Water Treatment Unit Research Articles

Modification of Sea Water Scrubber System into Fresh Water of Inert Gas System on the Crude Oil Tanker 85,000 DWT

Each ship carrying a hydrocarbon must be equipped with an inert gas system. On tankers, the function of inert gas is to prevent fires or explosions caused by oxygen levels contained in cargo tanks. Inert gas is produced by cleaning the exhaust gas boiler using a sea water scrubber system. However, seawater has corrosive properties that cause the use of material in scrubber system components to be resistant to corrosion. Therefore, through this research a modification of the sea water scrubber system was made into a freshwater scrubber system. The advantages of a freshwater scrubber system include a low corrosive level that causes the use of inexpensive materials. Modification of seawater scrubber systems into fresh water causes additional components to be made, including adding NaOH tank, expansion tank of freshwater, seawater pumps, freshwater pumps, NaOH pumps, heat exchanger, and wash water treatment unit. Economic calculations are carried out to determine the installation costs and operational costs needed from this modification. Based on the technical and economical analysis, modification of the sea water scrubber system into fresh water inert gas system of Crude Oil Tanker 85,000 DWT can be done with an estimated installation cost of 1.5 Bill. Rupiahs.

An Analytical Model to Predict the Effects of Suspended Solids in Injected Water on the Oil Displacement Efficiency during Waterflooding

Suspended solids in the injection water cause impairment of water injectivity during waterflooding operations. Suspended solids affect reservoir properties and decrease the permeability of reservoir rocks causing an increase of injection pressure and a decrease in water injectivity. Removal of all suspended solids from injection water is an expensive and economically unfeasible process. To minimize the effects of suspended solids to the formation, it is necessary to determine an impairment mechanism of suspended solids on oil displacement and, therefore, optimize the water treatment process. In this paper, an analytical model that describes the relationship between injection water quality and impairment mechanisms on oil displacement is presented. A formation impairment was calculated, introducing the parameter called impairment ratio, which represents the ratio between suspended solids and pore size distribution of reservoir rock. Based on the impairment ratio, decreases in porosity and permeability were calculated with changes in capillary pressure, relative permeability, and displacement efficiency. The model was tested for three different types of injection water. Results indicated the presence of formation impairment even with the smallest particles. Suspended solids had the greatest influence on porosity and permeability impairment. The model could be used as input for reservoir modelling studies for monitoring and controlling displacement efficiency during waterflooding as well as for planning and modification of water treatment units.

Small-scale drinking water treatment unit of filtration and UV disinfection for remote area

AbstractPeople in remote areas are still drinking surface water that may contain certain pollutants including harmful microorganisms and chemical compounds directly without any pretreatment. In this study, we have designed and operated a pilot-scale drinking water treatment unit as part of our aim to find an economic and easily operable technology for providing drinking water to people in those areas. Our small-scale treatment unit contains filtration and disinfection (UV–C irradiation) stages to remove pollutants from source water. The water quality index was determined based on various parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon and bacteria. Water and media samples after DNA extraction were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq throughput sequencing for the determination of bacterial community composition. After the raw water treatment, the reduction of bacteria concentration ranged from 1 to 2 log10. The average removal of the turbidity, ammonium, nitrite, phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon reached up to 95.33%, 85.71%, 100%, 28.57%, and 45%, respectively. In conclusion, multiple biological stages in our designed unit showed an improvement of the drinking water quality. The designed drinking treatment unit produces potable water meeting standards at a lower cost of operation and it can be used in remote areas.

Calculation of Engineering waste Water Treatment Units

Calculation of Engineering waste Water Treatment Units

Study on florfenicol-contained feeds delivery in Dicentrarchus labrax seawater recirculating and flowing aquaculture systems

