Wave-like Character Research Articles

Эффективность применения низкобелковой диеты у детей с вторичным синдромом гипераммониемии различного генеза

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of a low-protein diet (LPD) in patients with secondary hyperammonemia (HA) during the period of clinical manifestation depending on its etiology and the level of ammonia, and to substantiate management tactics. Patients and methods. This study included 29 patients with secondary HA. Patients were divided into two age groups depending on the onset of HA: the neonatal group (group 1; n = 15) and the infant and toddler group (group 2; n = 14). Depending on the causes of HA, two subgroups were identified: patients with HA associated with inherited metabolic diseases (IMD) and patients with HA not associated with IMD. Results. In group 1, 5 patients with mild transient HA (THA) (116.4 [106.9–136.9] μmol/L) did not receive LPD, and HA resolved within a week. Of the remaining 10 patients, five had a positive response to LPD (patients with IMD and THA). HA was severe (1588.5 [1315.0–1862.0] μmol/L), and the normalization of parameters was noted by day 14 [9–19]. Another 5 patients had a wave-like character of HA against the background of LPD (p = 0.350). In group 2, 10 patients with mild HA (87.45 [75.25–107.6] μmol/L) were not treated with LPD, all of them belonged to subgroup 2, and the normalization of parameters was observed on day 4. Another 4 patients with moderate HA (219.15 [188.85–245.6] μmol/L) received LPD, HA had a wave-like character (patients with IMD and HA not associated with IMD). Conclusion. The study showed that the course of HA against the background of LPD varies depending on patient age, disease severity and etiology. Key words: hyperammonemia, newborns, metabolic crisis, inherited metabolic diseases, low-protein diet, valproic acid

Буряківництво на землях Уманського повіту наприкінці ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст. за нововиявленими джерелами

Purpose. The aim is to show the problems of a beet industry on the basis of discovered publications about thisagricultural branch in Uman district of Kyiv province in the newspapers “Kievskoe slovoˮ and “Kievljaninˮ.The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that the identified and systematized newspaper publications of thespecified topic form a new idea about the factors influencing the state of this branch of agricultural production. The determiningfactor was not market demand, as it is traditionally believed, but reasons of an objective nature.Conclusions. The systematization of fourteen publications from the newspapers “Kievskoe slovoˮ and “Kievljaninˮ for1894 – 1915 about a beet industry in Uman district made it possible to show a wave-like character of interest of landownersand landholders in sugar beet growing. This technical culture was the raw material for a sugar industry, which was constantlydeveloping in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries by means of manufacturing products for export. A growing needfor sugar beets predetermined high prices and profits for their cultivation. However, a beet growing process was extremelychallenging. There were the following problems: high price for imported seeds, a lack of labor force for the cultivation ofbeet plantations, pests of beet crops, the dependence on weather conditions for growing and harvesting processes. In theearly 20th century some attempts were made at solving the issues connected with the provision of own sowing material and theimprovement of technical equipment of the raw material processing.The originality is predetermined by two groups of factors. Firstly, the risks of sugar beet growing have been analyzed.On the material of Uman district the examples of crop and non-crop years have been given. They were determined by weatherconditions, the presence of pests of beet crops, the insufficiency of labor force. The use of a microhistorical approach made itpossible to illustrate those problems, which were related to this agricultural branch. Secondly, the materials from periodicalpress, which were discovered and introduced into scientific circulation, complement a source base of regional and agrarianhistory of Ukraine.Periodical press as a historical source needs a detailed study. It has a significant potential for singling out thecharacteristics of well-known features and processes. The newspaper publications beside an informative importance arevaluable for the reflection of modern features with evaluations of that time. The interest is arisen by the sources of informationand evaluative judgments because they reflected public opinion in a certain time period.Periodical press of Kyiv province of the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries requires a complex study which willcontribute to the enlargement of a source base of Ukrainian history.

