Wave Tank Research Articles

Effects of gap entrance configuration on gap resonances between two free-heaving barges: Higher-order harmonics

The hydrodynamic characteristics of linear and nonlinear gap resonances between two identical side-by-side free-heaving barges are investigated in a numerical wave tank based on the constrained interpolation profile method. This study focuses on the influence of the gap entrance configuration on key hydrodynamic parameters during gap resonances, comparing conditions of round and square edges. Additionally, the effects of incident wave height and the barge's heave responses are examined. The distributions of the first four harmonic components of the key parameters are illustrated, including the wave elevation at the gap, wave run-up on each barge, and wave forces. Numerical results reveal that the gap entrance configuration influences more on the linear gap resonance rather than the nonlinear gap resonances. The higher-order components of the wave elevation at the gap are more sensitive to the incident wave height rather than the edge shape. The influences of the edge shape on the wave forces are mainly manifested in the magnitude of the wave forces rather than in their tendencies. Furthermore, the response time during the development stage of gap resonance is analyzed. The findings indicate that gap resonance develops more quickly with square edges or when the incident wave height increases.

Data Assimilation and Parameter Identification for Water Waves Using the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation and Physics-Informed Neural Networks

The measurement of deep water gravity wave elevations using in situ devices, such as wave gauges, typically yields spatially sparse data due to the deployment of a limited number of costly devices. This sparsity complicates the reconstruction of the spatio-temporal extent of surface elevation and presents an ill-posed data assimilation problem, which is challenging to solve with conventional numerical techniques. To address this issue, we propose the application of a physics-informed neural network (PINN) to reconstruct physically consistent wave fields between two elevation time series measured at distinct locations within a numerical wave tank. Our method ensures this physical consistency by integrating residuals of the hydrodynamic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) into the PINN’s loss function. We first showcase a data assimilation task by employing constant NLSE coefficients predetermined from spectral wave properties. However, due to the relatively short duration of these measurements and their possible deviation from the narrow-band assumptions inherent in the NLSE, using constant coefficients occasionally leads to poor reconstructions. To enhance this reconstruction quality, we introduce the base variables of frequency and wavenumber, from which the NLSE coefficients are determined, as additional neural network parameters that are fine tuned during PINN training. Overall, the results demonstrate the potential for real-world applications of the PINN method and represent a step toward improving the initialization of deterministic wave prediction methods.

Experimental Study of the Random Wave-Induced Hydrodynamics and Soil Response in a Porous Seabed Around Double Piles

The evaluation of the wave-induced pore pressures around the offshore piles has attracted great attentions among coastal engineers, because they have been commonly used as foundations of numerous marine infrastructures. This paper presents comparative studies of the random wave-induced transient seabed response around single and double piles in a sandy seabed through a series of wave flume experiments. The influences of relative spacing ratios, wave incidence angles, and front pile diameters under different random wave parameters on oscillatory pore pressures in the vicinity of double piles are examined. In addition, variations in wave profiles and dynamic wave pressures surrounding single and double piles are quantitatively analyzed. Based on the experimental results, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) under the influence of random waves, the wave profiles around the double piles exhibit obvious irregularity and nonlinearity; (2) the shielding effect existing in the tandem piles results in lower dynamic wave pressures around the rear pile compared to the front pile; (3) the pore pressures on the front surface of the double piles decrease with increasing soil depth, with a decreasing attenuation rate at each layer; (4) when the relative spacing ratio G/D2=3, the group-pile effect weakens, leading to an increase in the pore pressures around the rear pile, approaching the results of a single pile under conditions of lower significant wave heights or periods; (5) the intense disturbance effect caused by large wave incidence angles exacerbates the pore pressure response around the double piles; (6) when the diameter of the front pile in the tandem piles increases, it enhances the shielding effect, thus suppressing the seabed response around the rear pile. In contrast, it causes an increase in the wave surface around the double piles, exacerbating the pore pressure response in the seabed. The latter effect becomes more pronounced when the significant wave height is larger.

