Water Hyacinth Plants Research Articles

Uptake of chromium in water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and its impact on biochemical structure

The present study was conducted to assess the accumulation of chromium in water hyacinth plant (Eichhornia crassipes) through its growing medium. The water hyacinth plant was collected from pond and treated with different concentration of K2Cr2O7. The effect of chromium accumulation on growth and biochemical parameters of plant was observed. The results revealed that the heavy metal uptake by plant root was increased with increase in concentration of Cr in test solution while the translocation of absorbed Cr was very low to other part of plant in comparison to root. Relative growth rate, biomass productivity, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content were reduced with increased concentration of Cr in test solution. However, ascorbic acid concentration showed negative correlation with other parameters. It was found to be increased with increasing concentration of Cr in test solution. Proline content in plant showed a different trend. It initially increased with increase in Cr concentration in test solution and time and then followed a decreasing order.

Biological control of water hyacinth in California’s Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta: observations on establishment and spread

ABSTRACTWater hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms-Laubach) is a serious invasive weed in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta of California. Three insects: Neochetina eichhorniae Warner and Neochetina bruchi Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Niphograpta (=Sameodes) albiguttalis (Warren) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) were released during 1982–1987 at four locations for the biological control of water hyacinth. Observations in 1985 suggested that all three species had established. By 2002, water hyacinth populations in the Delta still required an aggressive chemical control campaign and the status of the biological control agents was in question. In late 2002, a field survey to determine the distribution and abundance of the released insects was performed. Water hyacinth plants were collected by boat in the main water channels and from land at smaller sloughs and examined for insects. In total, 27 sites with water hyacinth distributed across the Delta were examined of which 21 had weevils. Weevil abundance ranged from 0 to 10.9 weevils per plant, with an average of 0.93 (±0.47 SEM) adult weevils per plant. All weevils (n = 518) were identified as N. bruchi. No N. eichhorniae were recovered and no larvae or evidence of larval feeding by N. albiguttalis were observed. A total of 322 weevils were examined for microsporidia and none was found infected, indicating an infection rate of less than 1%. These results suggest that N. bruchi may be the only established biological control agent of water hyacinth in the Delta and that infection by microsporidia does not appear to be limiting its population abundance.

ADSORPTION OF URANIUM FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY DRY AND CHEMICAL MODIFIED WATER HYACINTH ROOTS

Adsorption of uranium using dried roots of water hyacinth plant (E. crassipesas) has been investigated. The plants were collected from Ismailia canal, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. And pretreated with different activating agents as organic or metallic acids, using fixed concentration from each activator (5%). The adsorption were examined as a function of initial uranium concentration, contact time, pH, temperature, volume, dose of roots and size. Citric acid has advantage and the optimum condition was 94% about pH of 5.

FARMERS’ GUIDANCE FOR RECYCLING AGRICULTURAL WASTES TO PRODUCE ANIMAL FEED

The increasing expansion of water hyacinth plant activity over year has led to the accumulation of large quantity their in the Nile River due to prohibit a lot of rile water and light from organisms living in the Nile, and consuming nile water. Recently, the world used water hyacinth leaves to absorbe the metal ions from waste water. In this study we used this to up- grade nutritional value of some lignocellulosic matertials such as rice straw and banana leaves. The lignocellulosic residues can be used without any chemical or biotechnology pretreatment (control) or can be hydrolyzed before any fermentation, then the subsequent can result in a product with high protein content as well as high digestibility compared to non added residues. In this study, we made mixture combination water hyacinth leaves to rice straw or banana leaves with different ratios (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 g water hyacinth leaves/100g rice straw or banana leaves). All treatments gave a good results, but treatment added 30 g water hyacinth leaves / 100g rice straw or banana leaves is the better than all. The increasing in protein content from 2.30%, 12.50 % (control) to 10.00%, 17.10 % and decreasing in fiber fraction sepically, cellulose and lignin. Cellulose decreased from 33.30 %, 26.30% to 22.00%, 19.35% and lignin decreased from 11.60%,8.50% and 5.95%, 5.35% in rice straw and banana leaves, respectively. In vitro digestibility studies indicated significantly (P< 0.05) higher values for treatment added 30% water hyacinth leaves in the rice straw and banana leaves , respectively, to produce feed non traditional for animals. Pleurotus ostreatus was used to upgrade nutritional value of rice straw, banana leaves and water hyacinth leaves by using different amounts of Pleurotus ostreatus inoculum, in solid state fermentation technique. The chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of the resulted protein enriched product were deter­mined. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin showed gradual decrease with increasing inoculums of Pleurotus ostreatus , however, in vitro disappearance increased

