framework to unpack the mediated, intimate, affective, memetic, and rhythmic ways in which the ‘Woman, Life, Freedom’ revolts and their violent suppression unfolded on- and off-screen. In this article, I ask the following questions: How can we understand violence in the hyper-mediated era of bodies capturing their own deaths online? What kinds of affects emerge from these mediated entanglements? And how can the ‘Woman, Life, Freedom’ feminist revolts complicate our understanding of the affective, post-cinematic, and somatechnical ways in which bodies and technologies emerge and converge, sometimes in violent ways? Through a conceptual analysis of Instagram and YouTube videos depicting marginalised subjects who were killed onscreen in Iran, or who posthumously appear joyous and alive through their mediated presence, I investigate the eerie affects of violence and mobilise the notion of memetic rhythmicality to unpack the novel ways in which resistance to structural violence are being enacted. To demonstrate the implications of the mediated capture of violence, as well as the new forms of resistance – for processes of feminist, political, and somatechnical becomings – I draw on somatechnical and hauntological theories ( Derrida [1993]1994 ; Mulvey 2006 ; Sullivan and Murray 2011; del Pilar Blanco and Peeren 2013 ; Cielemeçka 2015 ; Carstens 2020 ; and Geerts 2021 ), Mark Fisher’s (2016) notion of ‘the eerie,’ the Deleuzoguattarian ([1980]1987) concept of a Body without Organs, and Steven Shaviro’s (2023) ‘rhythm image.’

A New Regime of Dispossession in Neo-Liberal India? Wind Energy, Hindutva, and Land Politics in Western Gujarat

Renewables in India are presented as modern technologies ensuring a pathway towards sustainable development and unlimited growth. But this story entails problematic land politics and the reconfiguration of space for resource frontiers’ expansion, local state formation, and ethno-religious authoritarian agendas: for the past 20 years, Kutch district of Gujarat state in Western India has experienced several waves of land liberalisation and industrialisation programmes, including wind power projects, but its proximity with Pakistan and the presence of Muslim pastoral populations on both sides of the border have also fostered Hindu nationalist movements since 1947. The development of wind energy projects in Western India follows traditional patterns of a regime of dispossession: a set of “inscription devices” assemble and disassemble land in a discursive, bureaucratic, and violent way and affix an official stamp of legality on damaging mechanisms of dispossession within a state-specific regime. But as wind projects move to borderland territories, their associated regime of dispossession aligns with long-term exclusive ethno-religious conceptions of space as Hindu. The unfolding land politics endorses the Bharatiya Janata Party’s electoral strategy to capture the remaining constituencies and co-opt minority leaders, while agents enforcing wind’s regime of dispossession see an opportunity to assert upper-caste Hindu supremacy.

Bhag-Rembhag Sabhala’an as a Method of Resolving Religious Conflicts in the Madura Legal Tradition

Religion-based conflicts often occur in various regions, including Madura. However, there is an interesting conflict resolution, namely through the bhag-rembhag sabhala'an tradition. This research aims to determine the mechanism for resolving religious-based conflicts based on local wisdom through bhag-rembhag sabhala'an which is practiced in Madura. This research uses empirical legal research methods with socio-legal and anthropo-legal approaches, which result in the discussion that: First, the resolution of religious conflicts in the context of national law only focuses on efforts to give verdicts of heresy and guilt to parties who, by the religious majority community, are considered contrary to the understanding of the majority of religious believers, not on efforts to open dialogue and find ways of peace between conflicting communities. Second, the resolution of religious conflicts with the bhag-rembhag sabhala'an emphasises efforts to open dialogue between conflicting adherents by utilising local village figures to find a peaceful way and find a variety of similarities amid striking differences caused by the outbreak of religious conflict. Bhag-rembhag Sabhala'an has long been practised in Madura in the event of differences in understanding and religious conflicts, where humanist and peaceful approaches are preferred over violent ways of resolving conflicts. The real contribution of this research is that the mechanism for resolving religious conflicts based on local wisdom can be the primary choice for parties in resolving religious conflicts. This method prioritises peaceful solutions and respect for religious differences.