Florfenicol (FLO) is the most commonly used antibiotic in aquaculture for various fish bacterial disease treatments. To ensure that low amounts of residue occur in cultured aquatic products, it is important to study the depletion of antibiotics in the process of aquaculture. Recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) is a promising aquaculture model with high water utilization that could effectively reduce nutrient concentrations; however, the fate of antibiotics under recirculating conditions is still unclear. In the present study, European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were fed with FLO-medicated feeds at 10 mg/kg body weight/d for 10 d and the FLO depletion from water and tissues in RAS and flowing aquaculture system (FAS) cultures for 20 d were evaluated. The FLO residues in the RAS and FAS outlet peaked at 3 h and decreased to levels comparable to the pretreatment level at 12 h. With prolonged feeding, FLO was prone to accumulate in the RAS and peaked at 2.06 μg/L at 10 d of treatment, which was significantly higher than that in the FAS. To further compare the contributions among the water treatment units in the RAS, protein skimmer showed the most effective depletion of FLO, and then UV disinfection device and biofilter. Moreover, FLO showed the highest bioconcentration factors (BCF) values in the gill and the BCFs in muscle and liver from fish in the RAS were higher than that in the FAS. The present study reports the FLO depletions in a saltwater RAS for the first time and evaluates the contributions of different treatment units of the RAS on FLO depletion. The results showed the preliminary distribution of FLO in the RAS, which is valuable information for applying antibiotics in aquaculture and the designing water treatment units for RASs.

Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Adsorptionof Cd21 and Pb21 Ions from Aqueous Solutionby Citric Acid Modified Maize Fibres

Maize fibres were pre-treated and chemically modified with 0.05 M citric acid. The adsorption of Cd21 and Pb21 ions onto the citric acid modified maize fibres was studied in batch experiment at ambient conditions. The study showed that the adsorption of Cd21 and Pb21 ions depends on metal ion concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used to model the equilibrium data. Based on linear regression value r2, the adsorption fits Langmuir adsorption model well compared that of Freundlich. The maximum binding capacity of the metal ions as obtained from the Langmuir fit were 4.93 and 4.88 mg g21 for Cd21 and Pb21 ions, respectively. The value of Freundlich constants, n and kF, obtained from Freundlich fit were 2.63 mg g21 and 0.60 for Cd21 and 2.79 mg g21 and 0.68 for Pb21. The rate constant and r2 values as obtained from pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and intra-particle diffusion plots were 2.6 3 1022 min21, 0.997; 9.7 3 1022 g mg21 min21, 0.985 and 2.6 3 1022 min21, 0.997, respectively, for Cd21, while those for Pb21 were 2.6 3 1022 min21, 0.993; 7.1 3 1022 g mg21 min21, 0.990 and 2.6 3 1022 min21, 0.993, respectively. The r2 values showed that the metal ion adsorption onto citric acid modified maize fibres follows pseudo first-order kinetics and is controlled by intra-particle diffusion. This study suggests that citric acid modified maize fibres can be used in simple water treatment units to remove Cd21 and Pb21 ions.

Assessment of microbial contamination levels of water in hemodialysis centers in Baghdad, Iraq.

Monitoring water quality in hemodialysis systems is extremely important to maintain adequate quality services for patients suffering from kidney failure. This work aims to examine and evaluate bacteriological characteristics and endotoxin contamination levels in hemodialysis water produced in dialysis centers. Forty-eight water samples were collected and analyzed from four major hospitals in Baghdad for one year to evaluate seasonal effects. The analysis included the determination of total heterotrophic bacteria using the pour plate method, identification of bacterial isolate using the Vitek2 compact instrument, and the determination of endotoxins levels using Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) method. In addition, tap water samples (a source for the hemodialysis water) were also examined bacteriologically. Results showed that 44% of the tested samples for bacterial levels are higher than the maximum value of (100CFU/ml) set out by the international standards. Endotoxin values for these centers fluctuated during the study period, and 44% of them exceeded the international standards (>0.25 EU/ml). These results call for applying improved technology to modify the existing water treatment units for better control and for national standardization of the microbiological quality of hemodialysis water. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Four hemodialysis centers were assessed by measuring the bacteriological and endotoxins levels of their feed and product water. Product water showed elevated levels of bacteria that exceeded the international guideline value of 100CFU/ml. Most of the identified bacterial species were Gram-negative that arise the possibility of contributing to endotoxin generation. Product water showed fluctuated values of endotoxins. About 44% of the measured samples were higher than the international guideline values of 0.25 EU/ml.

