Water Pan Trap Research Articles

Comparison of Pheromone Trap Designs for Monitoring Z-Strain European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Several pheromone trap designs have been reported as being effective for monitoring European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner). Field experiments were conducted during 1995-1996 at Rosemount and Le Sueur, MN, to determine the most efficient pheromone trap design for monitoring Z-strain O. nubilalis males. Designs tested included several versions of the Hartstack wire-mesh cone trap, a nylon-mesh cone trap, an aerial water-pan trap, and a bucket trap. In addition to total catch, we compared the timing of O. nubilalis flights based on Hartstack and blacklight trap data. The conventional Hartstack trap, with a 75-cm base, was the most efficient pheromone trap for O. nubilalis males. There was also no significant difference between the Hartstack trap counts and the number of males captured in the blacklight trap at both Rosemount and Le Sueur during 1995. However, the Hartstack trap detection of 50%peak moth flight was delayed 4-15 d when compared with nearby blacklight traps.

A New Species of the Genous Cosmopirnodus (Oribatida: Oripodidae) Caught by Water Pan Traps Settled on the Rooftop of Buildings in Kanagawa Prefecture, Central Japan.

A description of Cosmopirnodus angulatus sp. n. is given. The new species resembles the Vietnamese species, C. tridactylus Mahunka, 1988, but distinguishable from the latter by relatively shorter apodemes, more angular body shape, and shorter setae of notogaster, anal plates and adanal region.

小型水盤によるセジロウンカの水田への侵入時期と相対的な侵入量の把握法

小型水盤によるセジロウンカの水田への侵入時期と相対的な侵入量の把握法

Prediction of the Date of the First Capture of Alate Foxglove Aphid in Yellow Water Pan Trap and the Number Trapped in June in Tokachi District, Hokkaido

Prediction of the Date of the First Capture of Alate Foxglove Aphid in Yellow Water Pan Trap and the Number Trapped in June in Tokachi District, Hokkaido

Monitoring Adult European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Potatoes on Prince Edward Island

Experiments to determine the effectiveness and time required to sample for males of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), with blacklight, water-pan, Heliothis-cone , and delta-wing traps, along with sweep-net samples of grassy areas near potato fields were conducted at four sites in 1990 and 1991 on Prince Edward Island. Compared with the blacklight trap, the water-pan trap caught 1.72 times more males in 1990 and 1.97 times more males in 1991. The Heliothis-cone and delta-wing traps, and sweep-net samples were ineffective for male European corn borer. Blacklight traps required significantly more time to sample than any of the pheromone-based traps. A waterpan trap is an effective tool to monitor adult males of the European corn borer in potatoes on Prince Edward Island. In 1992, the mean number of males per pan trap per week was 7.4 for the Iowa strain, 1.1 for the New York strain, 0.6 for the hybrid strain, and 1.1 for an unbaited trap. This suggests that the Iowa strain predominates in the population of European corn borer on Prince Edward Island.

Incidence and population fluctuation of Diuraphis noxia in Hungary

A yellow water pan trap was used to collect Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) in Central Hungary in 1989. In 1990 a Rothamsted-type suction trap collected 31 individuals. A D. noxia infestation was found in an autumn-sown wheat field in October 1990. The D. noxia population that overwintered was holocyclic. The life-span of fundatrices was 43.2 days at 18–22°C. The number of nymphs produced per fundatrix was 46.6. Average progeny numbers of first-generation apterae and alatae were 29.4 and 21.4, respectively. Second-generation apterae produced an average of 48.8 nymphs; 35.9% of nymphs were alatiform. The D. noxia population reached its peak on 3 July in the field, at which time the mean number of individuals per wheat plant was 3953.6. By 20 July, the wheat plants had matured and the D. noxia colonies had disappeared from the wheat.

Pyrethroid/Organophosphate Combinations for Management of the Sweetpotato Whitefly and Geminivirus on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Spring, 1991

Abstract On 8 Mar, transplants were set 18 in apart on raised beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of three 50-ft-long rows on 5 ft centers separated by 50 ft. Treatments were replicated 2 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a high clearance, self-propelled sprayer on 15, 19, 26 Mar, 2, 9, 16, 22 Apr, 1, 8, 13, and 29 May. The sprayer was operated at 200 psi and 3.4 mph and used hollow cone nozzles fitted with D-3 disks and #25 cores. The numbers of nozzles per row were increased from 4 to 8 to increase gallonage as the plants grew. Thus, 50 gal/acre were applied the first seven sprays (4 nozzles), 75 gal/acre the eighth and ninth sprays (6 nozzles), and 100 gal/acre for the remaining sprays (8 nozzles). A single four inch square yellow water pan trap was placed in the center of the middle row of each plot for 24 hrs weekly. Three leaves from the upper, middle, and lower canopy were examined weekly from each of 10 plants from the middle row of each plot and the number of sweetpotato whitefly adults were counted. The terminal leaflet was collected from the 7th or 8th leaf (counting from the top) of each of 20 stems from the middle row of each plot on 23 Apr, 9, 23 May, and 7 Jun. The numbers of eggs, crawlers, sessile nymphs, pupae, and pupa exuviae of the sweetpotato whitefly were counted. All plants were examined weekly for characteristic symptoms of an unknown geminivirus transmitted by the whitefly. All fruit of marketable size were harvested on 24 May and 3 Jun and the fruit were sized, counted, and weighed.