Plant-mediated synthesis of platinum nanoparticles using water hyacinth as an efficient biomatrix source – An eco-friendly development

We herein report an eco-friendly synthesis of platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs) using aqueous extracts from water hyacinth plant as efficient reducing and stabilizing agents. The colour change and optical analysis confirmed the formation of Pt-NPs. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis showed that the as-synthesised Pt-NPs are small and spherical in shape with average diameter of 3.74nm while dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of 73.3nm and −0.0536mV respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that, the presence of hydroxyl, nitrogen and carbohydrate groups present in the extract are responsible for the reduction and capping of Pt-NPs.

Occurrence and diversity of fungal pathogens associated with water hyacinth and their potential as biocontrol agents in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia

ABSTRACTWater hyacinth poses serious socio-economic and environmental problems in Ethiopia. To integrate fungal pathogens into water hyacinth management, a survey was conducted in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Based on morphological characterization and DNA sequencing, 25 fungal species were identified that belong to nine genera. Alternaria tenuissima, A. alternata, Aspergillus niger, Phoma sp., Curvularia trifolii, Mucor fragilis, M. racemosus, A. fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporum, and F. equiseti were the most common fungi detected. However, their occurrence was influenced by water wave action, temperature, season, and altitude. Among the fungal pathogens, A. alternata, A. tenuissima, F. oxysporum, F. equiseti, and Neofisicoccum parvum were highly pathogenic to water hyacinth. Alternaria alternata and A. tenuissima did not cause disease symptoms on ecologically important plant species (e.g. Noug, Tef, and Coffee). Application of the fungal pathogens on water hyacinth plants also showed 11%–67%, 22%–72%, 15%–55%, and 12%–50% reduction in fresh weight, dry weight, plant height, and root length of water hyacinth, respectively. This study suggests that fungal species have the potential to control water hyacinth biologically and provides baseline data for biological control efforts in the future.

Controlling Water Hyacinth in Lake Tana Using Biological Method at Green House and Pond Level

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is one of the most dangerous aquatic weeds for Lake Tana. To minimize invasion; biological, chemical and physical control methods can be used. Biological control based on the use of natural enemies of the weed to discourage its development was the best option. Plant pathogenic associated with naturally infected Faba bean by fungus was conducted at different sites with the objective of study the pathogen city indigenous fungi on water hyacinth to manage its spread on Lake Tana. Infected fungus plant samples were collected from three weredas (Amba Gyorgese, Dabat and Debarke) around Gondar at 20 Peasant association (PAs), The collection were done for infected Faba bean leaves and roots and isolated using Potato Dextrose Agar medium. Highest disease incidence per plant was recorded in water hyacinth plants using Using Modified Naseema et al. (2001) disease severity rating scale by inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani spp. Aspergillus flavus, Tricothcium roseum, Fusarium spp and Aspergillus niger show high moderate disease severity and tissue death at green house and pond level. Those fungus were released on September 2016 to prepared open pond at 16m2 and water hyacinth was started severely attacked on November 2016, its disease incidence was 55% at 23˚C and humidity 39%, in December 2016 its disease incidence was 58.4% at humidity 31% and 23˚C, in January 2017 disease incidence was 65% at 26˚C and humidity 25% and in Feb 2017 not record disease incidence because all leaves are attacked and dry and Disease severity was 100%.However, in April 2017 due to the climate conditions becomes cold and rain the dried water hyacinth started make new shoot and at this time the disease severity was 90%. Some species of Fungi found in Faba bean leaf and root can eradicate the healthy water hyacinth at above 26˚C and at less than 25% Humidity.