К вопросу водоочистки в гидроциклонах на системах комбинированного орошения

At the stage of water treatment for irrigation systems, the efficiency capture coarse and fine mechanical impurities, as well as oil products and organic compounds affects the reliability of the equipment of the irrigation network and the safety of energy exchange processes in irrigated agricultural landscapes. The violation of work irrigation system can cause disruptions in irrigation schedules of agricultural crops, crop shortages, degradation phenomena on the soil and ecological tension. For the combined irrigation system, a water treatment unit has been developed, representing a hydrocyclone apparatus with a pipe filter in the case. For the capacity of 250 m3/h the main geometrical dimensions of hydrocyclone have been calculated. To organize the capture petroleum products and organic compounds, it has been proposed a modernization of a hydrocyclone unit, consisting in dividing the cylindrical part of the apparatus into two section. The first is section is for input irrigation water, the second one is for additional drainage of clarified irrigation water after sorption purification by the filter, placed on the disk and installed coaxially with the drain pipe and the pipe filter.

Degradation of diuron in water by electrochemical advanced oxidation in a microreactor: effects of anion contamination on degradation and toxicity

Diuron is a toxic herbicide that has contaminated underground and surface water and caused serious problems in many countries. Diuron residues in water can be treated using electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs), and microreactor EAOPs can be developed into portable water treatment units for use in contaminated areas. Up to 91 % of diuron in 10 ppm solution could be degraded within 100 s of residence time in the microreactor. Nitrates and sulfates, which are anions commonly found in natural water, retard EAOP degradation of diuron by scavenging hydroxyl radicals and suppressing hydroxyl radical generation at the anode by adsorbing to the anode surface. The apparent first-order rate constant for diuron degradation is decreased from 2.69 × 10−2 s−1 in deionized water to 1.81 × 10−2 and 1.64 × 10−2 s−1, in water containing 50 mM nitrate and 50 mM sulfate, respectively. Sulfate does not alter the diuron degradation pathway, but nitrate forms reactive species that interact with diuron and its degradation intermediates. The concentrations of intermediates increase when the EAOP is made less effective by the presence of nitrate or sulfate, but the intermediates are less toxic than diuron. At a long residence time (e.g., 100 s), EAOP treatment decreases diuron toxicity more when the water is contaminated with nitrate or sulfate than when the water is pure, under the same conditions.

ПРАКТИКА ПЕРЕДПРОЕКТНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ ПІД ЧАС ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ СХЕМ ВОДНОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА

Improving the process of initial design data preparation at the stage of preliminary design of sustainable indusrtrial water networks (including natural water and wastewater treatment networks, water usage networks, as well as waste collection & disposal networks). An effective synthesis of optimal chemical-engineering systems based on the process integration paradigm requires, first of all, the proper quality of the initial data for the design. Evidence-based principles for the collection and processing of input data based on methods of mathematical statistics were proposed. Procedures for the preparation of initial grassroot/retrofit design data were developed. The purpose of procedures developed was compilation of water balances, parametric identification of mathematical models of water users, water treatment units and other units of the water management networks, etc. The problem of collecting and processing the initial data for the industrial water economy networks design (including water usage networks, wastewater collection, disposal and treatment networks as well as water conditioning and purification networks) in the absence of a systematic accumulation of such data at the enterprise was raised. The proposed systematic scientific approach was based on the methods of mathematical statistics. The proposed approach provides the formalization of knowledge for creating computer-aided systems of water economy sustainable design. In order to support decision-making at the preliminary design research stage, the specialized software was developed. The developed software was a component of a computer-aided system of water networks design based on the principles of process integration in accordance with the sustainable development paradigm. The proposed concepts of a priori analysis at the preliminary design stage was illustrated by an industrial case study. As an example, the identification of mathematical models of a pharmaceutical enterprise water usage units was presented.

Arsenic in geoenvironments of Nicaragua: Exposure, health effects, mitigation and future needs.