Имитационное облучение ДУО стали 16Cr – 4Al – 2W – 0,3Ti – 0,3Y2O3, перспективной для термоядерных реакторов, в установке Плазменный фокус “Вихрь”

A study of the radiation-thermal resistance of ferritic steel 16Cr – 4Al – 2W – 0.3Ti – 0.3Y2O3 was made. This ODS (oxide dispersion strengthened) steel is perspective for fusion applications. The “Vikhr” Plasma Focus installation was used to introduse of powerful pulsed flows of helium ions and helium plasma. The power density of a beam of fast helium ions and high-temperature helium plasma flows was ~ 108 and 107 W/cm2 at exposure times of ~ 50 and 100 ns, respectively. The number of pulses N varied in the range from 10 to 30. The rate of evaporation and radiaсtive sputtering changed slightly with an increase in the number of pulses of energy flows acting on the material and amounted to h ≈ 0.01 – 0.02 μm/puls. The irradiated surface after repeated melting under the action of a pulsed radiation-thermal load with powerful energy flows acquired a wave-like character with inclusions of dispersed micro particles of the second phase, containing mainly yttrium, oxygen, aluminum, iron, and titanium. At the same time, in contrast to the refractory metals (W, Mo, Ti) earlier under similar radiation conditions studied, no micro- and macro cracks were formed on the surface of the material facing the plasma. “Vikhr” Plasma Focus setup proved to be an effective tool for simulation testing of candidate materials with magnetic and inertial plasma confinement.

Developing Practical Investment Resilience

While seeking practical tools for resilient investors, a myopic ability for single-period decisions to reflect outcomes at multiple time horizons without dynamic programming is developed. It captures tail risk and, with multiple overlapping observations compounded at different frequencies, captures time-series properties as well. These benefits rely on pairing multilevel representation of the utility probability distribution with the use of Rubinstein utility—logarithmic in investor surplus. Other tools demonstrated for practical use include top-down hierarchical cluster analysis to provide qualitative information, simplified shrinkage of observed return means (but not covariances or higher moments), and better measures of potential tail risk. The resulting asset allocation examples drawn from 28 mutual funds and exchange-traded funds vary by investor risk aversion, degree of anticipation of different regimes, and whether they consider short, longer, or multiple time horizons. For single-horizon problems, resilient methods appear most helpful to conservative investors or those who trade infrequently. In contrast, multiple time horizons appear potentially helpful to all investors. <b>Key Findings</b> ▪ A toolset for investors seeking greater resilience against systemic risk stemming from nontraditional sources, such as pandemics, revolutionary technology, climate change, and political upheavals, is created, with an example based on the impact of poorly understood derivatives in the financial crisis of 2007–2009. ▪ Confronting the wavelike character of systemic disruptions with time stages that may include a sudden shock, rolling disruption, or gradual recovery as winners and losers are revealed leads to a method of making single-period allocations that reflect multiple time horizon outcomes while staying within a simple and easily implemented decision-theory framework. ▪ Other tools for resilient investing include top-down hierarchical cluster analysis, measures of tail risk customized by risk aversion, preserving more useful information by shrinking means but not covariances, and transparent open-source software.

Features of the expression of melatonin MT1 receptors in the general cover of rats caused by light deprivation

Background. It has now been established that any change in the synchronized work of the circadian clock leads to a disruption of the body's regulatory systems, which consists in the development of metabolic disorders and tissue damage. Objective: to study the dynamics of the expression of the MT1 melatonin receptor in the skin of white male rats under light deprivation. Methods. In this work, using immunohistochemistry, the features of the expression of receptors for melatonin (MT1) were studied. The experiments were performed on outbred male rats weighing 170-220 g, which were divided into 2 groups; intact - animals kept under standard fixed lighting conditions (12 h light / 12 h dark); Group 2 - animals with simulated light deprivation in conditions of round-the-clock darkness (24 hours of darkness). Results. A strong circadian dependence of the expression of MT1 melatonin receptors in the general integument was established. In the cells of the epidermis and sebaceous glands, by the 14th day, MT1 expression significantly decreased, which then sharply increased by the 21st day. In the keratinocytes of the epidermis, a wavelike character of changes in indicators is noted throughout the study: an increase (7th day) - a decrease (14th day) - a sharp increase (21st day). Conclusion. Initially, light deprivation leads to a decrease in the number of immunopositive cells, and then their level increases compensatory, which is one of the manifestations of the body's adaptation mechanisms to chronodestruction.

