Sodium Silicate Research Articles

Research on Alkali-Activated Slag Stabilization of Dredged Silt Based on a Response Surface Method.

To improve the resource utilization of dredged silt and industrial waste, this study explores the efficacy of using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), active calcium oxide (CaO), and sodium silicate (Na2O·nSiO2) as alkali activators for silt stabilization. Through a combination of addition tests, response surface method experiments, and microscopic analyses, we identified key factors influencing the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of stabilized silt, optimized material ratios, and elucidated stabilization mechanisms. The results revealed the following: (1) CaO exhibited the most pronounced stabilization effect, succeeded by Na2O·nSiO2, whereas GGBS alone displayed marginal efficacy. CaO-stabilized silt demonstrated rapid strength augmentation within the initial 7 d, while Na2O·nSiO2-stabilized silt demonstrated a more gradual strength enhancement over time, attributable to the delayed hydration of GGBS in non-alkaline conditions, with strength increments noticeably during later curing phases. (2) Response surface analysis demonstrated substantial interactions among GGBS-CaO and GGBS-Na2O·nSiO2, with the optimal dosages identified as 11.5% for GGBS, 4.1% for CaO, and 5.9% for Na2O·nSiO2. (3) X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses clarified that the hydration reactions within the GGBS-Na2O·nSiO2 composite cementitious system synergistically enhanced one another, with hydration products wrapping, filling, and binding the silt particles, thereby rendering the microstructure denser and more stable. Based on these experimental outcomes, we propose a microstructural mechanism model for the stabilization of dredged silt employing GGBS-CaO-Na2O·nSiO2.

Sodium silicate accelerates suberin accumulation at wounds of potato tuber by inducing phenylpropanoid pathway and fatty acid metabolism during healing

Although soluble silicate was reported to accelerate wound healing in muskmelon fruit through encouraging the deposition of lignin or free fatty acids, whether sodium silicate affects the biosynthesis, cross-linking and transport of suberin monomers during potato wound healing remains unknown. In this study, sodium silicate upregulated the expression and activity of 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and promoted the synthesis of phenolic acids (caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, sinapic acid, and ferulic acid) in tuber wounds. Meanwhile, sodium silicate upregulated the expression of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (StGPAT), fatty acyl reductase (StFAR), long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (StLACS), β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (StKCS), and cytochrome P450 (StCYP86A33), and thus increased the levels of α, ω-diacids, ω-hydroxy acids, and primary alcohols in wounds. Sodium silicate also induced the expression of ω-hydroxy acid/fatty alcohol hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (StFHT), ABC transporter (StABCG), and promoted the deposition of suberin in wound surface, hence reducing tuber disease index and weight loss during healing. Taken together, sodium silicate may accelerate suberin accumulation at potato tubers wound through inducing the phenylpropanoid pathway and fatty acid metabolism.

Strength, durability, and toxicity characteristics of water treatment sludge based geopolymers for subgrade application

This study examined the strength, durability and toxicity characteristics of geopolymer made from water treatment sludge (WTS) using fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as binding materials for the subgrade application. The mechanical properties of WTS-FA-GGBS geopolymers were assessed considering various parameters such as binder proportions, curing period, curing condition, Sodium silicate (SS) to Sodium hydroxide (SH) ratio (i.e. SS/SH), and Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration. The results showed that increasing binder proportions, NaOH concentration, and curing period positively impacted the strength of the WTS-FA-GGBS geopolymer. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the geopolymer samples with an SS/SH ratio of 2.5 showed higher compressive strength than those at an SS/SH ratio of 1. WTS-FA-GGBS geopolymers cured at 100°C showed increased UCS values after 1 to 3 days, but strength decreased after 7 days due to a faster geopolymerisation reaction, resulting in excessive moisture loss and microcracks in the geopolymerized samples. The study also found that all the geopolymer samples met the minimum strength criteria for cement-stabilized mix with a maximum mass loss of 8.17 % are well within the specified limits (<14 %) as per IRC:37–2018. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values of WTS-FA-GGBS geopolymers, which range from 41.11 % to 260.32 %, surpass the minimum criteria for cement stabilized subgrade or subbase material, as specified by IRC: SP:89–2010. Additionally, the changes during geopolymerization were confirmed by FESEM, EDS, and XRD analysis. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test results showed that the amounts of heavy metals in the geopolymer leachate were within the USEPA-mandated limits.