In contrast to other Latin American countries, where the presence of arsenic (As) in drinking water sources and related adverse human health impacts are well-known, little is internationally known from Nicaragua. However, the As problem is of high relevance as numerous assessments by national research, governmental and non-governmental institutions have proven. To assess for the first time and globally disseminate this predominantly nationally originated information is the aim of this review. In Nicaragua, >1000 water samples have been analyzed for total As from 1991 to 2017. By today, 144 communities distributed within 12 departments and one autonomous region (RACCS) are impacted with As. At least 55,700 people are exposed to drinking water with As (n=173; range: 10-1320μg/L, mean: 48.30μg/L; 21.95%). Arsenic in surface water ranged from 0.99 to 2650μg/L (n = 124, mean: 65.62μg/L, 62.9%<10μg/L); and in groundwater from 0.10 to 1320μg/L [n=624, mean: 20.86μg/L (70.7%<10μg/L)]. The highest As concentration was recorded from a well of the El Zapote community in 1996 (1320μg/L), alerting national authorities and academic's to research As in water sources and health risks. Since then, 10μg As/L has been the national regulatory limit for drinking water supplies. Occurrence of high As levels is linked to three geoenvironments: (i) Paleocene-Mesozoic metamorphic rocks (Northern Highlands) where As is present in epithermal veins, (ii) Tertiary volcanic rocks (Central Plateau) where As is related to fossil hydrothermal/volcanic systems, (iii) Quaternary rocks (Nicaragua Depression) where As is caused by active geothermal/volcanic activities. No mitigation measures have been implemented. Incipient water treatment efforts (Kanchan filters activated carbon) have failed because they were not socially accepted. More integrated, cross-sectorial research on genesis, health impacts and problem mitigation is needed. Provision of water treatment units for As removal on a single-household and community scale is needed, calling for the cooperation of national entities with communities in problem detection and solving.

ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ КОНСТРУКТИВНО-РЕЖИМНЫХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ГИДРОЦИКЛОНА С УЧЕТОМ НАТУРНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ

Cylindrical-conical pressure hydrocyclones are characterized by high productivity and efficiency indicators of water treatment from mechanical impurities at a relatively small size and cost, low resource costs for operation, which makes their use promising as a water treatment unit in the circulating water distribution systems of domestic and foreign industry. The purpose of the research is development of the construction of a filtering hydrocyclone and assessment of the impact of the fl ow characteristics and size of the sand pipe on the separative power of the apparatus in the process of water teratment from mechanical impurities. The presented design of the hydrocyclone apparatus with a filter drain pipe allows to increase water treatment rates from mechanical impurities including by trapping the smallest suspensions. As a result of experimental research of the effect of the flow characteristics and size of the sand pipe on the separative power of the apparatus, the technological and construction parameters of the PH-100 hydrocyclone with various versions of the drain pipe providing maximum efficiency of water treatment from mechanical impurities have been established. The graphoanalytic solution of the obtained regression equations has allowed us to establish that a hydrocyclone with a solid side wall drain pipe provides the maximum degree of water treatment from mechanical impurities at the level of 85.4% at a flow rate of 6.5 m3/h and a 12 mm diameter of the sand pipe. Replacing the standard construction drain pipe with a filtering side surface drain pipe increases the integral degree of water treatment from mechanical impurities to 96.4% with the same flow parameters and diameter of the sand pipe.

Bio-Foam Internals for Potential Water Treatment Units Adapted to Marine Applications: Hydrodynamic Study

Reliance on harmless and renewable resources to mitigate process environmental footprint has become increasingly important for the design and operation of sustainable processes. One challenge that is prevalent in marine water surface contamination concerns treatment and recovery from oil spills where efforts are needed to design emergency units adapted to marine conditions. Potential candidates are naturally-grown porous loofa (bio-foam) materials which can be integrated in floating units transportable to the contamination area. For this purpose, a hexapod platform motion simulator was employed to emulate sea-driven floating movements of a column packed with two loofa bio-foam packings (dense and open-cell samples) and operated in cocurrent gas-liquid upflow mode. The column hydrodynamic behaviour was monitored by means of capacitance wire mesh sensors and electrical capacitance tomography for various inclination and rolling parameters. In the case of dense bio-foam packing, the relatively even distribution of gas and liquid in the vertical bed tended to degrade as the bed tilted up to 15°. Column rolling prompted fluid displacements in bed crosswise planes inducing notable amplitude oscillations of the local liquid saturation. Kerosene exhibited a strong foaming behavior with promotion of earlier inception of pulsing flow as a function of column inclination as compared to water.

Identifying treatment schemes for fruit and vegetable wash-water.