PENGEMBANGAN TEKNIK PRODUKSI MASSAL BIOMAS ECENG GONDOK

Siltation and the presence of water hyacinth plants on a sewer/river is a cause of flooding in urban areas (beaches). Water hyacinth grows fast in rivers, sewer, boezem, lake and or water storage areas, which impedes the water flow and encourages a silting. Rivers dredging or reservoirs of waste water hyacinths just stacked on the edge of river that makes the dirty environment. The research aims to develop a composting technique made from water hyacinth in a mass scale. Factorial experimental treatments (1) Packaging B1: open, B2: plastic bags (glangsing), and B3: buried; and (2) Starter S1: mixture EM4 30%, S2: mixture EM4 20% + urea 1kg/3 liter, and S3: mixture EM4 10% + urea 2 kg/3 liter, so there are nine treatment combinations. Experimental units are water hyacinth biomass as much as one cubic, nine cubic overall. The research results devoted to volume shrinkage, variable temperature, pH, change in smell, colour and biomass texture of water hyacinth during the first two weeks showed a high variation among treatments, but in the fifth week, all of variables were homogeneous relatively and showed almost complete indicators of composting process. Depreciation amounted to 68-78% volume, temperature 26-29oC, pH of 7.0-7.5; texture is brittle, blackish brown color and relatively odorless. C/N biomass ratio at composting mass of water hyacinth from 33-37, and at fifth week the results are varied for the treatment of S1, S2B1, and S3B1 value is still above 20 while the other is below 20, and the lowest at 16.9 S3B3 treatment.&#x0D; Keywords: Composting technology mass, Water hyacinth biomass, Starter, Packaging

Utilization of Effective Microorganisms based water hyacinth compost as biosorbent for the removal of basic dyes

AbstractThe water hyacinth plants are renewable natural biomass, proliferate ubiquitously, and abundant in water bodies often posing environmental nuisances. To overcome this problem, a novel approach that utilizes water hyacinth plant has to be arrived. This research work mainly deals with application of low cost, non-conventional, newly developed novel biomaterial, Effective Microorganisms (EM) based Water Hyacinth Compost as biosorbent for the removal of basic dyes from aqueous solution. Biosorption of basic dyes like Methylene Blue (MB), Malachite Green (MG), and Basic Blue 41 (BB41) was investigated using a biosorbent of EM based Water Hyacinth Compost. The biosorbent material was analyzed for physico-chemical composition such as pH, moisture content, organic carbon, nitrogen, etc. and also the biosorbent was characterized before and after adsorption using FTIR and SEM. The batch study was performed to optimize the operational parameters such as pH, biosorbent dosage, biosorbent particle size, and in...

PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIFITAS PENURUNAN KADAR BOD DAN COD PADA LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU MENGGUNAKAN TANAMAN KAYU APU (Pistia stratiotes) DAN TANAMAN ECENG GONDOK (Eichornia crassipes Solms)

Tofu waste is the waste generated in tofu manufacturing process. The Waste is generated in the form of solid and liquid wastes. The liquid waste contains organic material. When it is disposed in water without processing, it will cause pollution, such as the reduction of oxygen dissolved in the water causing disturbance on organisms living in the water. This is an actual experimental research by using "pretest-posttest with Control Group" design. This research was conducted with 9 repetitions; each took 30 liters divided into three tubs. The data were then analyzed by using the percent decline formula. The results showed that each treatment was effective to reduce BOD and COD with 2 days contact. BOD reduction was 49.11% and 42.87% for COD reduction by using water hyacinth plant. With apu-apu, the reduction of BOD was 33.76% and COD was 36.26%. Small and medium industries experiencing problems with the quality BOD and COD level are suggested to make a pond filled with the plants to absorb the levels of BOD and COD to improve the quality of the liquid waste before it is discharged in water bodies. Government institutions are expected to continue to monitor industry that produces waste. Therefore, BOD and COD levels remain below the quality standard that has been set.Keywords : BOD, COD, Apu-Apu, Water Hyacinth, Tofu waste