Optimization of Flexural Strength of Sawdust Ash Blended Geopolymer Concrete

release of greenhouse gases linked to the manufacture of cement. Geopolymer as a binder for making concrete consists of two (2) main components; (1) the alkaline liquid consisting of sodium or potassium silicate and sodium or potassium hydroxide and (2) source material of geological origin or by-products rich in silica and alumina. The combination proportions utilised in this investigation were formulated utilising Scheffe's (5,2) basic lattice mix design approach with the intent to create the trial mix and the control mix. A total of thirty (30) geopolymers concrete sample mixes were made in the laboratory, with fifteen samples for trial mixes and fifteen mixtures for control mixes. These mixtures were used to appraise the performance of the sawdust ash geopolymer concrete in term of its flexural strength property. The study used sawdust ash as the source material and investigation revealed that subjecting sawdust ash to pyrolysis without oxygen has a notable impact on the pozzolanic characteristics of the constituent. Consequently, this also affects the flexural qualities of the concrete. Furthermore, it has been shown that softwood sawdust exhibits superior pozzolanic properties when compared to hardwood sawdust. The study revealed that the optimum flexural strength of sawdust ash blended geopolymer concrete is 3.3002 MPa and the corresponding mix deign obtained. Computer programs were created using Matlab and used for the optimization and prediction of the flexural strength of sawdust ash based geopolymer concrete.

Optimising Shielding Capacity: Pressure Effects on Diatomaceous Earth Composite Materials mixed with Sodium Silicate

Optimising Shielding Capacity: Pressure Effects on Diatomaceous Earth Composite Materials mixed with Sodium Silicate

Influence of anionic silica forms in clear sodium silicate precursors on metakaolin geopolymerisation via 29Si and 27Al MAS-NMR and microstructural studies

A number of synthesis parameters directly influence the degree of reticulation/geopolymerisation of metakaolin exposed to alkaline solutions of sodium hydroxide and/or sodium silicate. In the latter case, a sodium silicate solution can be depolymerised by the introduction of an appropriate amount of NaOH. The effects of the ageing of the activator solution on the reticulation of metakaolin-based geopolymers are quantified for the first time in this work. We studied the anionic species of the sodium silicate solution with the addition of NaOH made just before the preparation of the paste, 24 h or 7 days before. These three ageing periods cause a significant difference in the Si-bearing species in solution, as demonstrated by nuclear magnetic resonance on 29Si. The effect of these anionic species on the reticulation/polymerisation of metakaolin at room temperature was demonstrated by solid-state 27Al and 29Si MAS-NMR, the chemical stability in various solutions (deionised water, HCl, HNO3, H2SO4), and X-ray diffraction on geopolymer powders before and after immersion in acids. Compressive strength before and after the immersion in acidic media was an additional measurement to assess the overall structural stability of the 3D polymerised network of the final dense ceramic-like product. Ageing of the activator solution affected the chemical stability of the hardened geopolymers accompanied by a slight to severe reduction in strength after leaching in HNO3 or HCl and in H2SO4, respectively. The quantitative MAS-NMR description of the Si and Al coordination in the geopolymers was correlated with the chemical stability where the formulations with the higher number of Q4(0Al) and Q4(1Al) for the silicon species were more resistant (lower number of Na+ compensating for Al+3 to be exchanged with H+). The formulations with higher Al content in the structure, i.e. higher number of Q4(3Al) silicon species showed higher mechanical stability. These results show that the timing of the preparation of the alkaline activator is essential for a correct mix design.

