Problems and prospects of water resources in Karnataka

Abstract

India's annual precipitation is thought to be around 4000 billion cubic metres (bcm) and its potential water supply is 1869 bcm. The overall utilisable water resource potential is 1137 bcm, made up of 690 bcm of surface water and 447 bcm of groundwater due to topographical and other limitations. In India, the yearly water availability per person was around 1544 cubic metres in 2011, but has since decreased owing to population growth. A country is deemed to be under water stress if its per capita annual renewable water supply falls below 1700 m3, according to the widely used Falkenmark Index (Jain, 2019). Out of different states Karnataka is also considered as the water stress region with per capita water consumption for domestic use come down from 135 litres per capita per day (LPCD) to 80-100 LPCD (KSRSAC, GOK) Over the last 50 years, a number of factors, including increasing demand and environmental deterioration, have made managing India's water supplies an increasingly difficult task and, in its water, stressed region also. The majority of the problems with water management in Karnataka can be broadly divided into the following categories: Availability of water resources in Karnataka, demand of water in different districts, variability of annual rainfall, groundwater exploitation and feasible solutions. Here, in this paper has great depth about each of these difficulties and summary of the state of Karnataka's water supply and consumption, as well as the major problems.