Water Quality Monitoring Device Research Articles

Development of Microcontroller Based Water Quality Monitoring and Water Level Control Device

Access to clean and safe water is not only a fundamental human right but also a vital requirement for electronics industries, chemicals industries, pharmaceuticals, food and beverage production, fisheries and aquatic farming. This project addresses the pressing issue of water quality monitoring and efficient water usage within the context of these industries. The study's identification of problem areas for water quality can lead to more efficient interventions and solutions to safeguard the environment, and prevent waterborne diseases. This paper presents the design and implementation of microcontroller-based system for monitoring water quality and water level in the thank, the water in the thank is refilled when it goes beyond a set threshold with the aid of an automatic switch control. The system is a hybrid of 3 subsystems: a Water Level Checker, a Water Quality Monitoring System and an Automatic Switch control system. The Water level checker consists of Ultrasonic sensors. The Water Quality Monitoring system consists of pH sensors, TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) sensors and Turbidity sensors. The continuous (Analog) data from the water quality sensors used would be outputted via an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display). The Automatic Switch control system consists of 5v Relay modules and a 12v Pump that would automatically switch ON/OFF depending on the level of water in the tank. The values of EC (Electrical Conductivity) and TDS spike drastically to the introduction of salt from as low as 138 -906 for TDS and 0.34 – 2.04 for EC, signifying increase in water capacity of electrical conductivity. Temperature rise in the afternoon also increases TDS values from 142 for clean water to 920 for the salty water while it ranges from 138 for clean water to 906 for salt water at both morning and evening time. Pumping aspects of the system are triggered when water level in the thank falls below 10% and trips off when water level goes above 95% as programmed in the control unit. The developed system marks a significant achievement in water management and automation technology. integration of quality monitoring sensors has enabled real-time evaluation of water parameters that holds potential for applications in environmental monitoring, ensuring safe drinking water, and safeguarding aquatic ecosystems. The automated switch control mechanism responds dynamically to water levels, enabling the system to trigger actions such as pump activation or filling processes based on predefined thresholds.

Development of an IoT Based Water Quality Monitoring Device for Domestic Fish Ponds

This study focuses on developing an affordable IoT-based water quality monitoring system for domestic fish ponds. The system aims to enable remote monitoring of critical water parameters, offering real-time data access through mobile or web interfaces. It includes an alert system to notify the pond owners of any significant changes in water quality, allowing swift corrective action. The initiative stems from challenges faced by aquaculture farmers due to insufficient knowledge about water pH levels. Understanding pH's importance, especially within the optimal range of 6.5-9.0 for fish culture, is crucial for success. Tests conducted on the system's performance in detecting various pH levels across different pond environments demonstrated its reliability in identifying low and normal pH levels. However, anomalies were observed in detecting higher pH levels, indicating potential sensitivity limitations that need further investigation for system refinement. While the system excelled in detecting low and normal pH levels accurately, improvements are required for detecting higher pH thresholds to ensure comprehensive monitoring across diverse water conditions. This enhancement is crucial for effective fish pond management and reducing losses for aquaculture farmers.

Research on The Impact of Ciliwung River Water on The Surrounding Environment in The DKI Jakarta Area

Ciliwung River flows through central Jakarta, passing through many residential and densely populated areas that cause heavy pollution in the Ciliwung River resulting from wastewater and solid waste. This research aims to know the water quality and pollution level in the Ciliwung river and determine the locations to install water quality online monitoring stations. The research method used in this study is to analyze the quality of water samples taken from several points of the Ciliwung River. The analysis results show that the Ciliwung river is highly polluted, especially in the areas going downstream of the river. In addition, the analysis results have determined 8 (eight) points/locations where the online water quality monitoring devices will be installed. Due to limited funds, however, only 3 (three) online monitoring devices are currently installed on site, representing upstream, middle, and downstream areas of the Ciliwung river.

