Water-soluble Form Research Articles

EFFECT OF A WATER-SOLUBLE FORM OF QUERCETIN ON THE DISINTEGRATION OF PERIODONTAL ORGANIC MATRIX IN RATS EXPOSED TO THE SYSTEMIC ADMINISTRATION OF SALMONELLA TYPHI LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE

The experiment on 30 white rats was designed to investigate the effect of a water-soluble form of quercetin on collagenolysis and depolymerization of proteoglycans and glycoproteins in both soft and bone tissues of periodontium under the conditions of systemic administration of S. typhi lipopolysaccharide. The animals were divided into 3 groups: the 1st group included intact animals, the 2nd group involved the animals exposed to the systemic administration of S. typhi lipopolysaccharide (pyrogenal), the 3rd group was made up the rats, which were given a water-soluble complex of quercetin and polyvinylpyrrolidone (corvitin) intraperitoneally in a dose of 500 mg / kg (10 mg / kg in terms of quercetin) every 3 days, starting from the 30th day of the experiment. The latter was administered in a dose of 0.4 μg/kg 3 times during the 1st week and once a week for the next 7 weeks. Collagenolysis was assessed by the concentration of free hydroxyproline; the level of depolymerisation of proteoglycans and glycoproteins was assessed by the content of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) respectively. The introduction of quercetin in the experimental conditions significantly reduced the concentration of free hydroxyproline in soft and bone periodontal tissues by 27.3 and 26.7%, GAG – by 36.3 and 39.9%, and NANA – by 17.6 and 46.8%, respectively compared to the values of the 2nd group. The coefficient of root exposure in molars was inferior to the findings in the group with the modelled systemic inflammatory response by 26.9%. It can be concluded that the use of quercetin in the systemic lipopolysaccharide administration significantly reduces the depolymerisation of the components of the organic matrix in soft and bone periodontal tissues (collagen, proteoglycans and sialoglycoproteins), and limits the resorption of the alveolar process in jaws.

A Water-Soluble Microencapsulated Milk Thistle Extract as Active Ingredient for Dermal Formulations.

The choice of formulation is often of crucial importance in order to obtain a pharmaceutical product for the administration of poorly soluble drugs. Recently, a new water-soluble microparticulate powder form (MTE-mp) for the oral administration of a high functionality/low solubility silymarin rich milk thistle extract (MTE) has been developed. Findings showed that extract-loaded microparticles by spray-drying were produced with high and reproducible yields and encapsulation efficiency. The in vitro dissolution and permeation rates of silymarin were dramatically improved with respect to the raw material, and also enhanced the silymarin anti-inflammatory abilities. Given these successful results, the new MTE-mp delivery system has been proposed as an active ingredient for dermal applications. The aim of this research was the design and development of two topical formulations, hydrogel and emulgel (O/W emulsion), containing the MTE-mp delivery system or MTE raw extract. All the formulations were compared to each other in terms of handling and incorporation amount of the active ingredient during the productive process. Moreover, the addition to the emulgel of lecithin (L) as enhancer of permeation was tested. The MTE-mp ingredient that resulted was stable and more-easily incorporated both in hydrogel and emulgel than raw MTE extract, obtaining the best permeation profile for MTE-mp from emulgel with the addition of L. The obtained results confirm that the MTE-mp system could be used as a stable, water-soluble, and easy-handling functional ingredient, giving the opportunity to develop new strategies for MTE delivery in health products.

Water-soluble form of vitamin D3 for the normalization of mineral metabolism in highly productive layers

Water-soluble form of vitamin D3 for the normalization of mineral metabolism in highly productive layers

Intestinal Permeability Study of Clinically Relevant Formulations of Silibinin in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers

An ever-growing number of preclinical studies have investigated the tumoricidal activity of the milk thistle flavonolignan silibinin. The clinical value of silibinin as a bona fide anti-cancer therapy, however, remains uncertain with respect to its bioavailability and blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. To shed some light on the absorption and bioavailability of silibinin, we utilized the Caco-2 cell monolayer model of human intestinal absorption to evaluate the permeation properties of three different formulations of silibinin: silibinin-meglumine, a water-soluble form of silibinin complexed with the amino-sugar meglumine; silibinin-phosphatidylcholine, the phytolipid delivery system Siliphos; and Eurosil85/Euromed, a milk thistle extract that is the active component of the nutraceutical Legasil with enhanced bioavailability. Our approach predicted differential mechanisms of transport and blood–brain barrier permeabilities between the silibinin formulations tested. Our assessment might provide valuable information about an idoneous silibinin formulation capable of reaching target cancer tissues and accounting for the observed clinical effects of silibinin, including a recently reported meaningful central nervous system activity against brain metastases.