Effect of Polypropylene Fiber on the Strength Properties of Geopolymer Concrete Activated with Water Glass

Effect of Polypropylene Fiber on the Strength Properties of Geopolymer Concrete Activated with Water Glass

Effect of inorganic salt impurities on seeded precipitation of silica hydrate from sodium silicate solution

To clarify the precipitation of silica hydrate from the real desilication solutions of aluminosilicate solid wastes by adding seeds and improve integrated waste utilization, the seeded precipitation was studied using synthesized sodium silicate solution containing different inorganic salt impurities. The results show that sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, or calcium chloride can change the siloxy group structure. The number of high-polymeric siloxy groups decreases with increasing sodium chloride or sodium sulfate concentration, which is detrimental to seeded precipitation. Calcium chloride favors the polymerization of silicate ions, and even the chain groups precipitate with the precipitation of high-polymeric sheet and cage-like siloxy groups. The introduced sodium cations in sodium carbonate render a more open network structure of high-polymeric siloxy groups, although the carbonate ions favor the polymerization of siloxy groups. No matter how the four impurities affect the siloxy group structure, the precipitates are always amorphous opal-A silica hydrate.

Progress in Researching the Ability of Geopolymer Concrete to Withstand a Penetration of Chloride Ions

Geopolymer concrete is an innovative environmentally friendly construction material, and the transportation of chloride ions plays a crucial role in determining its durability. This study provides a summary of the characteristics and limitations of the test techniques used to measure the resistance of geopolymer concrete to the permeability of chloride ions, based on the introduction of the chloride ion transport mechanism in geopolymer concrete. This text provides an overview of the features and constraints of the test techniques used to assess the resistance of geopolymer concrete to chloride ion permeability. It also explores the connections between the mechanism of chloride ion transport and the resistance of geopolymer concrete to chloride ion permeability. This paper provides a concise overview of the properties and constraints of the test methods used to measure the resistance of geopolymer concrete to chloride ion permeability. It also discusses the factors that can affect the chloride ion permeability resistance of geopolymer concrete and presents a comparison between different methods. The article continues by highlighting that the chloride transport model of geopolymer concrete is complex. The essay continues by highlighting the chloride transport model of geopolymer concrete, specifically focusing on the impact of individual parameters such as high temperature, freezing-thaw cycles, and the resistance of geopolymer concrete to chloride ion permeability. The study investigates the impact of freeze-thaw cycles, alkali admixture, and water glass modulus on the resistance of geopolymer concrete to chloride penetration. The infiltration of chloride, as well as the precision of determining the concentration border of chloride ions for colour rendering, require further in-depth investigation.

Surface Texturing of Silicon Wafers by Two-step Ag-assisted Etching Process with New NSR Solution

Abstract: Solar cells made of monocrystalline silicon can convert more solar energy into electrical energy if the cells can absorb greater amounts of light. Recently, it has been observed that metal-assisted catalyzed etching (MACE) is a good technology for manufacturing micro and nanostructures on silicon substrates. In this work, we use silver as a catalyst in a two-step metal-assisted etching process followed by a rebuilding nanostructure (NSR). We study the effect of changing the parameters of the second step in the MACE process (concentrations of etching solution materials, temperature, and reaction time), where black silicon was obtained with a reduced reflection of 3% without the NSR process. We tested the effect of two types of alkaline solutions in the NSR process on the surface structure of silicon. After performing an NSR operation with sodium hydroxide solution, the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) image shows a surface with upright pyramidal structures intertwined with deep cavities, and with a reflectance of 10.74%. However, after performing the NSR process with a solution of sodium silicate, the FESEM image shows a rough surface with non-overlapping pores of small cross-sections, achieving a reflectance of 8.65% within the wavelength range of 550-850nm. Keywords: Texturing, Monocrystalline silicon, Ag-assistance chemical etching, Black silicon, Reflectance.

Permeability and self-healing behavior of alkali activated geopolymers for well cementing applications