Generation of nonlinear gravity waves based on the harmonic polynomial cell method incorporated with a mass source

A nonlinear numerical wave tank is established using the Harmonic Polynomial Cell (HPC) method, which is incorporated with a mass source. The numerical wave tank consists of the mass source wave generation region and the working region, with sponge layers at both ends for wave absorption. In the mass source region, a generalized HPC method is applied to solve the inhomogeneous elliptic boundary value problems. The Poisson equation's special solution is represented by a bi-quadratic function. In the remaining domains, the HPC method is employed with harmonic polynomials to solve the problems governed by the Laplace equation in each grid cell. The free surface is tackled by the immersed boundary method (IB-HPC), and the kinematic and dynamic conditions of the free surface are described using a semi-Lagrangian approach. A variety of waves propagation are simulated, including Second-order Stokes wave, fifth-order Stokes wave, solitary wave, fifth-order Fenton stream function wave, random wave and the interaction with a straight vertical wall. The numerical solutions are compared with theoretical solutions. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the present method can generate arbitrary two-dimensional wave fields by specifying an appropriate source function. Additionally, the reflected waves can propagate through the wave generation region, ensuring that the process of wave generation is not affected by the reflections.

Solitary wave-induced boulder transport on a beach

The influence of sediment on a slope on boulder transport is studied experimentally at the Hydrodynamics Laboratory of the University of Oslo. Experiments are conducted in a small 3 m long and 10 cm wide wave tank, filled with 5 cm of water. The transport of boulders is induced by breaking solitary waves with an amplitude normalized by water depth a/hw= 0.5. Generated solitary waves propagate towards a 1:10 beach. The experiments are conducted in two set-ups: (i) empty Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bottom of the flume, (ii) the slope covered by a thin layer of 65μm sand. The boulders are represented by concrete blocks of different shape and size. They are placed alternately (one at a time) at different locations on the beach slope with respect to wave breaking point. Transport of boulders and their dynamics is studied with respect to boulder characteristics (size, orientation), their initial position and inclusion of sediment. It is shown that presence of sediment enhances boulder transport. In particular, in this set-up, the presence of sediment increased the boulder transport in 2–5 times. The maximum displacement increase was observed for boulders with the smallest length and height and the largest width initially located at the breaking position. Another interesting result regards the type of boulder motion. The boulders experienced either sliding or turning over. Boulders whose height was at least twice as large as their length exhibited turning-over. This held for boulders placed both on an empty PMMA slope and on a sedimentary slope. However, the largest boulder displacement on an empty PMMA slope occurred due to turning over, while on a sedimentary slope it occurred due to sliding.

Experimental and numerical investigation of wave loads on land-based multi-chamber OWC converters

Capturing more wave energy in a cost-effective principle has become a challenging task. Multi-chamber oscillating water column (OWC) devices are gradually gaining favour due to their potentially efficient characteristics. However, there is relatively limited research on dynamic analysis which is crucial for the safety and survival of multi-chamber OWC devices. In the study, model experiments of the hydrodynamic pressures for single-, dual- and three-chamber devices were conducted at a wave flume. A two-dimensional fully nonlinear numerical model for the interaction between waves and the OWC devices was established based on the higher-order boundary element method. The numerical results well cross-validated the experimental data. The wave forces and moments exerted on the devices were numerically calculated. The results indicate that the multi-chamber configurations not only generally reduce the wave loads on front and rear walls in high-frequency waves, but also avoid the sloshing motion of the water column inside the chamber, which induces large wave loads on the converter. However, the additional internal walls impose a redoubled burden on the junction of the top ceiling and the rear wall. The OWC converters sustain the horizontal forces much more than vertical forces. The front lip (i.e., the bottom edge of the front wall), the rear wall and the connection between the seabed and the device are relatively dangerous positions for configurations with any number of chambers.

Experimental study on plunging breaking waves impacting a vertical cylinder with three different model scales

Scale effects, which can influence the reliability and effectiveness of experimental results, are often unavoidable but seldom explored, particularly in the context of plunging waves. To investigate the scale effects of plunging wave impacts on a vertical cylinder, experiments were conducted in a wave flume at model scales of 1:20, 1:30 and 1:40. The wavemaker movements were scaled based on the Froude-similarity law and the pressures on the front surface of the cylinder were analyzed. The results indicated that plunging waves were generated across these three scales, with fine agreement in overall wave elevations and a local waveform similarity of 80–90%. The analysis of pressures showed that the distribution of peak pressures on the cylinders remained consistent across different scales; however, scale effects were closely related to the intensity of wave impacts. Specifically, in cases of relatively weak impact, such as when the wavefront struck the cylinder before breaking or even after an intense wave breaking with intense gas-liquid mixtures, the pressure discrepancies were less than 20% among these different scales. This discrepancy can exceed 50% near the wave peaks during the vertical wave front or early jet formation stages with strong impacts.

