Potential Water Resources Research Articles

Production and foreign trade exchange of raspberries: Case study of Serbia

In paper are presented the derived research results on raspberries production in the Republic of Serbia, at total and by regions. Research results are clearly showing that raspberries are dominantly grown in Šumadija region and Western Serbia (around 84.8% of raspberries from Serbia are produced there). Mentioned region offers optimal conditions for raspberries production, in terms of microclimate characteristics, soil potential and available water resources. In recent years, raspberries production has been intensively expanding to those areas where it has not traditionally been cultivated until now. This refers primarily to the Region of Vojvodina, while existing and new plantations are also being expanded in the region of Southern and Eastern Serbia. Serbia is ranked among the largest producers and exporters of raspberries worldwide. The largest part of raspberry production in Serbia is exported as frozen to the global market, but mostly to the market of Western Europe. Almost negligible part of produced raspberries is exported as fresh. Purchase price of raspberry has been increasing in previous period, giving the additional motivation to producers to intensify production, or invest in it.

Problems and prospects of water resources in Karnataka

India's annual precipitation is thought to be around 4000 billion cubic metres (bcm) and its potential water supply is 1869 bcm. The overall utilisable water resource potential is 1137 bcm, made up of 690 bcm of surface water and 447 bcm of groundwater due to topographical and other limitations. In India, the yearly water availability per person was around 1544 cubic metres in 2011, but has since decreased owing to population growth. A country is deemed to be under water stress if its per capita annual renewable water supply falls below 1700 m3, according to the widely used Falkenmark Index (Jain, 2019). Out of different states Karnataka is also considered as the water stress region with per capita water consumption for domestic use come down from 135 litres per capita per day (LPCD) to 80-100 LPCD (KSRSAC, GOK) Over the last 50 years, a number of factors, including increasing demand and environmental deterioration, have made managing India's water supplies an increasingly difficult task and, in its water, stressed region also. The majority of the problems with water management in Karnataka can be broadly divided into the following categories: Availability of water resources in Karnataka, demand of water in different districts, variability of annual rainfall, groundwater exploitation and feasible solutions. Here, in this paper has great depth about each of these difficulties and summary of the state of Karnataka's water supply and consumption, as well as the major problems.

Site selection for artificial recharge in Cisangkuy sub-watershed, West Java, using combined fuzzy logic and genetic algorithm

The Cisangkuy sub-watershed is part of the Citarum watershed with ±300 km of river length. The total area is in line with the potential of water resources which is quite good, but over time the hydrological condition of the site has decreased. Decreasing the hydrological state is due to changes in land use and land cover from year to year and is indicated by high discharge and flooding in the rainy season. This study aims to find the optimal location of artificial recharge to maintain water balance in the Cisangkuy sub-watershed. Fuzzy logic is used for determining the location of artificial recharge by considering the input variable DRASTIC in the form of depth to groundwater level, net recharge, aquifer media, soil type, slope, vadose zone, and hydraulic conductivity. In addition, subtractive clustering is performed to obtain the class of each DRASTIC parameter. Furthermore, a genetic algorithm is carried out to get the optimal location of the artificial recharge zone. The priority zone is indicated by the high class of each DRASTIC parameter input. Combined fuzzy logic and genetic algorithm show that the optimal location for artificial recharge is in the northern part of the Cisangkuy sub-watershed, precisely in the Banjaran area.

Analysis of Surface Water Availability to Meet Agricultural Water Demands in Kediri Regency, Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the potential of surface water to meet agricultural water needs in Kediri Regency, Indonesia. Data from government agencies (i.e., Indonesian Bureau of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics and Kediri Agriculture Office) and fieldwork were analyzed to achieve the research objectives. The data obtained consisted of rainfall, temperature, infiltration capacity, soil texture, root depth, and agricultural land area. The potential of surface water resources was calculated by using the Thornthwaite–Mather water balance method. The water balance results were compared with agricultural water demands, which were calculated on the basis of the area of agricultural land and type of crop, particularly paddy fields. Critical and noncritical conditions for surface water resources were classified on the basis of the ratio between the availability of surface water resources and the demand for agricultural water. Results showed that the total surface water potential widely varied by season. The water balance calculation indicated that all subwatersheds (SWs) experienced a water surplus in the rainy season, whereas almost all SWs were deficient in surface water in the dry season, Overall, the surface water in Kediri was critical in the rainy season and more severely critical in the dry season. The results of this study indicated that the high demand for agricultural water can affect the availability of water resources in the tropics. The results are expected to be considered in determining regional planning related to the use and need of water resources and supporting infrastructures.