Identification of the root causes of accidents at hazardous production facilities of the fuel and energy complex

The article presents the results of the analysis of statistical data on accidents at the facilities of the main pipeline gas transportation for the period from 2008 to 2018. It has been established that the dynamics of accident rates has a cyclical wave-like character. In the course of analyzing information on accidents that occurred during the study period, groups of the main causes of accidents in the main pipeline gas transportation were identified. In addition, in the course of the study, the nature of the occurrence of stress corrosion cracking was studied in detail, and the root factors that led to the occurrence of accidents for this reason were identified. With the help of regression analysis, a functional relationship was established between the number of accidents due to corrosion destruction and hidden defects, which included defects of the pipe manufacturer and defects in construction and installation works.

Waves in active matter: The transition from ballistic to diffusive behavior.

We highlight the unique wavelike character observed in the relaxation dynamics of active systems via a Smoluchowski based theoretical framework and Brownian dynamic simulations. Persistent swimming motion results in wavelike dynamics until the advective swim displacements become sufficiently uncorrelated, at which point the motion becomes a random walk process characterized by a swim diffusivity, D^{swim}=U_{0}^{2}τ_{R}/[d(d-1)], dependent on the speed of swimming U_{0}, reorientation time τ_{R}, and reorientation dimension d. This change in behavior is described by a telegraph equation, which governs the transition from ballistic wavelike motion to long-time diffusive motion. We study the relaxation of active Brownian particles from an instantaneous source, and provide an explanation for the nonmonotonicity observed in the intermediate scattering function. Using our simple kinetic model we provide the density distribution for the diffusion of active particles released from a line source as a function of time, position, and the ratio of the activity to thermal energy. We extend our analysis to include the effects of an external field on particle spreading to further understand how reorientation events in the active force vector affect relaxation. The strength of the applied external field is shown to be inversely proportional to the decay of the wavelike structure. Our theoretical description for the evolution of the number density agrees with Brownian dynamic simulation data.

Coupling Coefficients Between Resonators in Stripline Combline and Pseudocombline Bandpass Filters

This article discusses the patterns of coupling coefficients between stripline resonators in combline and pseudocombline structures. It was established that there is an electromagnetic (EM) coupling between $\lambda $ /4 ( $\lambda $ /2) resonators in such structures, and they are bandpass filters (BPFs). Between stripline stepped-impedance resonators (SIRs), both positive and negative mixed couplings can be realized. This coupling can widely vary by changing the shape of resonators and the gap between them. Moreover, the tuning of coupling is carried out without the use of a conducting pin, as in the case of microstrip resonators. The patterns of changes in the coupling coefficients between stripline SIRs at higher resonant frequencies were studied. These changes have a wave-like (alternating) character. The effect of transitioning the coupling coefficient through zero can be used to expand the rejection band of BPF by suppressing the nearest spurious bandwidth. It was found that the coupling coefficients between stripline resonators, all of whose side surfaces are metallized, depend only on the geometric parameters and are not dependent on dielectric constant $\varepsilon _{r}$ . The dielectric constant only moves the coupling frequencies of an insulated stripline structure, while maintaining the ratio between these frequencies. The measurement data for some combline and pseudocombline stripline BPFs are presented.

Finite-Velocity Diffusion in Random Media

We investigated a diffusion-like equation with a bounded speed of signal propagation (the so called telegrapher’s equation) in a random media. We discuss some properties of the mean-value solution in a well-defined perturbation theory. The frequency-dependent effective-velocity of propagation is studied in the long and short time regime. We show that due to the wave-like character of telegrapher’s equation the effective-velocity is a complex dispersive function in time. Exact results and asymptotic perturbative long-time behaviors (for an exponential space-correlated binary disorder) are presented, showing their agreement and corroborating the goodness of the effective medium approximation in continuous system.