Prediction of s^{±}-Wave Superconductivity Enhanced by Electronic Doping in Trilayer Nickelates La_{4}Ni_{3}O_{10} under Pressure.

Motivated by the recently reported signatures of superconductivity in trilayer La_{4}Ni_{3}O_{10} under pressure, we comprehensively study this system using abinitio and random-phase approximation techniques. Without electronic interactions, the Ni d_{3z^{2}-r^{2}} orbitals show a bonding-antibonding and nonbonding splitting behavior via the O p_{z} orbitals inducing a "trimer" lattice in La_{4}Ni_{3}O_{10}, analogous to the dimers of La_{3}Ni_{2}O_{7}. The Fermi surface consists of three electron sheets with mixed e_{g} orbitals, and a hole and an electron pocket made up of the d_{3z^{2}-r^{2}} orbital, suggesting a Ni two-orbital minimum model. In addition, we find that superconducting pairing is induced in the s^{±}-wave channel due to partial nesting between the M=(π,π) centered pockets and portions of the Fermi surface centered at the Γ=(0,0) point. With changing electronic density n, the s^{±} instability remains leading and its pairing strength shows a domelike behavior with a maximum around n=4.2 (∼6.7% electron doping). The superconducting instability disappears at the same electronic density as that in the new 1313 stacking La_{3}Ni_{2}O_{7}, correlated with the vanishing of the hole pocket that arises from the trilayer sublattice, suggesting that the high-T_{c} superconductivity of La_{3}Ni_{2}O_{7} does not originate from a trilayer and monolayer structure. Furthermore, we confirm the experimentally proposed spin state in La_{4}Ni_{3}O_{10} with an in-plane (π, π) order and antiferromagnetic coupling between the top and bottom Ni layers, and spin zero in the middle layer.

Experimental investigation of equilibrium and temporal scour around the round head of the rubble mound breakwater in case of breaking and non-breaking waves

In this study, local sediment movements caused by regular wave effects around the head section of rubble mound breakwater were investigated experimentally. The experiments were performed in a wave channel with a length of 33 m, a width of 3.6 m and a depth of 1.2 m. A plunger-type wave generator was located at the offshore side, generating regular waves of varying heights and periods. Uniform sandbed material of three different grain sizes was used, alongside two distinct breakwater slopes and six different wave characteristics. Experiments were performed under both breaking and non-breaking wave conditions. Time-dependent scour depth and water level measurements were determined by using measuring equipment working with an ultrasonic method. In the paper, new empirical relations were derived for temporal relative scour depths and the non-dimensional time scale parameter and the non-dimensional time scale parameter. The determination coefficient and scatter index of these derived relations were calculated and evaluated statistically. It was observed that the relations are in good agreement with those obtained from experiments. Additionally, the findings indicate that wave breaking significantly reduces the equilibrium scour depth.

Extreme Wave-Induced Pressure Distribution and Wave Forces on Tandem Pile Groups: An Experimental Study

As the foundation of marine infrastructure, pile groups are subjected to extreme wave loads. Existing research primarily focuses on regular waves and wave forces. There is limited research on the pressure distribution of pile bodies under extreme waves. This paper describes a wave flume experiment where waves of a self-proposed extreme wave type were generated. The experiment considers three water depths (25/35/45 cm), three wave-pushing velocities (20/30/40 cm/s), and two clear distances (D, 2D). A total of 216 measuring points equipped with digital pressure sensors captured the vertical and circumferential pressure distribution and wave positive force. The results show that (1) the vertical and circumferential pressure distribution patterns of each component pile and the single pile are similar in various loading scenarios and clear distances. (2) The measuring point pressure, pressure after circumferential integration, and wave positive force are positively correlated with wave-pushing velocity. (3) The wave pressure is positively correlated with the water depth, while the pressure after circumferential integration is negatively correlated with the water depth. (4) When the clear distance is D, the wave positive force coefficient of each component pile is less than 1.0.