Site test of phytoremediation of an open pond contaminated with domestic sewage using water hyacinth and water lettuce

This study was undertaken in situ to explore the potential of the alien plants water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) and water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) as phytoremediation aquatic macrophytes for nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) removal and algal interception from domestic sewage contaminated pond (approximately 10500m2 in area, average 2.5m in depth) by using self-designed experimental devices from July 7 to August 8 in 2015. The physicochemical properties of water and plant samples as well as N and P mass balance in the phytoremediation system were investigated. The range of physicochemical parameters of influent were shown as follows: water temperature (WT: 24.5°C −31.0°C), pH (6.94–8.25), DO (4.58mgL−1–15.73 mgL−1), CODMn (5.00mgL−1–13.15mgL−1), TN (1.60mgL−1–5.60mgL−1) and TP (0.16mgL−1–0.73mgL−1). Water hyacinth, which exhibited hyperactive accumulating capacity for nitrogen (58.64% of total reductions), was more suitable than water lettuce for the intensive purification of domestic sewage with high nitrogen concentrations. This result may be attributed to the larger total root surface area (0.97m2g−1–1.10m2g−1 fresh weight), active absorption area (0.31m2g−1–0.36m2g−1 fresh weight), and leaf area and higher root activity (71.79μgg−1h−1–98.34μgg−1h−1), root biomass (kgm−2), and net photosynthetic rate (20.28μmol CO2m−2S−1) of water hyacinth than those of water lettuce regardless of cultivation in oligotrophic water with total nitrogen contents lower than 1.0mgL−1. Water lettuce exhibited a higher total phosphorus removal efficiency, which benefitted higher P accumulation, adsorption, and precipitation because of its longer roots (approximately 49.0cm) with higher rhizofiltration capacity. As such, water lettuce achieved higher algal (96.36%) and chlorophyll a (96.65%) removal efficiencies. A combined pattern using both macrophytes was recommended for the phytoremediation of most domestic sewages containing dual contaminants (N and P) in the future.

Komunikasi dalam Difusi Inovasi Kerajinan Enceng Gondok di Desa Tuntang, Kabupaten Semarang

Water hyacinth plants for most residents in the village Tuntang considered a weed in large amounts. Water hyacinth lead to silting in waters such as lakes and ponds, but the diffusion of innovation, a lot of business opportunities that can be produced from water hyacinth handicraft businesses. Villagers Tuntang made of water hyacinth as a craft material that has a high value ekomoni. The method used is qualitative descriptive with case study strategy in the village Tuntang. The result through interpersonal communication to make success in the diffusion process of water hyacinth handicraft innovation for residents in the village Tuntang, Semarang regency.

القيمة الغذائية للنباتات المائية واستخدامها في تغذية الأسماك والحيوانات

كان استخدام النباتات المائية المجففة كبروتين يومي للحيوان والأسماك موضوع البحث في هذه الدراسة. تحليلات لنباتات مختلفة (صفير الماء ، طحلب البط ، اللوتس) في المختبر. هذا لتقييم إمكاناتها في تكوين الحيوانات والأعلاف. أظهر التحليل التقريبي أن المحتوى الرطوبي تراوح من 6.25٪ في النبات إلى 32.5٪ للدهون الخام ، وأقل قيمة من 2.5 إلى 5.4 في النبات بأكمله ، بينما تراوحت نسبة الألياف الخام من 4.5 إلى 11.1٪ في كامل النبات. تراوحت نسبة البروتين الخام من 8.55٪ إلى 14.2٪. في نبات الطحلب البطي بكامله ، يمكن استخدام النبات المفضل كمصدر غذائي لتغذية الحيوانات والأسماك ثم صفير الماء واللوتس. إجمالي الأحماض الأمينية كمية كبيرة في ماء صفير من اللوتس والطحلب (397.638 ، 175.98 و 95.915 مجم / جم).