General Patterns and National Features of the Identity Formation in the Post-Soviet Space: the Experience of Moldova

The article discusses the processes of searching for the national identity of the Republic of Moldova during the post-communist transit. The conditions in which the reforms took place in the country and the factors that influenced the directions and priorities of the development of Moldavian society are analyzed. It is shown that the processes of the formation of a political nation in the Republic proceeded in an environment of socio-political crises and conflicts, fluctuations in domestic and foreign policy and had a non-linear wave-like character. The search for national identity in Moldova was accompanied by the emergence of ideological, political and value splits in the political elite and among the masses of Moldavian society, which intensified and softened with a certain frequency. It is stated that the Republic of Moldova is practically the only country in Europe where identification differences were a determining factor in the polarization of political forces, and identity conflicts became a significant factor in political mobilization. It is noted that the incompleteness of the process of national self-identification in Moldova is largely determined by external factors, as a result of which the state acts as an object of influence of more significant subjects of international politics. It is concluded that although the political system of the Republic of Moldova supports the existence of democratic trends, the achievement of value consensus through the creation of a broad dialogue in the public space and general civil discourse remains an urgent task for the national elites.&#x0D; The experience of the political transit of the Republic of Moldova has confirmed the fact that during the formation of political nations there are frequent cases when the confrontation of symbols, meanings and historical dates does not occur between different states, but takes place within society itself. Moldova has become a classic example of an identification split that divides the country into East and West, North and South, whose residents appeal to different versions of national history.

On the influence of two-dimensional hump roughness on laminar–turbulent transition

The presence of large surface irregularities such as humps, where the height is similar to the local boundary-layer (BL) displacement thickness, introduces regions of localized strong streamwise gradients in the base flow quantities. These large gradients can significantly modify the spatial development of incoming disturbances that lead to laminar–turbulent transition in wall-bounded flows [e.g., Tollmien–Schlichting (TS) waves]. Techniques such as Parabolized Stability Equations (PSE) are not suited for BL instability analysis in such regions: their formulation assumes that streamwise variations of base flow and disturbance quantities are small, allowing a marching procedure for their resolution. On the other hand, the Adaptive Harmonic Linearized Navier–Stokes (AHLNS) equations can handle these large streamwise gradients by using a fully elliptic system of equations, similar to Linearized Navier–Stokes (LNS), Harmonic LNS (HLNS), or Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS). Moreover, in AHLNS (as in PSE), a wave-like character of the instabilities is assumed, leading to a significant reduction in the number of streamwise grid points required compared with LNS, HLNS, or DNS computations. In the present study, an efficient combination of PSE and AHLNS is used to investigate the effect of height, length, and shape of a single hump placed on a flat plate in a two-dimensional flow field at Ma∞ = 0.5 without pressure gradient. The effect of this hump on the spatial evolution of TS waves, in terms of N-factors, is presented. An expected laminar–turbulent transition onset, via the eN methodology, is also described. It is shown that the shape of the surface irregularity, together with the height and length, plays an important role for the location of laminar–turbulent transition onset in convectively unstable flows.

Wavelike Character of Pension Reforms. First-wave 1994–2008

The article puts forward the hypothesis about the wave nature of pension systems reforms since the early 1990 under the effect of demographic and economic factors. In response to the results of previous works on this subject and statistical analysis results, wave’s mechanism has been identified. Conditions for starting the wave of pension reforms established with long-term demographic trend in periods of tension (the higher growth rates of age dependency ratio and others). The start and dynamic of the wave are determined by macroeconomic shocks arise from decreasing phase of business-cycle. The growth phase of pension reforms are followed by the period of deceleration. There is a factor that slowdowns responses to macroeconomic shocks (the decisions about pension reforms are not accepted instantly). Pension system adjusts to new conditions until further tightening. Quantitative and quality analysis of pension reforms across countries would allow to test this hypothesis. To that end an appropriate instruments have been developed: the classifier of pension reform (67 items with scoring system to estimate the depth of the changes), evaluation system for economic factors influences via sensitive to pension systems indicators and associated macroeconomic shocks. A cross-section of 24 countries generates a mix of pension reforms for the period of 1994–2019, two waves of pension reforms (1990–2008 and 2009 – present) is revealed, the hypothesis of waves nature of pension reforms is confirmed. The heart of pension systems transformations in the first way is identified. These are lowering of government pensions obligations, shifting the risks from state to population with the introduction of DCschemes. The suggestions that the implementation of second pillar is positive only for countries with well-developed financial market. The research of second-wave of pension reforms and projection of the third way will be dealt with in the next article.

Variation of Crystal Orientation and Dendrite Array Generated in the Root of SX Turbine Blades.