The fresh-cut fruit and vegetable sector continues to expand as consumers are looking for fresh yet convenient ready-to-eat foods. The driving force behind this increase is the many health benefits that researchers continue to report for fruits and vegetables. Investigations have shown that the processing of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables generates about 5 L of wastewater (wash-water) per kg of produce, whether it is fruit, leafy greens or root vegetables. This wash-water requires treatment prior to disposal or recycling. Generic water treatment units are too expensive for most small to medium sized operations, which require more affordable technologies. Even though there are a variety of treatment technologies available, the challenge for producers and regulators is that the selection of the appropriate treatment technology is difficult, and tools are needed to help make the decisions. Data for the research was collected by collecting samples from two different types of operation, washing and washing and processing. Various bench scale treatment processes where then tested, including settling, coagulation and flocculation with settling, centrifuge, dissolved air flotation, electrocoagulation, screening and hydrocyclone. The decisions tools developed decision matrices to summarize the removal effectiveness of the different treatments for typical wastewater parameters and serve as a reference tool in understanding wash-water treatment technologies and their effectiveness in treating various wash-waters. The data was then further analyzed to develop predictive correlations for raw wash-waters, followed by the development of models that identified which treatment process worked best for the type of wash-water being handled. Combining the decision matrices, correlations, and models also show the potential for water reuse. For example, wash-water high in suspended solids can be treated by electrocoagulation and settling. The tools provide information that growers, government and consultants can use in determining treatment options that were not previously available or studied in literature.

Study of Drinking Water Production in Water Treatment Plant “X” using Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point Method

Water Treatment Plant (WTP) “X” consists of intake, aerator, pre-sedimentation, coagulation, clearator, filter and reservoir. In the production of drinking water, several problems are encountered that threaten the process. These constraints affect the production target in regard to quality. Minister of Health Regulation No. 492 of 2010 about Requirements for Quality of Drinking Water stated every drinking water provider is obliged to guarantee the drinking water it produces is safe for human health, meeting the quality standards of physical, chemical and biological parameters. This study used Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point method. Hazard Analysis is an analytical method to identify the presence of hazards and risks in the supply production chain so the control management can be established. The existence of hazards in production process will cause losses in terms of economics and also customer trust. This method reviewed based on laboratory results of water quality and the existing conditions of operational in production process. The analysis and evaluation of its existing conditions using HACCP method generates information that the biggest source of risk that affects the quality of production is found in the operations of each processing unit and fluctuations of its debit. The corrective actions that can be taken to prevent the occurrence of failures in the production system are improving the performance of the water treatment units, discharge settings according to unit capacity, there must be modification of the flocculation and aeration process, also improvement of workers' insights regarding water quality in accordance with SNI 01-4852-1998.

Ecofriendly land-based spiny lobster (Panulirus sp.) rearing with biofilter application in recirculating aquaculture system

The aim of the study was to create water treatment units for ecofriendly landbased spiny lobster rearing. Recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) is widely used because it is more environmentally friendly. Water quality requirement for spiny lobster cultivation are DO>4 mg/L and ammonia (NH3) less than 0.1/mgL. Attachment growth biofilter with sponge media used for reducing ammonia. Hydraulic loading rate 200 m3 m−2day−1 was used to evaluate biofilter TAN removal. Ammonia (NH3) concentration during the study range between 0.006-0.02 mg/L, total ammonia nitrogen 0.0-0.26 mg/L and DO concentrations at 6.29-6.54 mg/L. Volumetric TAN removal average value during the 24-hour observation was 23.33 g TANm3day and lobster survival rate reach 91.89%. This water treatment unit comply water quality requirements for lobster cultivation, and also can be used for other fishery commodities by adjusting their capacity to meet specific water quality standard.