‘Moving, moving, moving’: the social forces that perpetuate housing instability for women experiencing intimate partner violence

Housing scholars have demonstrated that intimate partner violence (IPV) is a key driver of housing instability. Contributing to existing housing literature that foregrounds the importance of material and psychological housing instability, our empirical research focuses on a novel programme providing supportive housing for women, the majority of whom are allocated housing to protect them from IPV. Our data includes in-depth interviews with the supportive housing tenants and practitioners, as well as administrative data. Our findings illuminate the close interrelation between material and psychological housing instability, and demonstrate how problems inherent in the private rental market interact with issues caused by perpetrators’ ongoing use of violence in ways that make it impossible for women to achieve either form of stability. The implication for housing scholars is to understand that although affordable housing is a protective measure, supportive housing models that rely on the private rental market, face profound limitations in achieving material and psychological housing stability for women who experience IPV.

Intervention of Nursing in the Family Functionality of Women Victims of Family Violence in an Area of Lima

Violence against women is any public health problem since it takes many forms in which the couple exercises power and control over it in a violent way, so the research objective is to determine the intervention of nursing in the family functionality of women victims of family violence in an area of Lima. It is a quantitative-descriptive, cross-sectional study, with a total population of 794 women, who answered a questionnaire on sociodemographic aspects and the Faces IV instrument. In the results, 729 (82 %) women have somewhat connected family functionality and 65(8 %) a connected family functionality. In conclusion, home visits by health professionals should be taken into account for the early detection of risk factors that resemble violence against women in the home

Channelling (in)security: governing movement and ordinary life in ‘imagined geographies’

ABSTRACT This article is led by a specific ethnographic encounter on a public bus from Amman towards Zaatari village in northern Jordan. I use this moment on a bus as an entry point from which to examine how Syrian urban refugees and their security are constituted by everyday encounters in seemingly banal spaces. From the vantage point of a bus journey, this article explores how urban refugees in northern Jordan are channelled in specific and violent ways by the Government of Jordan (GoJ) in relation to the geographies where they reside. Drawing on fieldwork with urban refugees living in Zaatari village, the article is shaped by three main points: (1) Refugees are not static, or fixed in spaces of the camp, but rather on-the-move. The journey taken depicts a particular precarity constituting the everyday insecurity of refugees living outside of camps. (2) Their movement is embedded in the wider mechanisms of state and humanitarian governance which increases the precarity of urban refugee mobility. (3) The precarity surrounding urban refugees is further compounded by the geographies they reside in. This article opens new lines of enquiry into urban refugee security and how experiences of (in)security may be better understood.

I think I’m a clone now

Brandon Cronenberg’s Infinity Pool addresses issues of privilege and globalization in strikingly original ways. Part of the distinctiveness of Infinity Pool comes from the daring science fictional conceit around which it is built, and part comes from its willingness to explore extreme sex and violence in ways that tilt into body horror. In addition to collapsing the boundary between sf and horror, Infinity Pool undermines binary oppositions of all kinds, suggesting that the kind of binary thinking that defined the world system in earlier eras can no longer be maintained in an era of neoliberal capitalist globalization. Infinity Pool, though, demonstrates that the collapse of these binaries is not necessarily a good thing. Ultimately, the extreme nature of this film helps it to conduct a critique of the extreme nature of the global neoliberal system that dominates the world of the early twenty-first century.

Ghostface Needs a Hug – Self-care and the Return of the Repressed in Scream (2022)

How does the combination of remake and sequel (requel) affect narrations of trauma and grief in the 2022 movie Scream? The film’s positioning as an inter-generational transition with the goal of targeting new horror audiences highlights the need for developing complex and yet gripping story arcs in a media climate marked by serialization. In my analysis, I examine how the 2022 instalment revolves around explorations of an unresolved past, which re-erupts in violent ways. In particular, I focus on the movie’s investment in a modified cyclical narrative, which offers detailed insights into how the requel formula builds on the engagement with traumatic memory and combines it with strategies aimed at reviewing and reframing the past. Robin Wood’s concept of the “return of the repressed” offers key anchoring points for this analysis through its focus on the mutually reinforcing dynamic between social oppression and deadly energy. By highlighting the personal dramas visited upon the key protagonist of the film, Sam Carpenter, I embed her struggles with the past in a broader societal context, showcasing how engaging traumatic memory is also nested within a larger communal consciousness. The strategies employed by the protagonist connect with the requel format in significant ways, as they offer avenues for modulating and emulating the past. Through this analysis, it is shown that the repressed can itself be channeled toward self-affirming strategies, which revolve around the renegotiation of gendered concepts of authority and agency. A further takeaway are the limitations of neoliberal self-care, which is shown to be an inadequate approach in the film, as the monstrous resides in the communal and cannot be fully evaded through strategies aimed at individualization.