Pemberdayaan dan Pendampingan Ekonomi Pesantren An-Nur Semanding Tuban Jawa Timur

The activities of students in Islamic boarding schools are not only about matters of worship rituals. Not only carrying out activities that include spiritual aspects such as learning the Koran, praying and others. There are other aspects that also contribute to building activities in Islamic boarding schools, namely economic activities. These economic activities are in the form of community empowerment and assistance that have an impact on the surrounding community, especially empowerment in the economic field. As done by Pondok Pesantren An-Nur Semanding Tuban. Economic empowerment here is in the form of distributing bottled mineral water. Mineral water is packaged in a container which is then labeled 'AINUR' (an acronym for Air Asli Sendang Pancur) which is a spring owned by An-Nur Islamic Boarding School located in Sendang Pancur Village, Semanding District, Tuban Regency, East Java. This is because the environment in the Islamic boarding school has abundant assets and potential water resources. In addition, human resource assistance (students) is also needed. To empower these assets and potentials, assistance is needed starting from the production mechanism to the distribution process that involves the surrounding community. Assistance is carried out using the Asset Based Community Development method or better known as the ABCD mentoring method. By using the ABCD mentoring method which includes: Preparing (preparation); Discovery (find); Dream (future dream); define (map/define assets); Design (designing/connecting and mobilizing assets/action planning) and Destiny (conducting monitoring) can be used as a basis or reference in the process of mentoring and community empowerment in developing the pesantren economy.

Rational zoning and optimization of agricultural distribution in Guangdong province based on resource carrying capacity

The carrying capacities of resources and the environment are important criteria for measuring sustainable regional development. Adjusting the layout structure of regional agricultural production is an effective measure to improve resource and environmental carrying capacities. In this study, the carrying capacities of multiple crops, livestock and poultry breeding, and fisheries were investigated in Guangdong province. The water resource potential of pineapple cultivation in Guangdong is large; rice, peanuts, bananas, and vegetables also have the potential to increase; potatoes, longan, litchi, and sugarcane need to be adjusted in some areas to adapt to the carrying capacity of local water resources; and citrus needs to be reduced urgently. The overall scale of animal husbandry has no more growth potential, and the main production areas in northern Guangdong and western Guangdong are overloaded. Zhanjiang should reasonably expand the scale and strengthen the supply capacity of livestock and poultry; the Pearl River Delta (PRD) should change breeding methods as soon as possible; and Shaoguan, Shantou, and Jieyang should be encouraged to reasonably expand the scale of livestock and poultry breeding and improve production efficiency. Fisheries should focus on supporting the development of intensive, efficient, and clean aquaculture in the coastal areas of eastern and western Guangdong, moderately increasing the scale of freshwater aquaculture in inland and mountainous ecological fishing areas, and accelerating the transformation of urban fishing areas in the PRD into multi-functional fisheries. This study will provide a theoretical reference for the layout of agricultural regional productivity in Guangdong's “14th Five-Year Plan”, and will be particularly useful to guarantee sustainable food supply in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

Prediction of Settlement Growth in Meulaboh Urban Area (MUA) and Its Implication for Carrying Capacity