European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Moth Captures in Aerial Water Pan Traps Influenced by Replacement of Pheromone at Different Intervals

Aerial water pan pheromone traps were used to monitor flights of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), in two locations in South Dakota during 1987 and at three sites in Illinois in 1988. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of different pheromone septa replacement intervals on European corn borer moth captures in aerial water pan pheromone traps. At each location, four treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design. The treatments consisted of differing the length of time pheromone septa were allowed to remain in the water pan traps and were as follows: (1) septa replaced weekly, (2) septa replaced biweekly (once every 2 wk), (3) septa replaced every 3 wk or monthly, and (4) traps used without septa. Results indicate that even when pheromone septa are changed very infrequently (3 wk to monthly), distinct flights of male European corn borer moths can be detected. Moth captures were generally greater in water pan traps in which septa were changed weekly; however, in many instances, no significant differences in trap catches occurred among the three pheromone replacement treatments. When European corn borer populations are very low, the length of time between pheromone septa replacement may not significantly affect the capture of male moths. Replacement of pheromone septa on a biweekly basis should work satisfactorily for a large-scale monitoring program where expense is a concern.

An Adjustable Water-Pan Trap for Simultaneous Sampling of Insects at Different Heights

An inexpensive, easy to install, adjustable water-pan trap was developed and used to simultaneously monitor aphids and cicadellids at three different heights in a maize-bean-pumpkin triculture. The trap can be adjusted to any desired height up to 2.2 m. The results suggest that insect activity (as reflected in trap catches) varies with height. In contrast, use of other traps which sample at one height may underestimate insect populations providing a biased or limited representation of their true abundance.

Effect of Trap Color and Size on Relative Efficiency of Water-Pan Traps for Sampling Alate Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Potato

Laboratory and field comparisons of four different, green, horizontal, waterpan traps with each other, with yellow water-pan traps, and with suction traps currently used to monitor aphids on potato, Solanum tuberosum L., were done between 1985 and 1987 to assess their effectiveness in measuring absolute landing rates of aphids. Potato leaf traps met the greatest number of criteria for an ideal trap. The mosaic-green-tile, waterpan trap met many criteria but trapped as many species as the attractive yellow traps. Two types of green-tile traps were also attractive to aphids and did not match the reflective spectogram of potato leaves above 650 nm. Results support the theory that the level of aphid catch per unit of surface area is independent from the size of the trap when traps have color reflectance spectograms similar to the crop, but the results are in conflict with the hypothesis that it should result in unbiased sampling.

簡便な乾式トラップの試作

Effectiveness of a simple cone trap was examined in a wind tunnel and a field cage. The cone trap was more effective for capture of Acanthoplusia agnata and Autographa nigrisinga males than the water-pan trap.

Control of potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella with sex pheromones in Peru

The potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is one of the most damaging pests of potatoes in field and storage and is generally of greatest importance in warmer climates. The sex pheromone of this pest consists of two substances. The first is trans-4, cis-7, tridecadien-1-ol acetate (also called PTM 1) and the second active substance is trans-4, cis-7, cis-10-tridecatrien-1-ol acetate (also called PTM 2). Results on monitoring, mass trapping and mating disruption using this pheromone are reported. Of the trap designs tested, no significant differences ( P>0.05) in trap capture were observed between the water-pan trap and the funnel trap set at ground level and at 40 and 80 cm of elevation. Of the eight ratios of PTM 1 and PTM 2 tested, all were significantly superior to the use of virgin-female traps. Highest captures were obtained by using a 9:1 or 1:1.5 ratio of PTM 1:2. The attractiveness of 9:1 ratio appears to drop after 90 days of field use. The 1:1.5 ratio remained attractive for 90 days and beyond. Storage at −5°C for 2 months did not diminish the attractiveness of this pheromone blend. The presence of impurities EZ 4,7–13: OH or EZZ 4,7,10–13: OH reduced trap captures. Unpurified pheromone 1:1.5 at 15-mg loading was as effective as the pure pheromone. In monitoring studies, tuber damage of clone DTO 33 was related to trap catches. Mass trapping demonstrated the feasibility of direct control in field and stores. In field studies, the presence of synthetic pheromones reduced the catch in surrounding water-pan traps baited with virgin females by 97%. Trap densities of one funnel trap per 225 m 2 reduced tuber damage by 45% when compared with plots receiving normal insecticidal application with no pheromones. In storage trials, both water-pan and funnel trap were effective in reducing tuber damage. Microencapsulated pheromone spray significantly reduced larval infestation in stored tubers.