DESAIN PERANGKAT BERBASIS IoT UNTUK PEMANTAUAN DAN PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS AIR PADA SISTEM IRIGASI RUMAH KACA

Because hydroponic plant nutrient is dissolved in the water, water quality management is essential for growing healthy plants. Taking care of the total dissolved solids (TDS) and the pH (water acidity) is essential. The purpose of this research is to create a IoT-based water quality monitoring device. The average TDS after 30 days of automation with an Arduino UNO was 1162.82 ppm, and the gadget kicked on the nutrient pump whenever the TDS fell below 1000 ppm or the EC fell below 2. The mechanism self-adjusts the pH when it falls below 5.5 or rises above 6.5, with a mean of 6.17.

Simulation of Smart Water Quality Monitoring Device

Water contamination is one of the primary concerns for green globalization. Environmental monitoring is a fascinating system that has become increasingly important in 21st-century human life. To ensure a safe supply of drinking water and other water-related activities, water quality must be monitored in real time. This paper depicts a stage progression and plan for a small amount of effort. This research makes use of the Arduino Uno microcontroller, as well as a variety of sensors connected to the platform. The device, which is made up of a number of sensors, is used to determine the physical and chemical properties of water in various locations. Water quality factors such as pH, temperature, and Chlorine can be calculated. When estimated values were compared to W.H.O. standards, it was discovered that a cost-effective device for water quality management was required. In this paper we are trying to measure pH value for drinking water, temperature and chlorine content with the help of ORP sensor through simulation and then compared to standard value given by WHO. In this research paper our aim is to develop a system to evaluate the water quality based on simulation. Using a sensor we can collect data on various water quality parameters with minor variations. Following that, we can perform the necessary qualitative comparisons. It has also proven to be an effective tool for determining the impact of contaminated water. It is a effective tool for comparing data. Here we have used only three sensors pH , Temperature sensor and ORP sensor.

Designing a Mobile Application for Pool Water Quality Monitoring Based on the Internet of Things

Changes in temperature, pH, and turbidity in concrete fish ponds greatly impact to the fish survival. Initial observations showed that among 3.067 fish seeds, 1.633 fish (53%) died and only 1.434 fish (47%) was successfully harvested. The application of water quality monitoring devices from concrete pools designed based on the Internet of Things technology has been tested. The monitoring equipment will not function optimally without an application that functions to receive monitoring data and then take action. Pool water quality monitoring equipment connected to the cloud using a GSM network connection. The recorded data is then displayed on the water quality monitoring application that designed using the Android operating system. Application design is developed using a User-Centered Design approach, where the design process was carried out by considering several variables: ease for use, clarity of information delivery, the fulfillment of needs, and appearance. Based on the results of the design evaluation, weaknesses can be determined, namely, difficulty to find the search menu for click history data, find the refresh button, read the results of searching for historical data, and read data in tables and graphs. Based on this, further improvements can be made to improve the application being made. The monitoring equipment is expected to provide information to pond managers to immediately take action if changing in pH and temperature beyond the limit so that the fish mortality rate can be minimized.

Remotely controlled boat for water quality monitoring and sampling

• Prototype of a remotely controlled boat to monitor the real-time water characteristics. • Characteristics monitored are temperature, pH, conductivity with GPS location. • Open-source software application and hardware is used for monitoring device. • A low-cost water quality monitoring device. This research work entails the design and manufacturing of a prototype of a remotely controlled boat which can monitor the real-time water characteristic of a large water body like a lake or river. These characteristics can be used to plot a map of a water body and help to identify zones of concentrated contamination. The continuous nature of the water will be identified, and results are shown through a multi-sensor network. It will consider numerous components and presents this ongoing quality through the presentation of its electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), along with the temperature of the water that is being tried and tested. The water monitoring and sampling can help in understanding the effect of water pollution on aquatic life. The boat is planned with a square frame structure utilizing PVC pipes which will limit the resistivity of water stream and this shape additionally keeps up the stability of the boat in the water. This water quality observing boat incorporates a Bluetooth module for remote correspondence. All the outcomes are created and shown with their readings on the PC and LED screen, alongside water's pollutants and restriction points. A GPS unit mounted on the boat enables the user to get the exact location of the boat and contamination. The related probe will be immersed in water and reads the data accordingly. The water sampling unit can be used to collect samples at different locations and the samples can be sent for intensive testing. The boat is controlled using a smartphone application for its movement to different locations to conduct the required analysis. The data collected is sent to the data server and displayed with the user-friendly digital display system. The entire system is compact and easy to handle. Thus, this wirelessly controlled boat can prove to be an efficient and accurate water quality monitoring device.