Експериментальні дослідження кінетики розчинення капсульованих азотних добрив

Визначено зменшення техногенного навантаження на довкілля при зниженні швидкості розчинення азотних мінеральних добрив шляхом капсулювання їх фосфатами. Встановлено, що включення до складу фосфатовмісного покриття сорбентів і гуматів дає змогу змінювати характеристики органо-мінеральних добрив. Проведено експериментальні дослідження з кінетики розчинення азотних добрив, капсульованих оболонками на основі вітчизняних фосфоритових концентратів, визначено втрати поживних елементів з гранул і оцінено вплив складників фосфатовмісної оболонки на міграцію у ґрунт водорозчинних форм кадмію і свинцю. У ході лабораторних досліджень показано, що застосування оболонки на основі амонізованого суперфосфату та порошкоподібного фосфат-глауконітового концентрату Ново-Амвросіївського родовища призводить до істотного зниження швидкості розчинення азотного складника капсульованої гранули. Встановлено, що на зв'язування важких металів у нерозчинні комплекси позитивно впливають інтенсивність зволоження і властивості модифікованих добрив. Визначено, що зниження кислотності ґрунтових комплексів при введенні до складу фосфатовмісної оболонки гуматів лужних металів зменшує вміст водорозчинних форм важких металів у орному шарі і підвищує екологічну безпеку сільськогосподарського виробництва.

Concentrated Np- and Npk-Fertilizers Based on Kyzylkum Evaporated Phosphoric Acid, Carbamide and Potassium Chloride

In the paper the processes of carboammophos and carboammophos potassium preparation based on the ammonization of the samples by evaporated wet phosphoric acid (WPA) (35.92; 40.85; 46.41; 51.07% P2O5) to pH = 5.3 (to obtain ammophos pulp) and pH = 7.0 (to obtain diammophos pulp) with subsequent addition of 70% solution of urea and crystalline potassium chloride (60% K2O) were studied. Moreover, for urea-phosphate, weight ratio of the N: P2O5: K2O ranged from 1: 0.5 to 1: 1: 1 for the N: P2O5: K2O urea-phosphate-potassium from 1: 0.7: 0.3 to 1: 1: 1. To avoid loss of ammonia, the drying of NP- and NPK slurry based on diammonium phosphate (DAP) were produced not higher than 60 °C, and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) - first at 60°C, then at 100°C to constant weight (less than 1% H2O). It is shown that on the basis of both MAP and DAP slurry are obtaining, samples of urea-phosphate similar in composition and properties. And all brands of urea-phosphate-potassium contain a high concentration of nutrients (up to 19.7% N. 19.7% P2O5 and 19.7% K2O). Phosphorus in them is in a form digestible for plants. The strength of both NPK and NPK fertilizer granules satisfies the requirements of agriculture. Such fertilizers in agriculture are in great demand
 Experimental Design: Determination of total,l digestible, and water soluble forms of phosphorus (P2O5total, P2O5deg. P2O5water) was performed on KFK-3 (λ= 440 nm) as phosphorus-vanadium-molybdenum complex. This method is based on measuring the light transmission of yellow phosphorus-vanadium-molybdenum complex relative to the reference solution containing a certain amount of phosphates. Slurry pH was adjusted and determined by potentiometric method on ionometer I-130M (Russia). The mass was cooled, and then scattered by the size of the particles. Granules with a size of 2-3 mm were subjected to strength testing. The static strength of the granules was determined according to State standard 21560.2-82. This method based on crushing the granules using for that specified weights on scale called MIP 10-1 (Russia), which indicate kgf/cm2 per granule. Further dried granules of the fertilizer were performed chemical analysis. Digestible forms of P2O5 were determined by solubility in both 2% citric acid and 0.2 M solution of Trilon B (EDTA). The nitrogen content in the products was determined by Kjeldahl — distillation of ammonia in an alkaline medium with Devard alloy followed by titration of 0.1N NaOH. 
 Findings: Preparation process consists of as follow:
 First slurry of ammophos and diammophos were prepared by neutralization of evaporated WPA containing 35.92; 40.85; 46.41; 51.07% P2O5 to pH = 5.3 (to obtain ammophos pulp) and pH = 7.0 to obtain diammophos pulp; Second to obtain NP fertilizer 70% solution of carbamide was added to MAP and DAP slurry at 60° C followed by stirring thorough. Then NP slurry was dried not higher than 100 °C for MAP and not higher than 60 °C for DAP, respectively; Third to prepare NPK fertilizer 70% solution of urea and crystalline potassium chloride (60% K2O) were added to MAP and DAP slurries. Next NPK slurry was dried not higher than 100 °C for MAP and not higher than 60 °C for DAP, respectively; Fourth NP and NPK fertilizer were tested on static strength accordingly above mentioned study design using State standard 21560.2-82; Fifth dried granules NP and NPK fertilizers were analyzed on various form of P2O5 including N and K2O. The latter was evaluated by calculation from difference N and P2O5 accordingly weight ratio N:K and N:P2O5:K2O equal to 1:0.5; 1:0.7; 1:1 and 1:0.3:1; 1:0.5:1; 1:1:1 respectively.