Geopolymers, also identified as alkali-activated materials (AAM), are alternative well-cementing materials with a lower carbon footprint than traditional ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Geopolymers are formed by combining an aluminosilicate precursor, such as fly ash (FA), with an alkaline activator solution. Among their merits is an ability to self-heal after becoming damaged, which can be exploited to restore permeability, sealing ability, zonal isolation, and well integrity in wells that suffer from cracking, fracturing, or debonding in their annular cement sheaths and abandonment plugs.This study investigates the self-healing ability of various alkali-activated Class F fly ash-based geopolymers. Liquid sodium hydroxide (LSH), liquid sodium silicate (LSS), and solid sodium silicate (SSS) were used as activators for the preparation of geopolymer specimens, while Class H OPC was used as the control material. Permeability was characterized using pressure transmission tests (PTT). The tested samples were of different compositions, curing ages (7-day and 28-day), damage stages (pristine, damaged after freeze-thaw cycling, self-healed after post-damage curing), and damage severity (low, medium, and high). Fourier-transform infrared-spectroscopy (FTIR) and loss on ignition (LOI) tests were performed to examine the geopolymer reaction over time, in an attempt to relate the various permeability results to the geopolymerization process. The experimental results show that geopolymers possess low permeability, comparable to – or lower than – OPC, and that effective permeability restoration occurs in geopolymers, even after high degrees of damage. The implication of this work is that geopolymers are promising alternative barrier materials to OPC with a superior ability to guarantee low barrier permeability and appropriate zonal isolation, keys to wellbore integrity over the entire lifecycle of wells, even if those wells suffer from damage.

Correlation Mineral Water Consumption and Hemoglobin Levels in Adolescent Girls

Anemia is a global health issue that affects people of all ages, particularly adolescent girls. Adolescent girls require nutritional intake, both from food and water. According to the balanced nutrition guidelines, people (particularly adolescents and adults) require 2000 liters (or eight glasses) of water daily. Most adolescent girls barely consider their water consumption. A lack of water in the body affects the balance of minerals (salt and sugar), disrupting regular metabolic processes such as hemoglobin (Hb) level regulation. This study investigates the correlation between adolescent girls' water consumption and hemoglobin levels. This quantitative study uses a cross-sectional design to collect variable data at a certain time. The study used blood with anti-coagulants EDTA from 30 adolescent girls from Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang. The primary data for this study are water consumption and hemoglobin levels. Results of the research show that adolescent girls' water consumption was adequate (66.7%) and low (33.3%). The average Hb level among adolescent girls was 12.4 g/dL. Adequate water consumption resulted in 3 respondents with low Hb levels and 7 with normal Hb levels. In contrast, low water consumption resulted in 2 respondents with low Hb levels and 18 with normal Hb levels. The Rank-Spearman correlation test showed sig 0.177 (p&gt;0.05). The study concluded that there was no correlation between adolescent girl water consumption and hemoglobin levels. Food fluid intake can compensate for a lack of water consumption.

Manganese metal ion removal from aqueous solution using industrial wastes derived geopolymer

Heavy metal pollutants, highly toxic and invisible, have garnered attention due to bioaccumulation. Increased manganese production from steel industries is expected to lead to harmful concentrations in water, adversely affecting the environment and public health. The sustainable approach of utilizing industrial by-products to synthesize geopolymers for the immobilization of heavy metal ions has gained research interest. The current study aims to verify the feasibility of Paper sludge ash (PSA) in conventional geopolymer (CGP) to immobilize manganese (Mn) heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. CGP was prepared using Fly ash (FA) as resource material, which was replaced by PSA at a level of 30 %, by weight. The precursors were treated with alkali solutions, namely sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate, incorporating ambient curing. The characterization studies of precursors and CGP were investigated using XRD, XRF, SEM, EDS, FTIR, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area (BET) analysis techniques to outline the crystal structure, morphology, and pore parameters. Additionally, the experimental investigation comprehensively examined the impact of various pH levels, dosages, contact times, and initial concentrations on the removal efficiency of Mn heavy metal ions. The difference in concentration of Mn heavy metal ions quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry. The Langmuir models effectively explained the removal of Mn ions by CGP due to high fitting coefficients. The highest value of uptake capacity was found to be 28 mg/g at 30 °C with pH value of 4. Therefore, blending industrial wastes improves the potential of decontamination agents in removing heavy metals from wastewater, promoting environmental sustainability.