An Analysis of Energy Consumption and the Use of Renewables for a Small Drinking Water Treatment Plant

One of the pressing issues currently faced by the water industry is incorporating sustainability considerations into design practice and reducing the carbon emissions of energy-intensive processes. Water treatment, an indispensable step for safeguarding public health, is an energy-intensive process. The purpose of this study was to analyze the energy consumption of an existing drinking water treatment plant (DWTP), then conduct a modeling study for using photovoltaics (PVs) to offset that energy consumption, and thus reduce emissions. The selected plant, located in southwestern United States, treats 0.425 m3 of groundwater per second by utilizing the processes of coagulation, filtration, and disinfection. Based on the energy consumption individually determined for each unit process (validated using the DWTP’s data), the DWTP was sized for PVs (as a modeling study). The results showed that the dependency of a DWTP on the traditional electric grid could be greatly reduced by the use of PVs. The largest consumption of energy was associated with the pumping operations, corresponding to 150.6 Wh m−3 for the booster pumps to covey water to the storage tanks, while the energy intensity of the water treatment units was found to be 3.1 Wh m−3. A PV system with a 1.5 MW capacity with battery storage (30 MWh) was found to have a positive net present value and a levelized cost of electricity of 3.1 cents kWh−1. A net reduction in the carbon emissions was found as 950 and 570 metric tons of CO2-eq year−1 due to the PV-based design, with and without battery storage, respectively.

Diagnosis, recommendations and optimization for potable water treatment plant in Cauca (Colombia)

Currently the water supply system in the municipality of Corinto (Cauca) in Colombia provides drinking water to the entire urban and rural population of the municipality. In order to provide drinking water to the entire population, it became necessary to optimize and/or expand the existing water treatment plant. The article presents an assessment of the consideration of two optimization options: the need for reconstruction of existing water treatment facilities or the construction of additional water treatment units. A reasonable proposal was made to expand the station by building additional water treatment units, including advanced modern water treatment technologies, such as coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, sorption, settling using thin-layer modules and disinfection, based on the survey (diagnostics), technical and economic analysis, analysis of the efficiency of the existing water treatment plant, taking into account the quality of drinking water preparation, confirmed by the analysis of samples, the results of physical, chemical and microbiological tests, indicating the optimal quality of drinking water for human consumption. The use of modern water treatment technologies will allow to achieve the required quality of purified sufficient water for drinking purpose.

Water filter with central perforated pipe for livestock complexes

Improving the livestock sector is a priority for the development of agricultural production in the Russian Federation. The development of animal husbandry to a certain extent depends on the use of clean drinking water. The use of contaminated drinking water for animals and birds leads to the accumulation of harmful and toxic substances in meat, milk and eggs. The use of such products by people significantly affects their health, leads to various diseases and shortens life expectancy. To filter water from various impurities, slotted filters are used in livestock complexes that do not provide high-quality water purification. A prototype of a filter for water purification with a central perforated pipe with a productivity of 5 m3/h with an increased service life of the filter bag has been developed. The developed filter provides water purification from high concentration of salts of iron, manganese, chlorine, hardness salts, hydrogen sulfide, pesticides, and also various organic compounds. The purified water is clean and transparent, has a pleasant taste, contains the optimal chemical composition of various impurities, does not contain pathogens and helminth eggs, and therefore meets the high sanitary and hygienic requirements for the safe drinking water for farm animals in the water treatment line of the livestock complex. It can also be used in chemical water treatment units of thermal power plants and other organizations.

Optimization of ceramic foam fabrication for removal of aluminium ion from aqueous solutions

Residual aluminium ion in water after the coagulation step in water and wastewater treatment units is a health issue that requires an effective solution. A kind of ceramic foam is developed that can be utilized to remove aluminium ions from water. Ceramic material was coated in slurry form over polyurethane sponge that is used as a structure. Full factorial experiments were performed to study the effects of polymeric sponge number, number of immersions in the slurry, sintering temperature, and soaking time on ceramic foam properties. Fabrication conditions are modeled and adjusted such that the optimum ceramic foam attained good adsorption capacity while having necessary compression strength to be used as packing. The optimum ceramic foam was obtained to be a 20 sponge number with four times immersions in slurry and the sintering occurred at 860 °C in 135 min. Characterizations of optimum ceramic foam were performed by SEM imaging and measuring specific surface area, porosity, density, and determining adsorption isotherm. The maximum measured adsorption capacity of ceramic foam at 25 °C was 3.0639 mgg−1. Regeneration tests were performed using a 0.001 M HCl solution. It is observed that 76 % of adsorption capacity can be maintained by the first cycle, and after ten times of the adsorption/desorption cycles, this value reaches to 19.7 %.