Water Flow Research Articles

Physiological and immune responses of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) under the regulation of exercise intensity: An integrated perspective of blood, liver and intestinal analysis

This study examined the effects of different water flow durations on serum biochemical indices, liver antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). During a 90-day experiment, 270 largemouth bass (initial weight 96.05 ± 18.87 g) were randomly assigned to three groups: a control group (CG) with a constant flow velocity of 0.3 cm/s, an interval exercise group (IE) with a water flow velocity of 2 bl/s for 8 h/day, and a sustained exercise group (SE) with a continuous flow velocity of 2 bl/s for 24 h/day. The results showed that the IE group had higher total protein (TP) levels than the CG and SE groups (P < 0.05). In contrast, the SE group had lower triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (CHO) levels (P < 0.05), indicating that exercise intensity significantly affects serum biochemical parameters. The study also evaluated the effects of sustained swimming on liver antioxidant capacity, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal health, and microbial community composition. Antioxidant assays revealed significantly increased activities of superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the SE group, along with the lowest malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (P < 0.05), indicating enhanced antioxidant defenses. Enzyme assays showed a significant increase in trypsin and lipase activities due to swimming exercise (P < 0.05). Intestinal morphology analysis showed increased villus height and wall thickness in the SE group, without visible tissue damage, suggesting improved intestinal structural integrity. Gene expression analysis showed a significant upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes in the IE group and an increase in anti-inflammatory gene expression in the SE group. Microbial community analysis showed no significant differences in alpha diversity, species richness, or total diversity among the groups. However, variations in microbial species distribution at the phylum and genus level were observed, which were likely influenced by exercise intensity. In conclusion, sustained swimming exercise significantly improved antioxidant capacity, intestinal health, and modulated the immune response in largemouth bass. This highlights its potential to improve fish health and sustainability in RAS.

Diagnosis of electrical submersible pump failure using deep learning model with sand-water flow experimental data

Reliability of electrical submersible pump (ESP) failure diagnosis is crucial because unexpected failures can lead to additional production costs. This study presents a deep-learning method based on a long short-term memory autoencoder (LSTM-AE) model with principal component analysis (PCA) for ESP failure diagnosis. To obtain data on variables related to ESP failure, a sand–water flow experiment was designed and conducted. An LSTM-AE model was then developed based on the PCA of the experimental data, demonstrating a failure diagnosis accuracy of 90.69%, which is higher than that of the LSTM-AE model without PCA. The failure-detection point was predicted, closely aligning with the initial point of failure. To assess its suitability for field applications, the proposed LSTM-AE model with PCA was tested with data from the Sandy 03 well in the Permian Basin, USA. The LSTM-AE model with PCA achieved a failure diagnosis accuracy of 81.81%, and the initial failure detection point was accurate. These results indicate that the LSTM-AE model with PCA can effectively capture long-term dependencies in time-series data and provide reliable ESP failure diagnosis. By accurately identifying potential failures, this approach offers significant potential for improving operational efficiency and reducing maintenance costs in ESP systems.

Prediction of hydrogen production in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis via neural networks

Advancements in water electrolysis technologies are crucial for green hydrogen production. Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is characterized by its efficiency and environmental benefits. The prediction and optimization of hydrogen production rates (HPRs) in PEMWE systems is difficult and still challenging because of the complexity of the system as well as the operational parameters. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) appears to be effective in optimization within the energy sector. Hence, this work employs the artificial neural network (ANN) to develop a model that accurately predicts HPR in PEMWE setups. A novel approach is introduced by employing the Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation (LMBP) algorithm for training the ANN. This model is designed to predict HPR based on critical operational parameters, including anode and cathode areas (mm2), cell voltage (V) and current (A), water flow rate (mL/min), power (W), and temperature (K). The optimized ANN configuration features an architecture with 7 input nodes, two hidden layers of 64 neurons each, and a single output node. The performance of the ANN model was evaluated against conventional regression models using key metrics: mean squared error (MSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and mean absolute error (MAE). The findings of this study reveal that the developed ANN model significantly outperforms traditional models, achieving an R2 value of 0.9989 and an MAE of 0.012. In comparison, random forest (R2 = 0.9795), linear regression (R2 = 0.9697), and support vector machines (R2 = − 0.4812) show lower predictive accuracy, underscoring the ANN model's superior performance. This work demonstrates the efficiency of the LMBP in enhancing hydrogen production forecasts and sets a foundation for future improvements in PEMWE efficiency. By enabling precise control and optimization of operational parameters, this study contributes to the broader goal of advancing green hydrogen production as a viable and scalable alternative to fossil fuels, offering both immediate and long-term benefits to sustainable energy initiatives.