Synergistic strengthening mechanism of Ca2+-sodium silicate to selective separation of feldspar and quartz

Synergistic strengthening mechanism of Ca2+-sodium silicate to selective separation of feldspar and quartz

Potensi Ketahanan Pangan sebagai Perekonomian Desa Sababilah dalam Mendukung Ketersediaan Pangan Kabupaten Barito Selatan

Sababilah Village in Dusun Selatan District, South Barito Regency, has great potential to increase food security through optimal resource management. With lowland topography and a tropical climate, this village has fertile soil that is ideal for various plants. The 2024 Real Work Lecture Program (KKN-T) from Palangka Raya University focuses on developing food security by planting various plants using innovative planting media containers such as drinking water glasses and providing technical assistance in watermelon harvesting. The results of the activity show that this agricultural technique is effective in utilizing local resources and increasing crop yields. To increase success, it is recommended that villages expand modern agricultural training, involve communities more actively, and develop local markets for agricultural products. Regular evaluation is also important to ensure the program's sustainability and positive impact.

New Insights into the Depressive Mechanism of Sodium Silicate on Bastnaesite, Parisite, and Fluorite: Experimental and DFT Study

The surface properties of bastnaesite and parisite are similar to their associated gangue mineral, fluorite, which makes the flotation separation of these two rare earth minerals from fluorite one of the industry’s most significant challenges. This study systematically investigates the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of sodium silicate (SS) on bastnaesite, parisite, and fluorite in an octyl hydroxamic acid (OHA) collector system through flotation experiments, various modern analytical methods, and DFT simulations. The flotation test results indicate that the inhibition effects of SS on the three minerals are in the order: fluorite &gt; parisite &gt; bastnaesite. Detection and analysis results indicate that SS forms hydrophilic complexes with Ca atoms on the surfaces of fluorite and parisite, enhancing surface hydrophilicity and inhibiting OHA adsorption, but its impact on bastnaesite is relatively minor. DFT simulation results show that OHA forms covalent bonds with metal ions on mineral surfaces, favoring five-membered hydroxamic-(O-O)-Ce/Ca complexes, and reacts more strongly with Ce atoms than Ca atoms. SS primarily forms covalent bonds with metal atoms on mineral surfaces via the SiO(OH)3− component, and OHA and SS compete for adsorption on the mineral surfaces. OHA has a stronger affinity for bastnaesite, whereas SS shows the highest affinity for fluorite, followed by parisite, and the weakest affinity for bastnaesite.

Halloysite-derived hierarchical cobalt silicate hydroxide hollow nanorods assembled by nanosheets for highly efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is regarded as the bottleneck of electrolytic water splitting. Thus, developing robust earth-abundant electrocatalysts for efficient OER has received a great deal of attention and it is an ongoing scientific challenge. Herein, hierarchical hollow nanorods assembled with ultrathin mesoporous cobalt silicate hydroxide nanosheets (denoted as CoSi) were successfully fabricated, using the silica nanotube derived from halloysite as a sacrificial template, via a simple hydrothermal method. The resulting cobalt silicate hydroxide nanosheets stack with thicknesses ∼10 nm, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The elaborated nanoarchitecture possesses a high specific surface area (SSA) allowing good exposure to the cobalt active centers exhibiting superior catalytic activity vs analogs synthesized using sodium silicate. Among all as-prepared CoSi samples, those synthesized at 150 °C (CoSi-150) exhibited the minimum overpotential of ∼347 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm–2. In addition, CoSi-150 also exhibited superior performance against typical cobalt-based catalysts, and its surface hydroxyl groups were beneficial for the enhancement of OER performance. Furthermore, the CoSi-150 showed excellent durability and stability after the 105 s chronopotentiometry test in 1 M KOH. This design concept provides a new strategy for the low-cost preparation of high-quality cobalt water splitting electrocatalysts.

Optimization and Evaluation of Alkali Activated Fly Ash for Lightweight Aggregate Production