Moderasi Beragama di Kalangan Aktifis Dakwah Kampus Kota Mataram-NTB

Religious moderation is an issue that always arises, especially after the reformation and the collapse of the WTC 9/11 in the United States and 2002 Bali Bombing. The Minister of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia made religious moderation a flagship program out of 7 existing programs. The research entitled Religious Moderation among Campus Da'wah Activists in Mataram-West Nusa Tenggara, seeks to explore the views of religious moderation among students, especially Campus Da'wah Activists. Campus Da'wah activists (ADK) became objects of research because ADK carried out an important preaching task. If Campus Da’wah Activists have problems in understanding their religion, the contents of their da'wah and objects of da'wah automatically contain intolerance content that can endanger security. Conversely, if the religious moderation views of the ADK are tolerant, then the content of their da'wah will be calming and constructive. This research uses a qualitative method with phenomenological approach, data obtained by observing and interviewing campus da'wah activist at 6 universities in Mataram City who are members of the Nusa Tenggara Campus Da'wah Institution Gathering Forum (FSLDK) then enriched by a documentation study. From this research it was found that Form of moderation campus da’wah activists is tolerance towards people of other religions by respecting differences in beliefs and understandings, learning and doing assignments together, gathering and organizing regardless of religious, ethnicity and class background. Some activists do not agree with some doctrines different from what they believe in, such as Shia and Ahmadiyya, even so they reject violent ways of responding to these understandings.

'On the slope of an erupting volcano': A qualitative study on the workplace violence experiences of psychiatric nurses.

INTRODUCTION: Workplace violence is common in healthcare and remains a complex and serious occupational hazard. This research was conducted to assess the workplace violence experiences and perspectives of psychiatric nurses. This study was a qualitative study conducted using a grounded theory approach method. The study was conducted between November 2022 and January 2023. The purposeful sampling method was used, and 11 psychiatric nurses were interviewed. Data were collected with an information form and a semi-structured interview form. The data were analysed using content analysis, and themes were created. The ages of the psychiatric nurses ranged from 38 to 57 years. Themes and sub-themes related to the workplace violence experiences and perspectives of psychiatric nurses included the way of violence (rising tension, eruption of the volcano, unintentional violence and turning to ash) and empowerment (ash cloud and ring of fire). Psychiatric nurses stated that they were exposed to verbal and physical violence for many reasons, that this situation seriously affected their physical, mental and social health and that in addition to the devastating effects of violence, they became stronger by developing various skills to protect against violence. Supportive interventions should be used to improve the health and safety of psychiatric nurses and patients. Strategies can be developed to include psychiatric nurses in occupational health nursing courses.

What should we do with bad feelings? Negative affects, impotential responses

Bad feelings are everywhere. When faced with this situation in our empirical encounters or conceptual analyses, most socio-spatial research is committed to making things right again, with an eye to unleashing new potentials for action by repairing bad feeling. Yet this ‘ethics of rehabilitation’ assumes both the inherent possibility and ethical desirability of working away those affects that are deemed to be ‘negative’. We argue that this activating process risks delegitimising, in possibly troubling or violent ways, the ethical validity of both incapacities (when one is unable to act) and negative capacities (when one decides to not act). Instead of a rehabilitative ethics, we propose an ‘ethics of impotentiality’ that suspends the urge to activate negative affects, offering a radically situated ethical relation that is neither didactic nor moralising, refuses any easy distinction between empowering and disempowering affects, and allows for subjects to stay with inaction.

Between reverence and rejection: Age and youth in the Vietnam era Western

The Western’s central theme of historical progression, the transition from the old to the new, is often symbolically paralleled in the relationship between ageing and youthful characters. This contribution offers a cursory overview of Westerns that illustrate the range of relationships between young and old at a time in American history which was characterized by generational clashes over the Vietnam War and wider (counter-)cultural movements. The focus will be on three films in particular. The Cowboys (1972) is in many ways the culmination of John Wayne Westerns in which the star takes over the role of a tough but benevolent grandfather figure teaching the youngest generation the ways of violence so as to defeat a wayward middle generation (standing in for a radical counter-culture), thus signifying a conservative ideal. In Bad Company (1972), the youth is abandoned by their parent generation, victimized by their elders, and the ways of violence forced upon them to ensure their survival, thus signifying liberal disillusionment. In The Shootist (1976), finally, disillusionment and nostalgia are fused in a complex portrayal of the ageing protagonist’s simultaneous doggedness and recognition of his own outmodedness and the youth’s simultaneous rejection and veneration of his mythic status.