Geo-sustainability Challenges and Remediation Strategies: A GIS-based Assessment of Sripur Coalmine Areas, West Bengal, India

This study examines the health, risk, and safety aspects of coal mining in the Sripur area, focusing on the Bhanora West Block, Asansol, West Bengal, India as one of the 14 operational mines of Eastern Coalfields Limited in Asansol. The study addresses the increasing risks of accidents, fires, and subsidence in active, ageing, and closed mines and storage yards. The study’s incorporation of field surveys, satellite imagery, and environmental data ensures that the findings are based on a well-rounded and multi-faceted dataset. The satellite imagery data (GIS and Remote Sensing) are perceived along with available literature and environmental impact compliance reports from time to time, with particular interest in the Bhanora West coal mine, both open cast and underground. The aspect, Hill shade, LULC and stream order maps of the Damodar are generated using Q-GIS, 3.28.7. The environmental clearance data, accident data, subsidence area, and landslide data are analysed. A vast area in Sripur is observed to be under subsidence, with cracks appearing even near residential areas. The flow of the Nunia nallah is nearby, and old closed mines are not adequately backfilled, so the chance of seepage cannot be neglected though regularly attended. Pneumoconiosis (CWP), a lung disease (black lung), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and silicosis are common in Sripur due to dust and substandard water. Effective and riskless mining extractions using proper technologies can avoid mining hazards, such as subsidence, the influx of water in underground mines, health hazards, air/water pollution, mine fire, and intact physical landscape and observing criteria of sustainable Development Goal SDG-1 SDG-3, SDG-6, SDG 12, SDG-13, and SDG 16.

Responses of hydrological processes to vegetation greening and climate change in subtropical watersheds

Study regionXiangjiang River Basin (XRB) in subtropical China. Study focusVegetation changes have a substantial impact on the water cycle in watersheds. However, the responses of hydrological processes to vegetation changes in subtropical regions have not yet been thoroughly clarified. The primary objectives of this study were to quantify the sensitivity of hydrological variables to vegetation changes and to elucidate the contributions of vegetation greening and climatic changes to alterations in hydrological variables in the Xiangjiang River Basin (XRB). New hydrological insights for the regionEvapotranspiration (ET) exhibits a significant positive sensitivity to alterations in Leaf Area Index (LAI) in the XRB, while soil water storage (SW) and flow depth (Q) showed a significant negative sensitivity to LAI changes. Changes in LAI primarily result in increased ET and reduced SW and Q, while increased in precipitation leads to augmented ET, SW, and Q. Alterations in potential evapotranspiration have been associated with heightened ET and reduced SW and Q. From the perspective of relative contributions, LAI predominantly influences alterations in ET within the XRB; P and PET are the primary driver of shifts in SW; and P chiefly governs the variations in Q. Our results highlight the important impact of vegetation changes on hydrological variables in subtropical watersheds.

Novel drainage pipeline breakages detection based on MEMS inertial sensor: From mechanism to application