Dielectric spectroscopic studies on the water hyacinth plant collected from agriculture drainage

The present paper aims to investigate the sensitivity of dielectric spectroscopy to changes in concentrations of pollutants (heavy metals and metal oxides) uptake by the water hyacinth plant collected from agriculture wastewater drainage. The measurements were carried out on the dried root and shoot plant parts before and after subjecting to different microwave heating powers for different times. Dielectric properties of the untreated root were investigated at temperature range (30–90°C). X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) results showed that the concentration of metals and metals oxides are higher in plant root than in plant shoot. Accordingly, the obtained dielectric properties were found to depend on the applied electric field frequency, magnitude of heating power as well as concentrations of pollutants. Analysis of experimental data represented by the imaginary part of the dielectric modulus M″ (ω) revealed to the presence of three different relaxation processes. The lower frequency relaxation process was associated to charge carriers conduction whereas those appeared at higher frequencies were associated to different types of interfacial polarization. The plant ability for removing heavy metals and metal oxides from the aquatic environments would be enhanced upon subjecting to microwave heating power with 400W for 30min.

Effect of synthetic and biosynthesized silver nanoparticles on growth, physiology and oxidative stress of water hyacinth: Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms

Silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized by several methods and are being widely used in various fields of science. In recent times, evaluation of their toxicological effects on environment, especially to the plant ecosystems has attained special attention. In this study, effect of synthesized AgNPs [chemically (S-AgNPs) and/or biologically (B-AgNPs)] on the growth and physiology of an aquatic plant water hyacinth—Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms was evaluated. Water hyacinth plants were treated with S-AgNPs and B-AgNPs at different concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 mg L−1and growth was monitored for 5 days. Decreased growth of hyacinth was observed only on fifth day in treatments with S-AgNPs treatment alone but not for B-AgNPs. Further, the atomic absorption spectroscopy results (at 100 mg L−1 concentration) showed a higher accumulation of S-AgNPs over the B-AgNPs in various parts of the treated plants. Biochemical analysis on day five in B-AgNPs treated leaf extracts revealed an increase in carbohydrate and protein levels, and a decrease in phenol and chlorophyll content. In contrary, S-AgNPs treated leaf extracts did not show any significant changes in carbohydrate and protein levels, however, observed a significant increase in phenol and chlorophyll content. Interestingly, S-AgNP treatment increased the activities of antioxidative enzymes, such as catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. No significant differences were measured in plants treated with B-AgNPs when compared to normal plants which may reveal that these B-AgNPs instead enhanced the plant growth with a fewer minor effects on water hyacinth plants over S-AgNPs.

Optimization of Process Parameters for Catalytic Conversion of Solid Bio-waste during Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion

A comprehensive experimental and modelling study is done on the Biomethanation from water hyacinth plant (Eichhorniacrassipes) to optimise the yield of methane gas with three different catalysts. Water hyacinth grows in the rivers, lakes etc. and it is a huge source of biomass that is easily available. The costs related issues are therefore quite considerable. The experiment of catalytic Biomethanation on water hyacinth was carried out under anaerobic condition in semi-batch digester and batch digester under controlled pH with range of 6.2 to 7.12 and at temperature 30-40°C. In this study, the pH, temperature, VFA (volatile fatty acid) was measured once in every week. This present research incorporates a comparative study on the yield of methane gas between control set-up and catalytic set-up.