Study Of Deradicalization And Disengagement Of Former Terrorism Convicts As An Effort To Prevent Terrorism For National Resilience

Terrorism is an issue of particular concern worldwide because of its global threat. The Indonesian government realizes that terrorism is an extraordinary event that requires special handling, hence, the appropriate countermeasure is needed. One of the ways to achieve it is by deradicalization and disengagement of former convicts in terrorism cases. This article aims to determine the role of deradicalization and disengagement methods for ex-convicts in terrorism cases as a strategy for dealing with criminal acts of terrorism in Indonesia. The research method used in this study was literature research, which was then analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Deradicalization programs require many approaches which depend on the individual’s characteristics in understanding the process of radicalization that occurs and is experienced by certain individuals or groups. So that by understanding the interpretation of the deradicalization polemic that is occurring, a new formulation is needed for the treatment of convict convicts. Effective methods of deradicalization and disengagement rehabilitation, continuous testing, periodic assessment, and strict supervision, carried out by the state in a comprehensive manner, can undoubtedly be a form of great support, specifically, for ex-convicts to not return and join their radical groups and leave violent ways.

It’s a Fine Line between Sadism and Horror

Much has been written about the puzzling aesthetic appeal of horror films that include scenes of brutal, graphic violence. More recently, however, some philosophers have proposed that viewing certain horror films as a source of entertainment is morally problematic because of the impact they might have on our moral psychology. By contrast, Ian Stoner argues that viewing fictional depictions of violence in horror films is not morally problematic because horror films do not present violence in ways that risk damaging the kinds of reactive attitudes required to exhibit a well-functioning moral psychology. In this paper I note some the ways in which Stoner is correct about horror films, yet I argue that he has overstated his case for the permissibility of viewing all instances of horrific violence as entertainment.

Wacana dan Praktik Moderasi Beragama pada Sekolah Menengah Atas di Kota Metro

A moderate understanding of religion is a necessity for all Indonesians living side by side with various religions. Misunderstandings and extremes in understanding religious teachings can be a source of problems that can then lead to horizontal conflicts in society. An attitude of acknowledging the existence of others, respecting and respecting each other's differences, and not imposing desires in a violent way for the sake of creating harmony between religious communities. Indonesia as a country with religious diversity has the potential for friction between religious communities. This service is implemented at SMKN 1 Metro in order to increase knowledge, understanding, and moderation among students. By using the service learning method, this service tries to close the distance between campuses represented by lecturers and students who have problems in the community. The results were previously 14.5 percent of students did not understand religious moderation, after understanding religious moderation then tested through a post test and the results were 100 percent of students knew religious moderation. Students who answered religious moderation means being in religion has increased to 89.3 percent. Even as many as 20 percent previously considered religious moderation as an extreme attitude in religion no longer exists.

Absolutization of human rights as a threat to the statehood and the welfare of society. Part I. The general theoretical foundations of the concept of human rights: the critical view

The article is devoted to the critical understanding of the general theoretical foundations of the concept of human rights.
 It was found that human rights are not «natural and inalienable». The authors say that the appearance of the concept of human rights only in the epoch of the bourgeois revolutions in Europe indicates the non-universal character of human rights and the violent way of their affirmation. It was emphasized that taking into account the variety of theories of the origin of the state and of the main modern concepts of the state, human rights, which are closely connected only with the theory of the legal state and the civil society, may not be recognized as the only one true super-idea and super-value. It is noted that the historical experience of the existence of the privileged and oppressed population strata in the pre-modern era proves that a person can exist without formal confirmation of all the fullness of his rights, and this fact indicates that human rights are determined by the factors of historical development, and not by their «natural, eternal and inalienable character».
 The authors show the controversial character of human rights as well as the contradiction of their absolutization to the main features of the objective law. The authors say that different political ideologies (liberalism, conservatism and socialism) differently evaluate the human rights due to that circumstance that they reflect the interests of the different social classes and appear on the different stages of the social development, so, firstly, internal inconsistency is characteristic to the concept of human rights and, secondly, human rights depend on the level of the material and spiritual development of the society and state.
 The authors pay attention to the variety of ideas about the essence, content and consequences of the social contract and a certain limitation of the «natural freedom» of a person under the conditions of state existence. It was noted that the absolutization of human rights is the result of an uncritical perception of some provisions of the theory of the social contract, and not only does not reflect the multifaceted nature of its provisions, but also completely ignores other theories of origin and the main modern concepts of the state. The authors say that human rights are derived from the level of material and spiritual development of society, therefore, for an adequate understanding of their essence, it is necessary to take into account the historical and general theoretical regularities of the formation and functioning of political and legal phenomena, which testify that, in fact, the scope and content of human rights in a certain era directly depend on the will of the state, etc.