Population growth affects the competition between land uses. Inevitably, the increasing demand for natural resources causes severe damage to the urban environment. In addition, the potential of water resources can be a problem related to the supply of clean and suitable water to the community. The geological structure of the soil, disaster susceptibility, and issues with the clean water supply at the location are challenges in determining the development of residential areas in the Meulaboh Urban Area (MUA). This study aims to determine the carrying capacity of the Meulaboh urban settlement environment and the model for the distribution of settlements in the MUA. The environment’s carrying capacity is reviewed based on two aspects: the carrying capacity of settlements and water resources. In analyzing settlement modeling using MLC data from time-series images of Google Earth and Landsat 8-9 in 2011, 2016, and 2021 and using the MOLUSCE plugin on QGIS. The environmental carrying capacity assessment results show that the level of carrying capacity of settlements in the MUA is currently worth 1.69, and in 2041 it will reach a value of 1.26. While the carrying capacity of water resources in the current year is at a value of 2.8, and in 2041, it will reach a value of 2.0. Until 2041, it can still accommodate the population and meet the water needs to support population growth. However, it must still consider the disaster aspects and existing environmental constraints. So that sustainable development can be created that can balance development and the environment in the region.

Modeling the spatial and temporal availability of water resources potential over Abbay river basin, Ethiopia

Study regionAbbay River Basin, Ethiopia. Study focusThis research focused on assessing the spatio-temporal availability and variability of water resources potential using physically based hydrological model. The availability and spatial variability of water balance components were modeled for each subbasins of Abbay River basin. New hydrological insights for the regionMulti statistical performance criteria proved that ArcSWAT model has the capacity to reproduce flows that agree with the measured flows at daily time scale simulation and found as applicable over Abbay River basin. The Calibration and Validation were done at different subbasins. The result revealed that the performance of the model well improved as the basin was partitioned into subbasins. For reproduction of the measured flow at different flow segments, the model performed very good especially for high and peak flows segments. The rainfall distribution revealed that the basin is characterized by high spatial and temporal variation of rainfall. Three fourth of the annual rainfall was contributed from June to September. The water balance components analysis proved that Evapotranspiration is high over the basin which covers more than half (55.20 %) of the annual rainfall. Water yield (WYLD_Qmm) covers only 21.73 % of the annual rainfall. This research can be used as basis to give emphasis on water resources potential modeling in the future considering climate and land use changes.

Potable water production from ambient moisture

Nowadays, with the rapid increase in world population, potable water shortage has started to create serious problems. Many factors such as increased water consumption, environmental problems and climate change cause the decrease in potable water resources. In this study, a fully automatic system which produces water from ambient humidity developed to provide solutions especially in areas where access to clean and potable water resources is difficult. Moisture and salt are used for raw material. CaCl2 salt is not very good for moisture absorption, but when compared with other salts, it can provide a great advantage under human health and cost. The machine is also reinforced with electrical equipment and measures the ambient temperature, pressure values and humidity, consumed energy and prints it on the memory card (SD card) in real time. While the system is running, it can be controlled and read over the phone. Experiments have been carried out and the changes in the amount of water produced and the amount of salt consumed depending on the ambient humidity and temperature have been investigated. The amount of energy consumed by the system was also analyzed. It was observed that the amount of water produced was directly proportional to the ambient humidity.

Assessment and delineation of groundwater potential zones using integrated geospatial techniques and analytic hierarchy process

Hydrogeologists and other allied professionals involved in the exploration and management of water resources have benefited greatly from the integration of geospatial techniques and remote sensing (RS) applications for identifying prospective or possible groundwater availability zones. This method is progressively becoming a viable alternative to the traditional geophysical survey for groundwater (GW) exploration, which is costly, time-consuming, and labour-intensive. This research explored the applicability of integrating RS, geospatial technologies and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) for mapping and classifying GW potential zones in Bosso Local Government Area of Niger State in Northern-Nigeria. Five thematic maps were produced which represent the factors that influence and control the occurrence and transportation of GW. These factors are geology, lineament density, slope, land use and land cover, and drainage density. Normalized weights were assigned to these factors using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) based on their relative influence on occurrence and transportation of GW. Weighted overlay was implemented in a GIS environment to model the MCDA resulting to a GW potential map (GWPM). The produced GWPM was classified into four classes: ‘Very low’, ‘Low’, ‘Moderate’, and ‘High’ representing 3, 1, 85 and 11% of the total study area, respectively. The obtained result was validated using datasets obtained via hydrogeophysical techniques (vertical electrical sounding), and the result shows 68% positive correlation with the integrated remote sensing approach. The generated GWPM is recommended as an essential tool for water resource developers, and government agencies in charge of sourcing and distributing potable water resource in the study area.