This study investigates the utilization of solid waste, specifically fly ash, and other materials to produce aggregates through geopolymerisation. The research aims to explore the properties of fly ash aggregates and assess their viability in concrete production. The objectives of the study encompass the preparation of aggregates using different proportions of fly ash and alkali activator such as sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate, alongside the casting of concrete cubes utilizing the artificial aggregate. The methodology employed involves the preparation of alkali activator, mix proportioning, and the subsequent processes of mixing, casting, crushing, and curing. Various ratios of fly ash to activator (2.5:1, 3:1, and 3.5:1) were investigated, with corresponding results obtained for properties such as abrasion value, impact value, bulk specific gravity, and water absorption. The findings reveal that the properties of the fly ash aggregates vary with different ratios, with notable differences observed in abrasion value, impact value, bulk specific gravity, and water absorption. For 2.5:1 abrasion value is 26.02%, impact value is 19.32%, bulk specific gravity 1.821 and water absorption 9.61%.For 3:1 abrasion value is 37.14%, impact value is 25.15%, bulk specific gravity 1.78 and water absorption 10.58%.For 3.5:1 abrasion value is 46.5%, imapct value is 32.87%, bulk specific gravity 1.648 and water absorption 12.83%. Casting cude using ratio 2.5:1, 28 day strength is 20.46 N/mm2.. This research project offers an eco-friendly solution for utilizing fly ash in the production of high-performance aggregates, contributing to sustainable construction practices. The implications of the findings include reduced environmental impact, enhanced resource efficiency, and the potential for resilient and environmentally conscious built environments. Further research and development in this area could lead to broader adoption of geopolymerized fly ash aggregates in the construction industry, paving the way for a more sustainable and Greener future.

Selective conversion of spent cracking catalyst to faujasite-structured zeolites

Current recycling strategies for spent catalyst in Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) focus on valuable rare-earth elements (REE) and sometimes include a reuse of spent materials by down-cycling, which hinders a circular economy. Herein, a new procedure for the selective conversion of spent FCC catalysts to FAU-type zeolite without secondary crystalline phases such as sodalite, zeolite P or zeolite A is reported. The steps include a leaching process of REE, followed by thermal activation with sodium hydroxide and acid treatment to get an aluminum-rich feed. The synthesis of FAU-type zeolites with varying Si/Al ratios uses the aluminum-rich catalyst feed and commercial water glass. The experiments show that incorporation of silicate from water glass into the zeolite structure is limited to zeolite products with Si/Al ratio ≤ 2.0. It indicates a flocculation of silicates in higher concentration in competition to the crystallization process of FAU-type zeolites. This is reinforced by the resulting crystals, covered and surrounded with small particles with morphology of silica. Moreover, a clear differentiation between zeolite Y and zeolite X is possible from materials properties with the definite evidence of a mixed phase. The kinetics of feed dissolution and incorporation of impurities, alumina and silica are controlled by the pre-treatment temperature, duration and silicon source. This enables flexible adjustment of the aluminum re-use from spent FCC catalyst, the amount of foreign elements (Fe, Ni, V), phase purity, Si/Al ratio, specific surface area and thermal stability of the final zeolite product. Structural and textural data of the resulting zeolites reveals high crystallinity > 80 %, Si/Al ratios of 1.6–2.0, and specific surface areas up to 780 m2/g.

Variability of lead-zinc sulfide ore slurry rheological properties and its influence on flotation conditions

We investigated how the rheological characteristics of a flotation slurry change in response to variations in mineral species, slurry concentration, and particle size; slurry pH; and trap and rheological control reagent concentrations using slurries containing galena, sphalerite, quartz, and kaolinite. The results indicate that reducing particle size and increasing slurry concentration leads to varying degrees of increase in apparent viscosity and yield stress. At the same particle size, the slurry exhibits the following order of apparent viscosity and yield stress: kaolinite &gt; galena &gt; sphalerite &gt; quartz. In addition, as the slurry’s apparent viscosity and yield stress increase, the rheology decreases, creating progressively unfavorable conditions for the flotation of lead, zinc, and other target minerals. Furthermore, changes in pH have no significant effect on the slurry’s rheology when the slurry is comprised of vein minerals. Moreover, galena and sphalerite depict particle agglomeration in the slurry. Ultimately, the addition of sodium silicate as a rheological control reagent substantially enhances the slurry’s rheological properties. This results in a system where problematic minerals like kaolinite are more effectively dispersed, thereby promoting efficient lead-zinc mineral flotation. Regarding the flotation of lead sulfide and zinc minerals, the addition of kaolinite raises the apparent viscosity of the mixed slurry, hindering the flotation of the target minerals. Conversely, quartz lowers the apparent viscosity aiding the flotation separation process. Understanding the relationship between flotation conditions and the pulp’s rheological properties can provide valuable guidance for subsequent flotation tests.