The variation of the crystal orientation and the dendrite array generated in the root of the single-crystalline (SX) turbine blades made of CMSX-4 superalloy were studied. The blades with an axial orientation of the [001] type were solidified by the industrial Bridgman technique using a spiral selector at a withdrawal rate of 3 mm/min. The analysis of the crystal orientation and dendrite arrangement was carried out using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction topography, and Laue diffraction. It was found that the lateral growth of such secondary dendrite arms, which are defined as “leading” and grow in the root at first, is related to the rotation of their crystal lattice, which is the reason for creation of the low-angle boundary (LAB) type defects. The primary crystal orientation of the selector extension (SE) area determines the areas and directions of the lateral growth of the leading arms. Additionally, it was found that in the SE areas of the root, near the connection with the selector, the spatial distribution of the [001]γ′ crystallographic direction has a complex wave-like character and may be related to the shape of the crystallization front.

Grain boundary serration in nickel alloy inconel 600: Quantification and mechanisms

The serration of grain boundaries in Inconel 600 caused by heat treatment is studied systematically. A new method based on Fourier transforms is used to analyse the multiple wave-like character of the serrated grain boundaries. A new metric – the serration index – is devised and utilised to quantify the degree of serration and more generally to distinguish objectively between serrated and non-serrated boundaries. By considering the variation of the serration index with processing parameters, a causal relationship between degree of serration and solution treatment/cooling rate is elucidated. Processing maps for the degree of serration are presented. Two distinct formation mechanisms arise which rely upon grain boundary interaction with carbides: (i) Zener-type dragging which hinders grain boundary migration and (ii) a faceted carbide growth-induced serration.

Time evolution of the electric field using the rapid expansion method with pseudospectral evaluation of spatial derivatives — Part 1

We have developed a method for modeling transient electromagnetic data acquired on land or at sea. The 3D 3C time response of the electric wavefield is simulated by considering the spatial and temporal responses separately and using numerical methods best suited for each. We have used the rapid expansion method to develop the 3C electric wavefield time response from the spatial responses found using a pseudospectral method. The results are free of numerical dispersion and accurate to the Nyquist frequency in time and space. The resulting diffusive field is a weighted sum of Chebyshev polynomials that exhibit a wave-like character and are very sensitive to small perturbations in the medium. The method is intrinsically parallel, which leads to computational efficiency. Numerical results are compared favorably with the analytic response and 1D methods even though the computations are innately 3D.

Detection of specific antibodies of classes G and M to bovine leukemia virus in the blood serum.

Bovine leukemia is a widespread infection worldwide, the causative agent of which is the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) in structural structure and functional features similar to human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) and It is considered as an actual medical and social problem. The study of the immune response in experimentally infected calves at an early stage of the disease development, synthesis of specific antibodies of classes G and M (IgG and IgM), diagnostic informativeness of detection of IgM in cattle leukemia is relevant and determines the purpose of this study. Samples of blood and serum of cattle: animals experimentally infected with VLCRS, patients with cattle leukemia; control negative; specific to heterologous pathogens of cattle diseases. Indirect and sandwich variant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); commercial ELISA kits (IDEXX, USA; Hema LLC, FKP Kursk Biofactory Firm BIOK, Russia) for the detection of specific IgG and IgM for BLV in the agar gel immunodiffusion reaction (RID). The humoral immune response develops shortly after infection - by 1-8 weeks. IgM are detected starting from the 3rd day, and IgG from the 7th day after infection. Up to 97% of coincidence of positive results in RID and indirect variant of TF ELISA based on monoclonal antibodies to cattle IgM (IgMbovine) were found. The dynamics of the synthesis of antibodies of classes M and G to the glycoprotein gp 51 BLV has a dosedependent wave-like character, is consistent with the levels of increase / decrease in the absolute and relative number of leukocytes / blood lymphocytes of infected calves. Serum specific IgM was detected starting 3 days after infection with BLV. Early detection of IgM in serum of cattle can be used as an additional test for the detection of sick animals.