Soil Moisture Prediction from Remote Sensing Images Coupled with Climate, Soil Texture and Topography via Deep Learning

Soil moisture (SM) is an important biophysical parameter by which to evaluate water resource potential, especially for agricultural activities under the pressure of global warming. The recent advancements in different types of satellite imagery coupled with deep learning-based frameworks have opened the door for large-scale SM estimation. In this research, high spatial resolution Sentinel-1 (S1) backscatter data and high temporal resolution soil moisture active passive (SMAP) SM data were combined to create short-term SM predictions that can accommodate agricultural activities in the field scale. We created a deep learning model to forecast the daily SM values by using time series of climate and radar satellite data along with the soil type and topographic data. The model was trained with static and dynamic features that influence SM retrieval. Although the topography and soil texture data were taken as stationary, SMAP SM data and Sentinel-1 (S1) backscatter coefficients, including their ratios, and climate data were fed to the model as dynamic features. As a target data to train the model, we used in situ measurements acquired from the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN). We employed a deep learning framework based on long short-term memory (LSTM) architecture with two hidden layers that have 32 unit sizes and a fully connected layer. The accuracy of the optimized LSTM model was found to be effective for SM prediction with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.87, root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.046, unbiased root mean square error (ubRMSE) of 0.045, and mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.033. The model’s performance was also evaluated concerning above-ground biomass, land cover classes, soil texture variations, and climate classes. The model prediction ability was lower in areas with high normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values. Moreover, the model can better predict in dry climate areas, such as arid and semi-arid climates, where precipitation is relatively low. The daily prediction of SM values based on microwave remote sensing data and geophysical features was successfully achieved by using an LSTM framework to assist various studies, such as hydrology and agriculture.

Water quality and biophysical condition for tourist activities in Situ Rawa Kalong Depok City, West Java, Indonesia

Having a role as the water resource, situ water quality and biophysical conditions are the main components that reach the basis of sustainability analysis. This study aims to analyze the water quality and biophysical conditions of the Situ Rawa Kalong area as the basis for achieving sustainable management. The description of existing and potential conditions uses descriptive qualitative methods and scoring to measure the factors of water quality, lake quality, and tourism suitability. The literature study used secondary data from The Sanitation and Environmental Office of Depok City in the form of the Situ Rawa Kalong water quality data 2016-2020 and other sources. A field survey was conducted by measuring, mapping with GIS, and documenting. It concerns such data on vegetation, fauna, hydrology, morphology, climate, carrying capacity, topography, facilities, and infrastructure. The result is that Situ Rawa Kalong has limitations in determining the type of recreation. It is a non-contact and a view recreation. The types of tourism are meant for boating, fishing, and scenery recreation. The general biophysical condition of Situ Rawa Kalong is disturbed. As a potential water resource and tourism in Depok, Situ Rawa Kalong must be managed sustainability.

Human Health Risk Assessment for Nitrate intake in Lucknow, India

Abstract: It is important to apply the methods to set the standard for drinking water quality and to conduct risk assessments since access to potable water resources exposes people to a variety of chemical pollutants, including nitrate. Drinking water with high nitrate levels can be harmful to health, especially for infants and pregnant women. The main objective of the present study was to determine the distribution levels of nitrate contamination in groundwater and its associated impact on human health risks in Lucknow India. For this 32 groundwater samples were collected randomly during April 2022. Nitrate concentration in groundwater samples ranged from 7 to 108 mg/L, with a mean value of 41.35 mg/L. The geographic information system (ArcGIS 10.7.1) was applied to mapping the nitrate concentration in groundwater resources of the studied area. About 43.75% of the groundwater samples are exceeding the permissible limits of nitrate (45 mg/l). Hence health risk assessment of nitrate has been carried out. Hazard quotient (HQ) values for male, female, children, and infants ranges from 0.14 to 2.07; 0.16 to 2.45; 0.17 to 2.63, and 0.16 to 2.53, respectively. The finding of data showed that HQ value was more than 1 in 53..125% of samples in groups of infants and children, 50% of samples for female, and 43.75% of samples in group of male.