Urban water environment pollution is a global concern, in developing countries, sewage infiltration resulting from urban drainage pipelines breakage is an essential element in the urban groundwater pollution and the recurrence of black odor water bodies, it is crucial to accurately and efficiently detection and localisation of urban drainage pipelines breakage to protect the urban water resources. In this paper, a device for detecting defects in drainage pipelines was developed and assembled using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) inertial sensors as the core components, and the improved cumulative sum (CUSUM) model was used for anomalous detection of the pitch angle of the device's movement along the course of the pipeline as a method of detecting pipeline breakage. In the laboratory simulation of drainage pipeline tests, the CUSUM peaks (0.709, 1.102, 3.038, 7.990) for the case of external water infiltration rates into the pipeline at the point of pipe breakage (2.9%, 4.6%, 5.8%, 9.2%), and for the cases of sewer exfiltration rates in the pipeline of 4.2% and 6.4% (0.760, 1.382). CFD simulations of the water flow in the laboratory pipeline show a high degree of overlap between the trend of the water surface near the point of breakage and the anomalous fluctuations in the pitch angle of the device motion in the laboratory tests. Finally, the authors tested the device on municipal drains in the city of A. The results demonstrated the reliability and high accuracy of the device. The device enables to improve the ecological quality of urban water environment by accelerating the rate of defect detection in urban drainage pipelines and reducing the detection expenses.

Multi-decadal fluctuations in root zone storage capacity through vegetation adaptation to hydro-climatic variability have minor effects on the hydrological response in the Neckar River basin, Germany

Abstract. Climatic variability can considerably affect catchment-scale root zone storage capacity (Sumax), which is a critical factor regulating latent heat fluxes and thus the moisture exchange between land and atmosphere as well as the hydrological response and biogeochemical processes in terrestrial hydrological systems. However, direct quantification of changes in Sumax over long time periods and the mechanistic drivers thereof at the catchment scale are missing so far. As a consequence, it remains unclear how climatic variability, such as precipitation regime or canopy water demand, affects Sumax and how fluctuations in Sumax may influence the partitioning of water fluxes and therefore also affect the hydrological response at the catchment scale. Based on long-term daily hydrological records (1953–2022) in the upper Neckar River basin in Germany, we found that variability in hydro-climatic conditions, with an aridity index IA (i.e. EP/P) ranging between ∼ 0.9 and 1.1 over multiple consecutive 20-year periods, was accompanied by deviations ΔIE between −0.02 and 0.01 from the expected IE inferred from the long-term parametric Budyko curve. Similarly, fluctuations in Sumax, ranging between ∼ 95 and 115 mm or ∼ 20 %, were observed over the same time period. While uncorrelated with long-term mean precipitation and potential evaporation, it was shown that the magnitude of Sumax is controlled by the ratio of winter precipitation to summer precipitation (p &lt; 0.05). In other words, Sumax in the study region does not depend on the overall wetness condition as for example expressed by IA, but rather on how water supply by precipitation is distributed over the year. However, fluctuations in Sumax were found to be uncorrelated with observed changes in ΔIE. Consequently, replacing a long-term average, time-invariant estimate of Sumax with a time-variable, dynamically changing formulation of that parameter in a hydrological model did not result in an improved representation of the long-term partitioning of water fluxes, as expressed by IE (and fluctuations ΔIE thereof), or in an improved representation of the shorter-term response dynamics. Overall, this study provides quantitative mechanistic evidence that Sumax changes significantly over multiple decades, reflecting vegetation adaptation to climatic variability. However, this temporal evolution of Sumax cannot explain long-term fluctuations in the partitioning of water (and thus latent heat) fluxes as expressed by deviations ΔIE from the parametric Budyko curve over multiple time periods with different climatic conditions. Similarly, it does not have any significant effects on shorter-term hydrological response characteristics of the upper Neckar catchment. This further suggests that accounting for the temporal evolution of Sumax with a time-variable formulation of that parameter in a hydrological model does not improve its ability to reproduce the hydrological response and may therefore be of minor importance for predicting the effects of a changing climate on the hydrological response in the study region over the next decades to come.