Dose-dependent genotoxicity of ammonia-modified graphene oxide particles in lung cancer cells

Graphene oxide (GO), the water soluble form of 2D graphene, has received much attention because of its attractive properties for a wide range of applications and products. Surface modification with different functional groups can improve GO biocompatibility for further biomedical applications. In the present study we have evaluated genotoxicity of pristine and ammonia-modified graphene oxide (GO-NH2) nanoparticles (NPs) in a human lung epithelial cell line, A549, exposed for 24 h to different concentrations of NPs (0.1, 1, 10, 20 and 50 μg/ml). Quantification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) indicated that exposure to higher concentrations of both types of NPs resulted in enhanced ROS generation. The observed comet tail migration in the method of Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis in the cells treated with 20 and 50 μg/ml GO and GO-NH2 indicated presence of damages in DNA. Cell cycle analysis showed that after treatment of A549 cells with increasing concentrations of NPs for 24h the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle decreased while the percentage of cells in G2/M increased. The presented results suggest that ammonia-modified GO NPs applied at concentrations higher than 20 μg/ml induced stronger toxicity effect in A549 cells compared to pristine GO and that the use of low concentrations of GO and GO-NH2 NPs is important to avoide adverse biological effects.

The Generation of Superoxide Radicals by Cardiac Mitochondria and the Antioxidant Effect of the Water-Soluble Form of Ubiquinol-10

We have studied the effect of the water-soluble form of ubiquinol-10 (CoQ10-H2) on the processes of electron transport, oxidative phosphorylation, and the formation of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria isolated from the hearts of Wistar rats. It has been shown that preincubation of isolated mitochondria with different concentrations of ubiquinol-10 has only a minor effect on the rate of oxygen uptake and respiratory control. The interaction of ubiquinol-10 with superoxide radicals formed in complex III (bc1 segment) of cardiac mitochondria has been studied using the EPR spin trapping and EPR oximetry method. Ubiquinol-10 has been found to act as an efficient antioxidant within the physiological range of the lipid concentrations, while the magnitude and kinetic characteristics of the antiradical effect depend on the drug concentration.

Analysis of the Glycosylation Profile of Disease-Associated Water-Soluble Prion Protein Using Lectins.