On the Use of an IoT Integrated System for Water Quality Monitoring and Management in Wastewater Treatment Plants

The deteriorating water environment demands new approaches and technologies to achieve sustainable and smart management of urban water systems. Wireless sensor networks represent a promising technology for water quality monitoring and management. The use of wireless sensor networks facilitates the improvement of current centralized systems and traditional manual methods, leading to decentralized smart water quality monitoring systems adaptable to the dynamic and heterogeneous water distribution infrastructure of cities. However, there is a need for a low-cost wireless sensor node solution on the market that enables a cost-effective deployment of this new generation of systems. This paper presents the integration to a wireless sensor network and a preliminary validation in a wastewater treatment plant scenario of a low-cost water quality monitoring device in the close-to-market stage. This device consists of a nitrate and nitrite analyzer based on a novel ion chromatography detection method. The analytical device is integrated using an Internet of Things software platform and tested under real conditions. By doing so, a decentralized smart water quality monitoring system that is conceived and developed for water quality monitoring and management is accomplished. In the presented scenario, such a system allows online near-real-time communication with several devices deployed in multiple water treatment plants and provides preventive and data analytics mechanisms to support decision making. The results obtained comparing laboratory and device measured data demonstrate the reliability of the system and the analytical method implemented in the device.

Heterogeneous Cubic Multidimensional Integrated Circuit for Water and Food Security in Fish Farming Ponds.

Among major food production sectors, world aquaculture shows the highest growth rate, providing more than 50% of the global seafood market. However, water pollution in fish farming ponds is regarded as the leading cause of fish death and financial losses in the market. Here, an Internet of Things system based on a cubic multidimensional integration of circuit (MD-IC) is demonstrated for water and food security applications in fish farming ponds. Both faces of the silicon substrate are used for thin-film-based device fabrication. The devices are interconnected via through-silicon-vias, resulting in a bifacial complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible electronics system. The demonstrated cubic MD-IC is a complete, small, and lightweight system that can be easily deployed by farmers with no need for specialists. The system integrates on its outer sides simultaneous air and water quality monitoring devices (temperature, electrical conductivity, ammonia, and pH sensors), solar cells for energy-harvesting, and antenna for real-time data-transfer, while data-management circuitry and a solid-state battery are integrated on its internal faces. Microfluidic cooling technology is used for thermal management in the MD-IC. Finally, a biofriendly polymeric encapsulation is used to waterproof the embedded electronics, improve the mechanical robustness, and allow the system to float on the surface of the water.

Assessing the performance of measurement devices for continuously monitoring of organic matter and nutrient in river water

The evaluation of the metrological performance parameters of 27 water quality monitoring devices for continuously measuring nutrients and organic matter in river waters was conducted both under controlled conditions in the laboratory and under field conditions during a 3-month field trial. It consisted of (i) designing protocols to assess metrological performance parameters under controlled and field conditions of monitoring devices (ii) selecting a site to conduct a field trial (iii) selecting monitoring devices and (iv) conducting the testing. The results obtained for the devices measuring nitrate, total nitrogen and organic carbon are presented in this paper. The performances evaluated under controlled conditions were very acceptable with the vast majority of the monitoring devices being characterized by a repeatability below 5 %, a bias below 10 %, a linearity deviation below 10 % and a combined expanded uncertainty below 15 %. Moreover, the monitoring devices tested were found to have quantification limits suitable with regard to the concentration levels measured in the Oise River between October 2015 and February 2016. Finally, from the results obtained as well as the feedback on testing a great variety of monitoring devices, it was possible to draw some recommendations for improving the measurements using the devices tested.