Comparison of an Aerial Water-pan Pheromone Trap with Traditional Trapping Techniques for the European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

An aerial water-pan pheromone trap (AWPT) was compared with 15-W blacklight (BLT) and Pherocon 1-C sticky traps (ST), for trapping the European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner). At low ECB population densities, the catches in AWPT and BLT were not significantly different, whereas at higher ECB densities, catches in BLT were greater. The AWPT caught significantly more ECB, at all densities, than did the ST. Night observations revealed the AWPT to be 400% more efficient at trapping ECB than the ST. Competition by virgin females, and the sedentary tendency of males, could explain why catches were similar at low densities and dissimilar at higher densities.

Flight of the bluegreen aphid,Acyrthosiphon kondoiShinji (Homoptera: Aphididae). III. Comparison of trapping methods forA. kondoiand natural enemies

Abstract Suction-trap catches of winged bluegreen aphid (BGA), Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji and its natural enemies (Coccinella undecimpunctata L. and Micromus tasmaniae [Walker]), in a lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) crop in Canterbury, New Zealand, were compared to trap catches from a yellow cylindrical sticky-trap, a yellow water pan trap, and a wind vane net trap. Sticky trap and water pan catches of BGA were highly correlated to suction-trap catches, while the wind vane net was the least correlated. Suction traps and sticky traps were more effective than other traps for sampling C. undecimpunctata. M. tasmaniae was most effectively sampled by suction traps. However, for monitoring of BGA flights, sticky traps and water pan traps proved adequate substitutes to suction traps. The effect of environmental conditions on aphid catch in the sticky and water pan traps were analysed. The performance of the water pan trap was more influenced by environmental conditions than the sticky trap.

Evaluation of a Synthetic Sex Pheromone Funnel Trap for Potato Tuberworm Moths (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Two trap designs and eight formulations of potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), sex pheromone, trans -4, cis -7-tridecadien-l-ol acetate (PTM 1) and PTM 1 + trans -4, cis -7, cis -10-tridecatrien-l-ol acetate (PTM 2) were tested in the field during 1982 in Lima, Peru. No significant differences ( P > 0.05) in trap capture were observed between the water pan trap at ground level and the funnel trap set at ground level and at 40 and 80 cm of elevation. All eight ratios of PTM 1 and PTM 2 tested were significantly superior to the use of virgin-female traps. Highest capture was obtained by using a 9:1 ratio of PTM 1 to PTM 2. Ratios of 1:1.5 and 3:1 were as effective as a 9:1 ratio of PTM 1 to PTM 2. PTM 1 alone had significantly lower captures than these ratios. The attractiveness of a 9:1 ratio appears to drop after 90 days of field use. The 1:1.5 ratio remained attractive for 90 days and beyond. Storage at −5°C for 2 months did not diminish the attractiveness of this pheromone blend.

Visual Responses of Some Sugarbeet Insects to Sticky Traps and Water Pan Traps of Various Colors

The color responses of insects associated with sugarbeet were evaluated in the field. Palestriped flea beetle, Systena blanda Melsheimer, exhibited a strong visual response to yellow water pan traps as compared to blue, black, red, green, orange, and white but was rarely recovered from elevated sticky traps. The aster leafhopper, Macrosteles fascifrons (Stal), and the leafhoppers Aceratagallia uhleri (Van Duzee) and Balclutha neglecta (Delong and Davidson) generally responded most positively to orange sticky traps and water pan traps. The tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvais) and the beneficials Chrysopa carnea Stephens and convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, did not exhibit strong visual orientation to any color tested.

Evaluation of Survey Trapping Techniques for Potato Tuberworm Moths with Chemical Baited Traps1

Two trap designs, 2 bait dispensers, and 8 synthetic tridecen-, and tridecadien-l-ol acetate isomers or mixtures were evaluated for survey trapping of adult moths of Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller). Of the trapping techniques tested, highest moth catches were obtained with a water pan trap baited with a rubber cap impregnated with 300 μg of t-4, c-7-C13OAc. Similarly baited Pherocon® IC sticky traps caught fewer moths under conditions of high infestation because their sticky surfaces tended to become saturated with moths. The handling characteristics and longevity of the rubber cap made it more suitable than a solution wick for dispensing attractants. None of the δ-7- or δ-7,11-C13OAc isomers rivaled t-4, c-7-C13OAc in attractant potency, though c-7- and c-7, t-11-C13OAc possess some minor attractant activity. Furthermore, δ-7,11-C13-OAc isomers were not found in extracts of female potato tuberworms.