The disease-associated water-soluble form of hamster prion protein (ws-PrPSc) has recently been found to be less stable than classical PrPSc. Since the stability of PrP to degradation correlates with its glycosylation level, the aim of this study was to investigate whether there are differences between the glycosylation of ws-PrPSc and classical PrPSc of hamster which might account for the ws-PrPSc minor stability compared with that of the classical PrPSc. Thus, ws-PrP and classical PrP were captured from noninfected or scrapie-infected hamster brain homogenate [high-speed supernatant (SHS) and high-speed pellet (PHS)] and blood plasma by anti-PrP antibodies (3F4 and 6H4) and subjected to screening for glycans by lectins under denaturing or nondenaturing procedures in a sandwich lectin-ELISA. Glycans have been found in minor quantities and differently exposed on ws-PrPSc from SHS and plasma compared with classical PrPSc from PHS. These differences have been shown to be potentially responsible for the instability of ws-PrPSc. Treatment of infected blood with GdnHCl significantly (P<0.01) increased the detection of ws-PrPSc in ELISA, reflecting an increase in its stability, and showed efficacy in removing high-abundance proteins in silver-stained gels. This increase in ws-PrPSc stability is due to an interaction of GdnHCl not only with high-abundance proteins but also with the ws-PrPSc glycosylation with particular regard to the mannose sugar. Analysis of lectins immunoreactivity toward total proteins from plasma collected before and at different time points after infection revealed that mannose might exert a stabilizing effect toward all of hamster blood glycoproteins, regardless of scrapie infection. Since low levels of ws-PrPSc/soluble-infectivity have been estimated both in blood and brain of hamster, this glycosylation-related instability may have negatively influenced the propensity of ws-PrPC to convert to ws-PrPSc both in blood and the brain. Therefore, PrPC glycosylation characteristics may provide a tool for the determination risk of prion transmissibility.

THE INFLUENCE OF MICROBIAL PREPARATION ON THE MIGRATION OF WATER SOLUBLE FORMS OF COPPER IN SOIL–PLANT SYSTEM AND GRAIN QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT

One of the most dangerous and most widespread chemical pollutions of the biosphere are heavy metals (HM). Therefore, the assessment of their biogenic migration in the "soil–plant" system and the search for ways to reduce toxic effects on the environment are priority and relevant. The task of our researches consisted of the determination of influence the microbial preparation Phosphoenterin on the migration of water soluble forms of copper in the soil–plant system and grain quality (protein and gluten content) at growing winter wheat under the conditions of model field experiments. The quantitative content of water soluble forms of copper in soil samples (chernozem southern calcareous) and plants (roots, straw, grain) by atomic absorption analysis has been obtained. The content of gluten and protein in the grain of winter wheat was determined by infrared spectroscopy. The positive effect of the microbial preparation Phosphoenterin on the migration of water soluble forms of copper in the soil–plant system was established. In the rhizosphere of inoculated plants their accumulation decreased by 29-39 %, roots – 7-28 %, straw – 7-39 %, grain -– 6-40 % in comparison to the control variant. Correlation analysis showed the presence of direct, close, reliable relationships between the content of water soluble Cu compounds in the rhizosphere, roots, straw and winter wheat grain (r=0.89-0.98). The positive effect of presowing inoculation of seeds on the quality (protein and gluten content increased to 15% and 28% against 13 % and 24% on the control variant, respectively) of grain winter wheat, growing on a natural background has been showed.

Influence of biochar on the soil structure and the content of potassium forms

The results of the laboratory experiment on the effect of biochar on the content of various forms of potassium and the structure of gray forest medium-loamy soil during incubation for 42 days at optimum humidity are presented. The object of the study was a birch biochar obtained with the use of a fast pyrolysis plant from crushed waste plywood production. It was shown that the introduction of birch biochar into the soil resulted in the increase in the content of aggregates of the optimal size according to dry sieving measures. The best results were obtained with the biochar dose of 10%. Introduction of birch biochar into the soil resulted in the enrichment of its water-soluble, exchangeable and reserve potassium forms. The total content of potassium did not change.

Machine learning methods for estimation the indicators of phosphogypsum influence in soil

The full understanding of the effect of mineral waste-based fertilizer in soil is still unrelieved, because of the extreme complex chemical composition and plethora of their action pathways. The purposes of this paper is to quantify the input of PG into the soil ecosystem process, considering the direct effects of PG as a whole on soil environment using of a plethora of chemical, toxicological, and biological tests. Greenhouse experiment includes different PG doses (0, 1%, 3%, 7.5%, 15%, 25%, and 40%) and two-time collection points after treatments—7 and 28 days. For each treatment and each time collection point, we measure (i) soil pH, bioavailable (H20 and NH4COOH-extractable) element content (S, P, K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn, Sr, Ba, F); (ii) soil enzyme activities—dehydrogenase, urease, acid phosphatase, FDA; (iii) soil CO2 respiration activity with and without glucose addition; (iv) Eisenia fetida, Sinapis alba, and Avena sativa responses. Finally, we combine the ordinary chemical, toxicology, and biological measuring of soil properties with state-of-the-art mathematical analysis, namely (i) support vector machines (used for prediction), (ii) mutual information test (variable importance tasks), (iii) t-SNE and LLE algorithms (used for unsupervised classification). The results show similarity between the 0%, 1%, and 3% PG treatments in all collection times based on the toxicological and biological properties. Beyond 7.5% PG, some biological test was significantly inhibited in response to trace element stress. Among all tested parameters, soil urease activities, soil respiration activities after glucose addition, S. alba root lengths, and E. fetida survival rates show sensitivity to PG addition. Furthermore, the machine learning algorithms revealed that only several elements (mobile and water-soluble forms of Ca, Ba, Sr, S, and Na; water-soluble F) could be responsible to elevated soil toxicity for those indicators. SVR models were able to predict soil biological and ecotoxicity properties, and increasing numbers of randomly selected training examples from 50 to 90% of initial experimental data significantly improved model performance. At this study, we demonstrate benefits of unsupervised machine learning methods for investigating toxicity of man-made substances in soil that can be further applied to risk assessments of various toxins, which are of significant interest to environmental protection.