Validation and Verification of Computational Model for the Numerical Simulation of the Operational Principle of a Submerged Horizontal Plate Device

This study describes the validation and verification of a two-dimensional numerical wave channel with a Submerged Horizontal Plate (SHP). The SHP is a fixed, submerged structure with a dual function: it acts as a breakwater and as a wave energy converter. To carry out the validation and verification procedures for the computational modeling, experimental and numerical results obtained from the literature were used. A relative error of 2.14% for the maximum axial velocity below the SHP was obtained in the validation, while an average absolute error of 0.0043 m/s for the axial velocity variation below the SHP was identified in the verification. Therefore, it can be inferred that the validation and verification stages were carried out successfully. So, the model is suitable for the numerical simulation of the operational principle of the SHP, both on a laboratory scale and on a real scale, allowing the investigation of its fluid dynamic behavior.

Hydrodynamic and energy-harvesting performances of a compact-array OWC device: An experimental study

This study proposed and evaluated a compact-array oscillating water column device called “Rainbow”, which is expected to adapt to the nearshore wave climate characteristics in China, and satisfy the quick response requirements to coastal and offshore electricity. The proposed device employs a bent-duct buoy concept, with an open mouth in two opposite directions, and embraced a moon pool in a ring shape. Moreover, models under a scale ratio of 1:10 are designed and manufactured, which are fixed on the bottom and tested in regular and irregular wave scenarios in a wave tank. The time histories of critical performance parameters, hydrodynamic and aerodynamic performances, and capture width ratios in different modules were recorded and analyzed to reveal the operating mechanisms of the model. The various module arrangement topologies were found to cause significant differences in the value distribution characteristics of the capture width ratio in different modules, peaking at 0.26. The experimental results can be employed as critical benchmark cases for further designs and optimizations.

ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ВЫБОРА БЕРЕГОУКРЕПИТЕЛЬНЫХ СООРУЖЕНИЙ ПРИ РЕКОНСТРУКЦИИ ПЛЯЖЕЙ КРЫМСКОГО ПОБЕРЕЖЬЯ

The relevance of improving the methods of engineering and environmental survey of coastal protection objects is determined by their existing violations, which reduce environmental safety in general and create a danger for the organization of tourism on the coast. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the choice of bank protection structures during the reconstruction of the beaches of the Crimean coast in the conditions of recreational specialization of the region. The nature and extent of deformations of the coastal zone of the sea and shore protection structures on the coast of the Kalamitsky Bay of the Black Sea are described. The authors proposed the design and location of the breakwater, which will make it possible to more effectively cope with the damping of waves during a storm period compared to classical breakwaters. Materials and methods. The study of the state of coastal territories and the solution of problems of coastal protection structures is based on the theory of geomorphology of the surface and underwater parts of the coast, the regularities of the hydrophysical parameters of the sea in the coastal zone, and climatic and seismic conditions. The methods of field observations and experimental studies in the wave basin were used to take into account the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the ecological parameters of the coastal zone of the Crimean coast. Results. In 2022, a team of authors carried out a visual survey of the coast in the territory of the Bakhchisaray district of the Republic of Crimea with a total length of 11.5 km. from s. Coastal to with. Angular. As a result of the inspection, sections of the coast that are potentially dangerous to the health and life of people and are not suitable for normal use for recreational purposes were identified. Conclusions. Long-term field observations show that the creation of bank protection in certain local areas, having given only a temporary positive effect for these areas, can have a very negative impact on neighboring and even remote areas; that is why the issue of protecting the coast should be resolved at least on the scale of the coast of settlements, taking into account the conditions of a single system. The shape of the coast protection structure proposed by the authors can make it possible to more effectively dampen waves compared to classical rectangular breakwaters. However, when designing coastal protection measures, it should be taken into account that separate protection of small areas of eroded coastal territories within a large zone of eroded coast is ineffective, since adjacent unprotected shores will recede under the influence of a system of natural factors.