Identification of Polluted Sites in Four Major Rivers in Kuantan, Malaysia based on Water Chemistry Estimates of Aquatic Microbial Activity

Kuantan in Pahang, Malaysia has experienced rapid development and environmental degradation over the past decade following the implementation of The National Physical Plan 2005. To assess water quality and identify polluted areas in the region, we measured the water chemistry and microbial activity in response to land-use changes for four major rivers, namely, Pahang, Kuantan, Belat, and Galing, using data from ion chromatography and portable water quality monitoring devices. The following were concluded: (1) significant differences in chemical oxygen demand, COD concentration among all monitored rivers suggest that COD and its associated biological reactions are key parameters to assess anthropogenic water quality degradation in our study area; (2) due to the low anthropogenic wastewater pollution, the dominant microbial reactions in the Pahang, Kuantan, and Belat rivers were aerobic microbial oxidation of organic compounds and nitrification by nitrifying bacteria, allowing the rivers to self-purify; (3) the Galing River predominantly experiences anaerobic decomposition of organic compounds through microbial denitrification and sulfate reduction due to the heavy anthropogenic land use in the river basin; and (4) the western side of the Galing River and upstream sites located within the industrial and business/servicing areas in the Kuantan city center experience the heaviest pollution.

Fault Diagnosis of Water Quality Monitoring Devices Based on Multiclass Support Vector Machines and Rule-Based Decision Trees

Preventing faults of sensors, wireless transmitters, and gateways are essential for water quality management in intensive aquaculture. It remains a challenging task to achieve high fault diagnostic accuracy of water quality monitoring and controlling devices. This paper proposes a hybrid water quality monitoring device fault diagnosis model based on multiclass support vector machines (MSVM) in combination with rule-based decision trees (RBDT). In the modeling process, an RBDT is used to diagnose the gateway fault and wireless transmitter fault at the same time as a feature selection tool to reduce the number of features. A multiclass support vector machine classifier is employed to diagnose the faults of water quality sensors due to its robustness and generalization. We adopted an RBDT-MSVM algorithm to construct a fault diagnosis model. The diagnostic results indicate that RBDT-MSVM model has great potential for fault diagnosis of online water quality devices. RBDT-MSVM was tested and compared with other algorithms by applying it to diagnose faults of water quality monitoring devices in river crab culture ponds. The diagnostic results indicate that the model has great potential for fault diagnosis of online water quality devices. The experimental results show that the proposed model RBDT-MSVM can achieve classification accuracy as high as 92.86%, which is superior to the other three fault diagnosis methods. The results clearly confirm the superiority of the developed model in terms of classification accuracy, and that it is a suitable and effective method for fault diagnosis of water quality monitoring devices in intensive aquaculture.

Modelling and Simulation of Economical Water Quality Monitoring Device

In this novel system design a statistical regression analysis approach is used for development of new device incorporating various physicochemical parameters. Various water quality parameters from different sites were estimated following standard methods and procedures. Comparison of estimated values with W.H.O. standards revealed that there is a need of some economical device for water quality management. Regression analysis of data from different sites suggests that conductivity of drinking water is an important parameter and it is significantly correlated with ten parameters out of twelve water quality parameters studied. It may be suggested that drinking water quality can be checked effectively by the conductivity of water. The new device is quite stable and can predict all the major fifteen parameters used to determine the quality of water. The device consists of few components including one PIC microcontroller, resistors and conductivity sensor. The device is tested for the different samples of water and it found to be fairly accurate. The advantages of this device is it robust, consumes very low power, and economical within the range of a common man

Online monitoring of drinking water quality in a distribution network: a selection procedure for suitable water quality parameters and sensor devices

Designing a state-of-the-art online water quality monitoring system requires a comprehensive procedure for the selection of pertinent water quality parameters and available cost-effective and reliable sensors. Proper selection of pertinent contaminants/indicators for online monitoring ensures that the overall quality of the distributed water is not compromised and all regulations/guidelines are complied with fully. On the other hand, the selection of monitoring devices and sensors suitable for a typical online water quality monitoring system involves consideration of various factors including reliability, cost, response time, etc. In this paper, we illustrate the use of a multi-criteria decision analysis methodology based on an analytic hierarchy process to optimize the selection of indicator/contaminant sets and related water quality sensors as applied to drinking water distribution networks. A similar methodology could be used for most online monitoring applications in other areas. For the water distribution network application, we shortlisted 18 water quality indicators (WQI) from an initial list of 94 parameters. Similarly, from a comprehensive list of 71 potential water quality monitoring devices, nine were shortlisted for further analysis. Three of these nine monitoring devices were found to be suitable for monitoring 14 of the 18 shortlisted WQI. These three monitoring devices were found to be the best sensors because they demonstrated the ability to monitor 14 selected WQI simultaneously.