Synergistic effect of activated carbon and encapsulated trace element additive on methane production from anaerobic digestion of food wastes – Enhanced operation stability and balanced trace nutrition

Laboratory semi-continuous anaerobic digestion (AD) experiments were performed to investigate the effects of different supplements on the AD performance of food waste, specifically activated carbon (AC), encapsulated trace element additive (ETEA) and a combination of AC + ETEA. Results indicated that the operation stability of AD was enhanced through the addition of the additives. Compared with the control digester without any additive, AC, ETEA, and AC + ETEA increased the average methane yield by 34%, 22% and 50%, respectively. Chemical speciation analyses indicated that AC + ETEA supplementation increased the proportion of water soluble form of Ni by 11–23%, compared to ETEA single addition. Real-time PCR analyses showed that AC and ETEA supplementation synergistically facilitated the growth of bacterial and archaeal communities. Microbial community structure analysis revealed that AC + ETEA favored the enrichment of hydrolytic, acidogenic and acetogenic bacteria and methanogens.

Controlled release of corticosteroid with biodegradable nanoparticles for treating experimental autoimmune uveitis

Noninfectious uveitis is a potentially blinding ocular condition that often requires treatment with corticosteroids to prevent inflammation-related ocular complications. Severe forms of uveitis such as panuveitis that affects the whole eye often require a combination of topical and either regional or systemic corticosteroid. Regional corticosteroids are currently delivered inside the eye by intravitreal injection (e.g. Ozurdex®, an intravitreal dexamethasone implant). Intravitreal injection is associated with rare but potentially serious side effects, including endophthalmitis, retinal and vitreous hemorrhage, and retinal detachment. Subconjunctival (SCT) injection is a less invasive option that is a common route used for post-surgical drug administration and treatment of infection and severe inflammation. However, it is the water soluble form of dexamethasone, dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP), that has been demonstrated to achieve high intraocular penetration with subconjunctival injection. It is difficult to load highly water soluble drugs, such as DSP, and achieve sustained drug release using conventional encapsulation methods. We found that use of carboxyl-terminated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) allowed encapsulation of DSP into biodegradable nanoparticles (NP) with relatively high drug content (6% w/w) if divalent zinc ions were used as an ionic “bridge” between the PLGA and DSP. DSP-Zn-NP had an average diameter of 210 nm, narrow particle size distribution (polydispersity index ~0.1), and near neutral surface charge (−9 mV). DSP-Zn-NP administered by SCT injection provided detectable DSP levels in both the anterior chamber and vitreous chamber of the eye for at least 3 weeks. In a rat model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), inflammation was significantly reduced in both the front and back of the eye in animals that received a single SCT injection of DSP-Zn-NP as compared to animals that received either aqueous DSP solution or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). DSP-Zn-NP efficacy was evidenced by a reduced clinical disease score, decreased expression of various inflammatory cytokines, and preserved retinal structure and function. Furthermore, SCT DSP-Zn-NP significantly reduced microglia cell density in the retina, a hallmark of EAU in rats. DSP-Zn-NP hold promise as a new strategy to treat noninfectious uveitis and potentially other ocular inflammatory disorders.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate Cd phytotoxicity by altering Cd subcellular distribution and chemical forms in Zea mays

