Protection and rational use of agricultural land resources is an urgent subject of scientific research and a state task due to new challenges to humanity: the growth of the Earth’s population, climate change, deterioration and soil fertility. In this regard, the article examines the resource security of land use. In particular, the authors analyze the availability of sown areas and their structure in Ukraine for 1990-2021 and conclude that their reduction by 12.4% and irrational use, namely: non-compliance with the Standards of optimal ratio of crops in crop rotations in different natural and agricultural regions, especially standards for areas under fodder crops, perennial and annual grasses. The article also analyzes the preservation of the balance between the removal of nutrients from the soil by crops and compensatory application of mineral and organic fertilizers. The authors conclude that catastrophically low levels of organic fertilizer application due to repeated shrinkage of livestock and poultry in 1990-2020. As a result, the fertility of agricultural land is reduced, the soil loses the most valuable component – humus. The article identifies phenomena dangerous to the resource security of agriculture: significant spread of water and wind erosion, salinization and acidification, intensive mechanical tillage, soil pollution due to emissions from industrial enterprises, livestock complexes, vehicles (especially cars), violations of the rules of extraction, transportation and processing of minerals, application and storage of agrochemicals and pesticides, utilization and storage of waste. The authors substantiate the feasibility of greening agricultural land use using the following areas and methods: carrying out of the proper land management and streamlining of structure of sown areas according to the specifications approved by the government; improving the balance between removal and compensatory application of nutrients through the use of green manure, straw, nutrient residues, sapropel, peat, vermiculture development; streamlining of lease relations in order to strengthen land protection; anti-erosion measures, liming and plastering of soils; improvement of agricultural machinery in order to significantly reduce the physical degradation of arable land; reduction of field pollution by industrial, transport and other emissions; changes in attitudes to land use, the development of its ecological culture