Identification and Application of Wave Field Characteristics of Channel Waves in Extra-Thick Coal Seams

Channel wave seismic activity often occurs with thin and medium-thick coal seams being the main target layer. To address the problem of channel wave applicability detection in extremely thick coal seams, the propagation and identification characteristics of channel waves remain the focus of research. Therefore, this paper takes the in-seam wave exploration of a 27 m extremely thick coal seam as an example and uses the staggered mesh finite difference method to construct a three-dimensional medium model for numerical simulation. An analysis of the physical parameters of coal and rock, along with the dispersion characteristics of channel waves in extra-thick coal seams, is utilized, through the Zoeppritz equation and the total reflection propagation method, to calculate the imaging. We found the following: (1) The dispersion areas and weak dispersion areas along the detection direction are extremely thick coal seams. (2) There are apparent channel waves in extra-thick coal seams, with a waveform similar to body waves; the length of the wave train is shorter than that of the conventional channel wave, and the arrival time can be estimated accurately. The amplitude of the apparent channel wave is affected by the degree of dispersion, with lower attenuation and higher resolution. The characteristic of total reflection in extremely thick coal seams is that the incident angle is equal to the critical angle, and the dispersion characteristics are weak. (3) The channel waves with weak dispersion characteristics in extra-thick coal seams are mainly Love-type waves.

Nonlinear hydrodynamic assessment of a floating solar double-hull substructure using viscous numerical wave tank

This paper assesses a viscous numerical solver for hydrodynamic simulations of floating double-hull substructures supporting solar panels, critical for advancing floating solar technologies. Using the OpenFOAM repository, the study develops a model based on the Finite Volume method and Volume of Fluid approach, focusing on a range of wave frequencies, from weakly to strongly nonlinear, at intermediate depths. A free decay test calibrated the mesh morphology of the control volume, enabling comparative analysis of single and double-cylinder structures exposed to Stokes second-order nonlinear waves, alongside nonlinear potential models and experimental data. Spectral analysis of these solutions quantifies the nonlinearities' influence on structural responses and high-order dynamic prediction accuracy. The key findings demonstrate that the viscous model accurately predicted heave and surge responses, outperforming the potential model under steep waves. The gap distance between the cylinder in the double-cylinder platforms significantly affects fluid flow and stability, especially under shorter waves. Accurate wave-body simulations require appropriate mesh resolution and tailored wavemaker functions for nonlinear waves. These findings highlight the need to incorporate viscous effects in floating solar platform design to enhance stability and performance in real-world environments.

Effect of open-area ratios on wave attenuation over a submerged reef breakwater: An experimental study

The reef-type submerged breakwater (RSB) has been implemented around the world to provide coastal protection and natural shelter and habitat for marine species at the same time. A series of laboratory experiments are conducted in a wave flume to study wave propagation and transmission over RSBs with the four open-area ratios of 0.047, 0.131, 0.257, and 0.560. The experimental results demonstrate that the RSB significantly alters the wave propagation characteristics. The RSBs with the open-area ratio of 0.047 and 0.131 reduce the wave height to ∼70%. The RSBs with the open-area ratio of 0.047 and 0.131 perform better in attenuating than those with the open-area ratio of 0.257, and 0.560. As the open-area ratio decreases, the transmission coefficient decreases, while the dissipation coefficient increases. An empirical formula is proposed to calculate the wave transmission coefficient as a function of the RSB open-area ratio and wave steepness under regular waves. A cubic empirical formula with one unknown is also proposed to relate the distance from RSB stoss face to wave breaking point and the open-area ratio. The present study is expected to optimize RSB design for coastal protection.

Investigating the Relationship between Balanced Composition and Aesthetic Judgment through Computational Aesthetics and Neuroaesthetic Approaches

Background: Symmetry is a special kind of balance. This study aims to systematically explore and apply the role of balanced composition in aesthetic judgments by focusing on balanced composition features and employing research methods from computational aesthetics and neuroaesthetics. Methods: First, experimental materials were classified by quantifying balanced composition using several indices, including symmetry, center of gravity, and negative space. An EEG experiment was conducted with 18 participants, who were asked to respond dichotomously to the same stimuli under different judgment tasks (balance and aesthetics), with both behavioral and EEG data being recorded and analyzed. Subsequently, participants’ data were combined with balanced composition indices to construct and analyze various SVM classification models. Results: Participants largely used balanced composition as a criterion for aesthetic evaluation. ERP data indicated that from 300–500 ms post-stimulus, brain activation was more significant in the aesthetic task, with unbeautiful and imbalanced stimuli eliciting larger frontal negative waves and occipital positive waves. From 600–1000 ms, beautiful stimuli caused smaller negative waves in the PZ channel. The results of the SVM models indicated that the model incorporating aesthetic subject data (ACC = 0.9989) outperforms the model using only balanced composition parameters of the aesthetic object (ACC = 0.7074). Conclusions: Balanced composition is a crucial indicator in aesthetics, with similar early processing stages in both balance and aesthetic judgments. Multi-modal data models validated the advantage of including human factors in aesthetic evaluation systems. This interdisciplinary approach not only enhances our understanding of the cognitive and emotional processes involved in aesthetic judgments but also enables the construction of more reasonable machine learning models to simulate and predict human aesthetic preferences.