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) can relieve Cd phytotoxicity and improve plant growth, but the mechanisms involved in this process have still been not completely known. In the present work, a pot experiment was conducted to examine productions of glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs), and absorption, chemical forms and subcellular distribution of Cd in maize (Zea mays) inoculated with or without AMF (Rhizophagus intraradices (Ri) and Glomus versiforme (Gv)) in Cd-amended soils (0, 1 and 5 mg Cd kg−1 soil). In general, both Ri and Gv inoculation dramatically enhanced biomass production and reduced Cd concentrations in shoots and roots of maize when compared to the non-mycorrhizal treatment. Moreover, both Ri and Gv symbiosis obviously increased contents of GSH and PCs, both in shoots and roots. Subcellular distribution of Cd in maize indicated that most of Cd (more than 90%) was accumulated in cell wall and soluble fraction. In addition, Cd proportions in soluble fractions in shoots of maize inoculated with Gv or Ri were considerably increased, but reduced in cell wall fractions compared to non-mycorrhizal maize, indicating that mycorrhizal symbiosis promoted Cd transfer to vacuoles. Furthermore, proportions of Cd in inorganic and water-soluble forms were declined, but elevated in pectates and proteins-integrated forms in mycorrhizal maize, which suggested that Gv and Ri could convert Cd into inactive forms. These observations could provide a further understanding of potential Cd detoxification mechanism in maize inoculated with AMF.

Получение водорастворимых хелатных соединений железа(II) и их использование в качестве микроудобрений. Влияние промоторов растворимости на структуру урожая яровой пшеницы при некорневой подкормке

Microcrystalline poorly soluble iron(II) (1-hydroxyethylidene)diphosphonate hydrate FeH 2 L·H 2 O is obtained by the interaction of fine carbonyl or reduced iron(0) with (1-hydroxyethylidene)diphosphonic acid H 4 L. At interacting with organic amines (monoethanolamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 1,8-diamino-3,6-dioxooctane, morpholine) FeH 2 L·H 2 O turns into a water-soluble form, giving amorphous amine derivatives of FeH 2 L·H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 OH, FeH 2 L·H 2 NC(CH 2 OH) 3 , FeH 2 L·H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 , FeH 2 L·HN(CH 2 CH 2 ) 2 O. Solutions of aminium compounds were used to determine their effect on the structure of the harvest of spring wheat under foliar treatment. Evaluating the effectiveness of foliar treatment with iron chelate compounds on the structure of the spring wheat harvest showed that the morpholinium iron chelate, FeH 2 L·HN(CH 2 CH 2 ) 2 O, had the greatest impact, increasing the number of grains per ear up to 45.1 pcs. (control 38.8), the mass of grain from a plant up to 1.72 g (control 1.45), and the weight of an ear up to 2.18 g (control 1.90). The most significant change in the length of the ear was facilitated by the experiment with a solution of the monoethanolamine compound, FeH 2 L·H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 OH: increase of 0,57 cm relative to the control. The composition and structure of the iron(II) (1-hydroxyethylidene)diphosphonate hydrate FeH 2 L·H 2 O and its aminium derivatives were studied by IR spectroscopy, X-ray phase analysis and scanning electron microscopy.

Изучение противовирусной активности водорастворимой формы прополиса

Изучение противовирусной активности водорастворимой формы прополиса

Оцінка профільного розподілу вуглецю лабільної та водорозчинної форм органічної речовини ґрунтів

Оцінка профільного розподілу вуглецю лабільної та водорозчинної форм органічної речовини ґрунтів

QUERCETIN POTENTIATES ANTIRADICAL PROPERTIES OF EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE IN PERIODONTIUM OF RATS UNDER SYSTEMIC AND LOCAL ADMINISTRATION OF LIPOPOLISACCHARIDE OF SALMONELLA TYPHI