Potable Water and Terrestrial Resources on Grand Bahama Post-Hurricane Dorian: Opportunities for Climate Resilience

The catastrophic impact of Hurricane Dorian in September 2019 was unprecedented for the island of Grand Bahama. Flooding in the western portion of the island damaged pine ecosystems, inundated the soil and groundwater with salt water, and disrupted potable water service throughout the island. More than two years post-Hurricane Dorian, the freshwater lenses that the island relies on for potable water are still inundated with salt water. This collaborative paper summarizes all efforts of researchers and practitioners to evaluate the freshwater lenses, as well as their associated ecosystems, that serve as the main source of drinking water for the island of Grand Bahama. Hydrogeologic and vegetation assessments were conducted on the two primary wellfields that provide 95% of the drinking water to the island, over the span of two and a half years from the immediate aftermath of Hurricane Dorian through present day. While salinity and total dissolved solid concentrations in groundwater have declined, present levels indicate that the full recovery of the freshwater lenses may take decades. Forest assessments indicate that in Wellfield 6, which was the primary source of potable water pre-Hurricane Dorian, the pine forests suffered significant damage with complete pine mortality and little regeneration of pine trees occurring, which could impact the underlying freshwater lens. Lessons learned from this event underscore the vulnerability of water resources in The Bahamas and the critical need for adaptation strategies to improve resilience to future extreme events and climate change.

High-Resolution Inversion Method for the Snow Water Equivalent Based on the GF-3 Satellite and Optimized EQeau Model

High-resolution snow water equivalent studies are important for obtaining a clear picture of the potential of water resources in arid areas, and SAR-based sensors can achieve meter-level snow water equivalent inversion. The advanced C-band SAR satellite Gaofen-3 (GF-3) can now achieve meter-level observations of the same area within one day and has great potential for the inversion of the snow water equivalent. The EQeau model is an empirical method for snow water equivalent inversion using C-band SAR satellites, but the model has major accuracy problems. In this paper, the EQeau model is improved by using classification of underlying surface types and polarization decomposition, and the inversion of the snow water equivalent was also completed using the new data source GF-3 input model. The results found that: (1) the classification of underlying surface types can significantly improve the fit between the snow thermal resistance and the backscattering coefficient ratio; (2) the accuracy of the snow density extracted by the GF-3 satellite using the Singh–Cloude Three-Component Hybrid (S3H) decomposition is better than IDW spatial interpolation, and the overall RMSE can reach 0.005 g/cm3; (3) the accuracy of the optimized EQeau model is significantly improved, and the overall MRE is reduced from 27.4% to 10.3%. Compared with the original model, the optimized model is superior both in terms of verification accuracy and image detail. In the future, with the combination of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), long, gapless, all-weather, and high-resolution snow water equivalent inversion can be achieved, which is conducive to the realization of all-weather monitoring of the regional snow water equivalent.

Climate induced water security risks on agriculture in the Abbay river basin: A review

Climate induced water security risks on agriculture are assessed in the Abbay river basin by reviewing journal articles, book chapters and research reports. The intent of the review is to understand the state of water security issues in the agricultural sector in relation to climate variability and climate change, existing agricultural water management practices and identification of gaps in knowledge and practices that need to be addressed in the future. It is found that the basin has huge potential of water resources but it is constrained by high spatiotemporal climate variability which has resulted in very variable water supply for agriculture. The challenge is aggravated by lack of effective and locally relevant agricultural water management practices. The central part of the basin in particular is characterized by very short rainy season and long dry season and thus it is the main hotspot of water security risks to agriculture. Climate change, growing demand for water due to increasing population, and land degradation will exacerbate water security risks on agriculture. Research and development efforts to addressing the challenges have generally been limited in scope and spatial scale, so much remains to be done. This review identifies major gaps that need to be investigated and understood in the future to address water security issues on agriculture in the basin.