Development of Andragogy-Based on the Job Training Model Using Water Hyacinth in Gorontalo Regency

This research is aimed at investigating the development of andragogy-based on the job training model to train the people in creating handicrafts made from water hyacinth. This research is a training model conducted in the workplace with internship method. The final output expected in this research is the effectiveness of the model in improving the competencies of the apprentice as well as nurturing their sense of independence. The method used in this research is research development and experiment. The development of the model follows the following steps: (1) identification of potentials and problems, (2) data collection, (3) training design, (4) design validation, (5) design revision, (6) Empirical Trial Phase I, (7) Revision of the result from empirical test phase I, (8) empirical test phase II, (9) Revision of the result from empirical test phase II, (10) recommended model. This experimental method is used for empirical trials. The output of this study, quantitatively revealed that there is a significant improvement on the competence of magang. Hal this means that the model based on the job training andragogi effective for improving the competence of apprentices in the use of water hyacinth plants. Furthermore, the results of a qualitative study, it was revealed that the presence of some capabilities and behaviors that support the increasing competence. Finally, through the analysis of attitudes, found the attitude of apprentices after following the Andragogy-Based on the Job Training Model.

PEMANFAATAN ECENG GONDOK UNTUK MENURUNKAN KADAR DETERJEN DI DALAM AIR

Detergent is included as chemical characteristic of the wastewater in the form of organic compound that has negative impact on the enviroment and human health. Phytoremediation can be used to reduce level of detergent by using the water hyacinth plant as abssorbent. The purposeof this research is to use water hyacinth to reduce level of detergent in water. This is a pre-experimental research with one group pretest-posttest approach. Datacollection was conducted by checking detergent level for a contact time as many as 31 samples.Furthermore, the data was analyzed descriptively by using tabulation. The highest percentage of decrease in detergent level based on the amount of water hyacinth was in the 6th day with 6 hyacinth by 70.08%. In this research, it is advisable to raw water companies to use water hyacinth in reducing level of detergent in water. Other researchers are suggested to increase the amount of water hyacinth and extend contact time by performing the same processing. To add detergent, it needs to take into account the initial detergent concentration.

The efficient role of aquatic plant (water hyacinth) in treating domestic wastewater in continuous system

ABSTRACTIn this study, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was used to treat domestic wastewater. Ten organic and inorganic parameters were monitored in three weeks for water purification. The six chemical, biological and physical parameters included Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and pH were compared with the Interim National Water Quality Standards, Malaysia River classification (INWQS) and Water Quality Index (WQI). Between 38% to 96% of reduction was observed and water quality has been improved from class III and IV to class II. Analyses for Electricity Conductivity (EC), Salinity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Ammonium (NH4) were also investigated. In all parameters, removal efficiency was in range of 13–17th day (optimum 14th day) which was higher than 3 weeks except DO. It reveals the optimum growth rate of water hyacinth has great effect on waste water purification efficiency in continuous system and nutrient removal was successfully achieved.

Arsenic toxicity: cell signalling and the attenuating effect of nitric oxide in Eichhornia crassipes

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important molecule involved in the perception of stress induced by toxic compounds such as arsenic (As). The present study investigated the role of NO applied as sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in cell signalling and the ability of NO to attenuate the toxic effects of As (in the form of sodium arsenate) in water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). Water hyacinth plants were collected and assigned to one of the following treatments: control; 100 μM SNP; 20 μM As; or 20 μM As + 100 μM SNP. The plants remained under these conditions for 0, 4, 12, and 24 h. After each time interval, the plants were collected and As absorption, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), integrity of membranes, and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated. The plants were able to absorb and accumulate large amounts of As, even after only four hours of exposure to the pollutant. The absorption and bioaccumulation factor of As was even greater when plants were exposed to both As and SNP. The accumulation of As triggered increases in ROS production and cell membrane damage. In the presence of SNP, the tolerance index to As increased and damage was mitigated. Therefore, from the present work, it was possible to conclude that exogenous NO influenced the ability of plants to tolerate As; this finding has implications for phytoremediation in areas contaminated by As.