There has been demonstrated that pharmaceutical effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol, which is found in green tea (Camellia sinensis), is implemented through the activation of Nrf2 (Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2).The importance of Keap1 / Nrf2 / antioxidant response element (ARE) system is determined by the fact that the state of NF-κB- and АР-1-associated pathways depends on its activity. Recent studies have demonstrated the property of quercetin to suppress ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of complex of NF-κB and its inhibitory protein IκB. All this provides preconditions to eliminate the potentiality of NF-κB-dependent expression of the number of genes of pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory proteins. However, co-effect produced by quercetin and EGCG on the oxidative nitrosative stress markers in the periodontal tissues is still unclear. To investigate the co-effect produced by quercetin and an inducer of the Keap1 / Nrf2 / ARE epigallocatechin-3-gallate on markers of oxidative-nitrosative stress in rats’ periodontium under the systemic and local administration of Salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The studies were conducted on 30 white rats of the Wistar line, divided into 5 groups: the 1st included intact animals, the 2nd was made up of animals after their exposure to combined systemic and local LPS administration, the 3rd and 4th groups included animals, which were given injections with water-soluble form of quercetin (corvitin) and EGCG respectively, and the 5th group involved rats, which were injected with co-administered corvitin and EGCG. The formation of superoxide anion radical (.О-2 ) was evaluated by a test with nitro blue tetrazolium using spectrophotometry of the periodontal soft tissue homogenate. The total activity of NO-synthase and concentration of peroxynitrite in the homogenate of the soft components of periodontium were evaluated spectrophotometrically. Co-effect produced by corvitin and EGCG under systemic and local LPS administration is accompanied with reduced О-2 production by NADPH-dependent electron transport chains (microsomal and NOS) by 20.0 % (p <0.05) compared with values for the animals received separate corvitin during the experiment. .О-2 generation by the mitochondrial respiratory chain yielded to comparable data of the 3rd and 4th groups by 27.6 % (p <0.01) and 23.8 % (p <0.05) respectively. No differences were found between the groups exposed to combined or separate action of the above mentioned agents in the experiment when assessing О-2 generation by leukocyte NADPH-oxidase. Combined effect of corvitin and EGCG during systemic and local LSP administration showed the decrease in NOS activity and peroxynitrite concentration in periodontal tissues by 53.3 % (p <0.001) and 27.0 % (p <0.02) compared with the findings in the 3rd group, and by 42.0 % (p <0.01) and 22.3 % (p <0.01) in the 4th group. The co-administration of water-soluble form of quercetin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate under systemic and local introducing of lipopolysaccharide Salmonella typhi has been proven to be more effective means for preventing and correcting oxidative-nitrosative stress in the periodontal tissues than this occurs at separate administration of each of the polyphenols.

PECULIARITIES OF STORAGE OF FLUORINE IN SOIL AND PLANTS IN THE ZONE OF THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOGENESIS

The article is devoted to the study of the features of the accumulation of fluorine in soil and plantsin the zone of influence of technogenesis. The topicality of the study of fluorine in the soil is due to theproperties of this element negatively to affect on human health through the trophic chains. The purposeof the research was to determine the technogenic sources of fluorine intake in the agricultural area of theDonetsk region and to study the factors affecting the ways and levels of fluoride accumulation in soil andplants. The methodological basis of the study consists of the following methods: field, laboratory, measuring,calculation and comparison, graphical data display. Along with the well-known methods used somespecial: analysis and synthesis. The studies were conducted using certified and standardized in Ukrainemethodologies and methodological approaches. Analytical measurements of fluoride content were carriedout in straw, grain and soil samples, which were taken from the arable layer at the same time as the plantsamples. Selection of soil and plant samples was carried out from the arable layer in accordance with thecurrent requirements and recommendations. Statistical processing of the results was carried out in accordancewith the «Methodology of field experience» B.A. Dospehova.Based on the analysis of statistical data on emissions from industrial enterprises, it is determinedthat technogenic sources of fluorine pollution of agrolandscapes of Donetsk region are metallurgy andpower engineering. These enterprises supply around 200 tons of fluorine per year to the environment. Ata distance of up to 5 km, the concentration of water-soluble form of fluorine in the soil exceeds the MPC(10 mg/kg) by 1,5 to 3 times. When removed, the content of soluble forms is reduced. Outside the technogenicimpact (10–15 km), the concentration of water-soluble form of fluorine in the soil practically doesnot exceed the MPC. It is established that the greatest amount of fluorine is contained in the vegetativemass and least of all in the grain. High sensitivity to fluorine was observed in barley and corn, for whichthe fluorine content exceeded the recommended standard by 2-2,5 times. Winter wheat and sunflower wereless sensitive to fluorine. The content of the element in the grain of these crops did not exceed the norm orwas on the verge. There was no excess of the normative content of fluorine (15 mg/ kg) in the by-productsof agricultural crops that were studied.