Am I vulnerable? Researcher positionality and affect in research on gendered vulnerabilities

In this article, I draw on arts-based approaches and new materialist affect theory in order to explore possibilities to attune research outputs to researcher vulnerability. These approaches and theorisations challenge conventional research practices geared toward creating distance between the researcher and their research, and work towards dissolving hierarchical distinctions between assumedly invulnerable researchers and vulnerable participants. In doing so, they pave the way for attuning research work to the complex interplay of difference and sameness as it unfolds and surfaces in the process of researching gendered vulnerabilities. By presenting a piece of poetic writing that engages with research encounters within a project on sexual harassment and young people, I tap into the troubled affect, the constant interplay of difference, shifting alignments, and ultimate entwinements between the researcher, the phenomenon of sexual harassment, and the research participants and other involved actors. Based on my inquiry, I propose attending to vulnerability through affect theory as an encompassing and dynamic state of being affected and affecting others, both in violent ways and in ways that aim to build solidarity and empathy.

The Nexus of Gender-based Violence and Print Media Portrayal: Echoes from Uitenhage, South Africa

Gender Based Violence (GBV) has become a global menace. The prevalence of this violence against women and children in South Africa reveals that the country is plagued by this horror called GBV. According to the South African police crime statistics, with regards to sexual offences, the SAPS reported 64 419 (2012), 66 197 (2014), 62 226 (2013), and 53 617 (2015) cases. A more recent crime report, which covers the period between April 1 2018, and March 31, 2019, reveals an increase of reported GBV cases compared to previous years. The number of reported sexual offences increased to 52,420 in 2018/19 from 50,108 in 2017/18, most of which were cases of rape. The rate of sexual offences increased from 88.3 per 100,000 in 2017/18 to 90.9 per 100,000 in 2018/19. Reported sexual offences in 2019/2020 increased again to 53,293 reported cases. Furthermore, from October to December 2021, 11 315 rape cases were reported, which equates to 123 cases per day on average. These alarming statistics demand the attention of the media. The media is known to be a powerful tool of influence; however, in the process, the media has been criticised for portraying violence in ways that can have a varying effect on the behaviour of those exposed to it. Many studies have been conducted to examine the impact of the media on violent behavior; none or few of them have focused on the impact of the print media on GBV against women, with an emphasis on community perception. This is what this paper intends to focus on. The purpose of this study was to investigate Uitenhage residents' perceptions of the print media's portrayal of gender-based violence against women and children, and the relationship between people’s exposure to the print media and their violent behaviour. The quantitative research method was employed, and questionnaires were subsequently distributed to collect data from the respondents, who were residents of Uitenhage, in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The findings of this study revealed that respondents are of the opinion that the print media has a varying effect on different individuals and that, in spite of the fact that there is an association between people’s exposure to the print media and their violent behaviour, there are other contributing factors to people’s violent behaviour. This study will contribute to the body of knowledge in the area of print media reporting by bringing the media’s attention to the representation of GBV.

Quem somos nós e quem são eles? Transformações históricas da violência na relação homem-animal à luz de expressões artísticas

Abstract This study investigates the course of the transformations of violence present in the human-animal relationship in multiple periods of time, using artistic expressions to contribute to this theme. The study uses a multidisciplinary approach from the fields of Arts, History, and Philosophy seeking contributions to the literature on marketing and consumer behavior. Visual critical analysis is the methodology used to analyze six works of art from different historical periods and to understand the human-animal relationship over time. Findings suggest that forms of violence are present in the transforming human-animal relationship. The research challenges the marketing domain of the discussion about this relationship, limited to positive experiences with companion animals; it brings interpretations of the ways of violence in the human-animal relationship over time to understand the meanings and practices of the present; adds elements aimed at discussions and reflections necessary for researchers and marketing professionals, on the human-animal relationship and violence.