DVCC based Readout Circuitry for Water Quality Monitoring System

new configuration realizing water quality monitoring device using ISFET involving CMOS differential voltage current conveyor (DVCC) based low pass filter free from trans-conductance variation using Low-voltage PMOS bulk- driven cascade current mirror (P MOS BDCCM) current mirrors is proposed. The circuit uses four DVCCs as active elements and together with two capacitors and five resistors as passive elements, only one current mirror. The use of this active component makes the implementation simple and attractive. The functionality of the circuit is tested using Tanner simulator version 15 for a 70nm CMOS process model also the transfer function realization is done on MATLAB R2011a version, the Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware description language(VHDL) code for the same scheme is simulated on Xilinx ISE 10.1 and various simulation results are obtained. Simulation results are included to demonstrate the results. OTA's. These applications are suffer from low band widths (BW's) arising due to stray and circuit capacitances. Also the need for low voltage, low power circuits makes these circuits not suitable for water quality monitoring as these circuits required the minimum bias voltage depends on the threshold voltage of the MOSFETs. However, with the advancement in the analog VLSI new analog devices are based on currents are developed called current mode circuits (CMC's). These circuits have a significant advantage of low power, low voltages and can operate over wide dynamic range. These circuits, CMC can offer to the designer large bandwidths, greater linearity, wider dynamic range, simple circuitry and low power consumption. Current feedback op-amps (CFOAs), operational floating conveyors (OFCs) and current conveyors (CCs) etc. are popular CMC configuration and most widely used structure among them is DVCC, extension of the second- generation current conveyor (CCII). Hence, we decided to use the DVCC in the proposed scheme.

Establishment of Waternode Stations for Water Quality Monitoring by IP-USN

Waternode station is a floating composite water quality monitoring device. The waternode station houses the multiple water quality measurement devices, control panel for wireless communication and solar cells for applying electric power. The floating devices are classified into general model with vertical dropping system and river model without vertical dropping system. The water quality measurement device measures pH, water temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and nitrate. And it measures all parameters simultaneously. The control panel is used for IP-USN system. USN (Ubiquitous Sensor Network) is a network system by water quality measurement devices. IP-USN is a USN system that identifies particular sensor connected to the internet. The data information is transferred by wireless modem based on TFB (Triple Frequency Band). Field application results showed that the waternode station is a reliable and cost-effective water quality monitoring solutions.

On the Performance of ISFET-based Device for Water Quality Monitoring

A new configuration realizing water quality monitoring device using ISFET involving low power CMOS Integrated “Ion Sensitive Field Effect transistor (ISFET) – Operational Amplifier is presented. The study’s main focus is on simulation of power and performance analysis of ISFET device, which is used for water quality monitoring. This approach can improve calibration of device to a fairly wide range without the use of a high speed digital processor. The conventional device has a drawback of slow slew rate but in this novel design, the device has a better slew rate. A new slew rate enhancement (SRE) incorporated into a ISFET, which does not affect the small signal frequency response. The functionality of the circuit is tested using Tanner simulator version 15 for a 70nm CMOS process model also the transfer function realization is done on MATLAB R2011a version, the Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware description language(VHDL) code for the same scheme is simulated on Xilinx ISE 10.1 and various simulation results are obtained. Simulation results are included to demonstrate the results.

5847292 Sheet flow water quality monitoring device : Young George Kenneth; Graziano Frank R; Stein Stuart Springfield, VA, United States assigned to GKY & Associates Inc

5847292 Sheet flow water quality monitoring device : Young George Kenneth; Graziano Frank R; Stein Stuart Springfield, VA, United States assigned to GKY & Associates Inc