Structural Design and Horizontal Wave Force Estimation of a Wall-Climbing Robot for the Underwater Cleaning of Jackets

Currently, divers face significant safety risks when cleaning marine organisms from the steel structures of offshore underwater platform jackets. Consequently, utilizing robots instead of divers to carry out underwater biofouling removal operations will be an important development direction for the underwater maintenance of offshore platforms in the future. In this study, a wall-climbing robot was designed to clean marine organisms from the underwater surface of a platform jacket leg. The overall structure of the underwater cleaning wall-climbing robot is introduced, including the cleaning actuator and the variable curvature-adapted connecting rod mechanism. The corresponding relationship between the variable curvature-adapted connecting rod mechanism and the jacket leg is analyzed in detail. The variable curvature-adapted connecting rod mechanism was optimized using a genetic algorithm to ensure that the underwater cleaning wall-climbing robot can adapt to a minimum diameter of 1 m for the jacket leg. By drawing on Airy wave theory and random wave theory, the Airy wave parameters for waves were analyzed under different sea conditions, considering practical application scenarios. By using Fluent software 2022, a 2D numerical wave tank was constructed to simulate waves under various sea conditions, and the wave surface shapes for different sea states were determined. By building on the Morison equation, a method for calculating the horizontal wave forces on the underwater cleaning wall-climbing robot using the equivalent area and equivalent volume is proposed. By using the two aforementioned methods, the horizontal wave forces on the underwater cleaning wall-climbing robot under specific sea states were determined. The horizontal wave forces of the underwater cleaning wall-climbing robot under different sea conditions were analyzed and simulated in a 3D numerical wave tank. By comparing the theoretical analysis results with the numerical simulation results, where the maximum difference at the extreme points is approximately 11%, the feasibility of the proposed horizontal wave force estimation method was verified.

Polyester mooring system design and evaluation of a semi-platform in south China sea

Polyester rope offers numerous advantages over traditional steel catenary mooring systems and is considered an appealing option for deep-water mooring systems. In this paper, the design and evaluation procedure of the polyester mooring system for a semi-submersible platform located in the South China Sea is presented. A fully coupled numerical model of the semi-submersible platform, including all risers and mooring lines, has been established and calibrated through wave basin testing. To simulate the elongation behavior of polyester, a static-dynamic stiffness model is employed, and the corresponding procedure for mooring evaluation is established to simulate the mooring response under extreme environmental conditions. A comprehensive fatigue analysis is also conducted for the polyester mooring system using time domain dynamic theory. The effects of Vortex-Induced Motion (VIM) on mooring fatigue damage are also considered. The results indicate that the polyester mooring system could be safely operated at the target offshore field throughout its service life. Additionally, model test calibration is a crucial procedure during the entire mooring evaluation process, and the numerical model should be adjusted appropriately to accurately reflect the dynamic behavior of the coupled system. This study also illustrates that the stiffness of the rope plays a crucial role in polyester mooring design and global performance calculations. The proposed evaluation methodology can provide a foundation for the design of polyester mooring systems and for evaluating their safety and reliability in engineering practice.

Shore ice control on coastal geomorphic evolution in cold regions

Shore ice is a common feature on cold climate coasts, which are abundant in mid- and high-latitude regions, however it is understudied. Previous research has reported both beach protection and erosion as potential impacts from shore ice presence. Altered ice dynamics resulting from a changing climate are likely to intensify these impacts. To address this discrepancy and improve future coastal change predictions we conducted the first combined field, laboratory and modeling study of shore-ice processes and impacts. Beach and nearshore morphology mapping, experiments with a novel cryogenic wave tank, and 3D coastal evolution modeling revealed that shore ice protected the beach from storms, but scoured the nearshore at the ice edge and transported sediment offshore, likely past the depth of closure. This resulted in enhanced beach erosion during the ice-free and non-storm season, countering the protective benefit from the ice. This study indicates that shore ice plays an important and likely evolving role in geomorphic evolution along cold climate coasts.