Moldova: the Search for National Identity – from the Imperial Past to the Present

The article discusses the processes of searching for the national identity in the Republic of Moldova in the post-Soviet period. The conditions in which the reforms took place in the country are analyzed. The factors influencing the directions and prospects of further development of the Moldovan society are investigated. It is shown that the transformation process, which was initially assumed to be democratic, took place in an atmosphere of socio-political crises and conflicts, fluctuations in domestic and foreign policy. This process had a non-linear wave-like character. The construction of statehood in the country was accompanied by the emergence of ideological, political and cultural divisions in the political elite and in the masses of Moldovan society, which were then intensified, then softened with a certain periodicity. It is noted that the Republic of Moldova is practically the only state in Europe where the crisis of national identity is the determining factor in the polarization of the views of political forces. It was concluded that the incompleteness of the process of national identity in Moldova is intensified by the action of external factors, as a result of which the state is subject to the influence of more significant subjects of international politics.

Robustness and universality of surface states in Dirac materials

Ballistically propagating topologically protected states harbor exotic transport phenomena of wide interest. Here we describe a nontopological mechanism that produces such states at the surfaces of generic Dirac materials, giving rise to propagating surface modes with energies near the bulk band crossing. The robustness of surface states originates from the unique properties of Dirac-Bloch wavefunctions which exhibit strong coupling to generic boundaries. Surface states, described by Jackiw-Rebbi-type bound states, feature a number of interesting properties. Mode dispersion is gate tunable, exhibiting a wide variety of different regimes, including nondispersing flat bands and linear crossings within the bulk bandgap. The ballistic wavelike character of these states resembles the properties of topologically protected states; however, it requires neither topological restrictions nor additional crystal symmetries. The Dirac surface states are weakly sensitive to surface disorder and can dominate edge transport at the energies near the Dirac point.

Microporous crystal structure of labuntsovite-Fe and high-pressure behavior up to 23 GPa

Labuntsovite-Fe, an Fe-dominant member of the labuntsovite subgroup, was first discovered in the Khibiny alkaline massif on Mt Kukisvumchorr [Khomyakov et al. (2001). Zap. Vseross. Mineral. Oba, 130, 36–45]. However, no data are published about the crystal structure of this mineral. Labuntsovite-Fe from a peralkaline pegmatite located on Mt Nyorkpakhk, in the Khibiny alkaline complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia, has been investigated by means of electron microprobe analyses, single-crystal X-ray structure refinement, and IR and Raman spectroscopies. Monoclinic unit-cell parameters of labuntsovite-Fe are: a = 14.2584 (4), b = 13.7541 (6), c = 7.7770 (2) Å, β = 116.893 (3)°; V = 1360.22 (9) Å3; space group C2/m. The structure was refined to final R 1 = 0.0467, wR 2 = 0.0715 for 3202 reflections [I &gt; 3σ(I)]. The refined crystal chemical formula is (Z = 2): Na2K2Ba0.7[(Fe0.5Ti0.1Mg0.05)(H2O)1.3]{[Ti2(Ti1.9Nb0.1)(O,OH)4][Si4O12]2}·4H2O. The high-pressure in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of the labuntsovite-Fe has been carried out in a diamond anvil cell. The labuntsovite-type structure is stable up to 23 GPa and phase transitions are not observed. Calculations using the BM3 equation of state resulted in the bulk modulus K = 72 (2) GPa, K′0 = 3.7 (2) and V 0 = 1363 (2) Å3. Compressing of the heteropolyhedral zeolite-like framework leads to the deformation of main structural units. Octahedral rods show the gradual increase of distortion and the wave-like character of rods becomes more distinct. Rod deformations result in the distortion of the silicon–oxygen ring which is not equal in different directions. Structural channels are characterized by a different ellipticity–pressure relationship: the cross-section of the largest channel I and channel II demonstrates the stability of the geometrical characteristics which practically do not depend on pressure: ∊channel I ≃ 0.85 (4) (cross-section is rather regular) and ∊channel II ≃ 0.52 (2) within the whole pressure range. However, channel III is characterized by the increasing of ellipticity with pressure (∊ = 0.40 → 0.10).

FOR SLAUGHTER QUALITIES OF THE OBROSHYNSKA WHITE AND GREY BREED GROUP

FOR SLAUGHTER QUALITIES OF THE OBROSHYNSKA WHITE AND GREY BREED GROUP