Development of novel Core–shell impregnated polyuronate composite beads for an eco-efficient removal of arsenic

Arsenic (As) can geogenically and anthropogenically contaminate the potable water resources and undoubtedly reduces its availability for human consumption. To circumvent this predicament, present study focuses on the development of a novel biosorbent by impregnating calcium cross-linked polyuronate (alginate) beads (CABs) with bilayer–oleic coated magnetite nanoparticles (CAB@BOFe) for As(V) removal. Initially, the system parameters (i.e., adsorbents dose (0.1– 3.0 g L–1), pH (4.0–13), reaction times (0–180 min) and sorbate concentrations (10–150 µg L–1)) were optimized to establish adsorbent at the lab-scale. CAB@BOFe had higher monolayer (ad)sorption capacity (∼62.5 µg g−1, 120 min) than CABs (∼17.9 µg g−1, 180 min). Electrostatic/Ion-dipole interactions and surface-complexation mechanisms mediated As(V) sorption onto CAB@BOFe mainly obeyed Langmuir isotherm (R2 ∼ 0.9) and well described by intraparticle diffusion process. Furthermore, it demonstrated an excellent arsenate removal performance from the single/multiple anionic contaminants simulated water samples which supported its prospective field applicability.

ECOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL PROBLEMS OF AGRICULCHURAL WATER USE IN CENTRAL ASIA

The article describes the features of the nature of Central Asia, the dependence of socio-economic development on land and water resources, the agricultural potential of land and water resources. It discusses the importance of irrigated agriculture in the economy of the coutriyes of the region and the geographical aspects of its optimal development. Also, the formation of agricultural landscapes, the geoecological state and the problems of optimizing their use.

Spatially structured relationships between white banana prawn (Penaeus merguiensis) catch and riverine flow in the Northern Prawn Fishery, Australia

Water resource development can lead to the significant alteration of natural flow regimes, which can have impacts on the many aquatic species that rely on both freshwater and estuarine environments to successfully complete their lifecycles. In tropical northern Australia, annual catches of commercially harvested white banana prawns (WBP) are highly variable in response to environmental conditions, namely rainfall and subsequent riverine flow. However, little is known about the spatial extent to which flow from individual rivers influences offshore WBP catch. In this study, we quantify how the relationship between WBP catch in the Gulf of Carpentaria is influenced by flow from the Mitchell River, Queensland Australia. We used a Bayesian framework to model both prawn presence and catch per unit effort, and found evidence that multiple components of the flow regime contribute to fishery catch. We also found evidence to suggest that the relationships between prawn presence and flow were spatially structured across the fishing ground. Our results suggest that attributing fishery catch to a single river remains challenging, though highlights the importance of maintaining natural flow regimes to support a highly valuable commercial fishery species in the face of potential water resource development.

Regionalization of flow duration curves in Colombia

Abstract It is essential to know the streamflow behavior in hydrological basins for appropriate water resource planning and management. In Colombia, where there is a considerable water resource potential, there is a need to generate hydrological modeling for many ungauged catchments. Thus, this study presents the regionalization of flow duration curves (FDC) in Colombia. Daily flow time series from 655 gauging stations were used to define homogenous hydrological regions, considering geological, topographic, and climatic information. Fifteen hydrological regions were delimited by cluster analysis using the K-means algorithm, all of which exhibited high spatial heterogeneity. Multiple linear regressions were used to estimate characteristic dimensionless flows as a function of each basin's attributes. A set of equations that allow the reconstruction of simulated dimensionless FDC for each cluster was determined, and regression (R2) values of 0.5–0.9 were obtained. The percentage error of the mean, maximum, and minimum discharge of the simulated FDC compared with observed values were approximately 9, 30, and 50%, respectively.