Natural gas hydrate dissolution kinetics in sandy sediments: Implications for massive water production in field tests

The tremendous natural gas hydrate (NGH) reserve in globe makes it a promising future energy. The field test production indicates that massive water production may occur in the depressurization of sandy NGH reservoirs. The dissolution of NGH may play a significant role in this process. Therefore, quantifying the NGH dissolution kinetics and clarifying the relations between NGH dissolution and water production is crucial. In this work, a modified excess water method was developed to prepare quasi-homogenous water-saturated methane hydrate (MH) bearing sediments (HBS). The MH dissolution kinetics were investigated by flowing methane-free water through the HBS. The MH dissolution process could be divided into the rapid stage and the decayed stage. Preferential flow channels may form by the inhomogeneous MH dissolution. Water flux has a significant impact on the MH dissolution kinetics via affecting the mass transfer and the hydrate-water exposure in flow channels. When increasing the water fluxes from 2.0 mL·cm−2·min−1 to 6.1 mL·cm−2·min−1, the MH dissolution rate initially ramped up from 15.4 cm·d−1 to 36.0 cm·d−1 (mass transfer dominates), and then decreased to 28.7 cm·d−1 (flow channels dominate). MH saturation has an influence on dissolution kinetics. The MH dissolution rate increased from 27.1 cm·d−1 to 44.2 cm·d−1 when the MH saturations increased from 11.8 % to 60.1 %. Experimental results indicate that the preferential flow channels by inhomogeneous NGH dissolution could contribute to the massive water production in the depressurization of NGH reservoir. Large pressure gradient in NGH production may accelerate the NGH dissolution and the following massive water production. Homogeneous high-saturation HBS could more facilitate the hydrate-water exposure for dissolution, which could retard the onset of massive water production. This work may ignite some new thoughts on the water control and production optimization strategies in sandy NGH exploitation.

Migration of naphthalene in a biochar-amended bioretention facility based on HYDRUS-1D analysis

Biochar has been proved as a promising and efficient filler in bioretention facilities for enhancing the stormwater pollutants removal. However, the migration behaviors of stormwater pollutants in biochar filled bioretention facilities is unclear. In this study, as one of the most typical stormwater pollutants, naphthalene was selected as an example and a HYDRUS-1D model was first used to understand the migration behavior of naphthalene in a bioretention facility. In comparison with the conventional bioretention soil media (sandy loam), the amended biochar filled bioretention cell showed that the naphthalene removal rate was enhanced by up to 10.1%. Meanwhile, the experimental data was well-fitted by the “two-site sorption model” in HYDRUS-1D model. Another, the effect of rainfall intensity on the naphthalene migration in both bioretention columns was further investigated. The HYDRUS-1D model fitting indicated that the increase in rainfall intensity promoted naphthalene migration by increasing hydraulic conductivity and water flux. In addition, static batch experiments revealed that the biochar filled fillers achieved about 50% higher adsorption capacity than sandy loam. The sensitivity analysis from the HYDRUS-1D model data verified adsorption coefficient Kd and longitudinal dispersivity λ are the main factors affecting naphthalene migration. Finally, the model simulation displays that the proportion of naphthalene retained by the fillers was highest during high rainfall intensities, indicating that the fillers remain the most important fate for naphthalene. This study presents research on the behavior and mechanisms of stormwater pollutant transport through improved bioretention facilities.

Green fabrication methods and performance evaluation of eco-friendly membranes for enhanced oil-water separation

A significant step toward sustainability in membrane technology has been made with the substitution of eco-friendly alternatives for conventional membrane fabrication techniques. A green fabrication process, which is derived from renewable and biodegradable materials, offers a promising solution to environmental concerns associated with conventional membrane fabrication. Additionally, by utilizing eco-friendly materials, the toxicity footprint of membrane fabrication techniques can be reduced considerably. This study aims to transform the non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method into a green process, by utilizing a biodegradable polymeric base (polylactic acid; PLA), a green solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide; DMSO), and a green additive (deep eutectic solvents; DES). The membranes were thoroughly characterized to understand their structural transformations, and their performance was evaluated. Filtration experiments demonstrated a notable increase in the water flux using 20 wt% PLA polymer, DMSO as a solvent, and 1 wt% choline chloride: ethylene glycol (ChCl:EG) (1:2) as an additive. This resulted in a flux of 1138 L/m2.h, a notable increase compared to 554 L/m2.h achieved with 20 wt% PLA using a conventional solvent (PLA-C). This increase in flux was also complemented by an increase in the membrane's oil rejection efficiency, (oil rejection of 96 % for the modified membrane), as well as enhanced anti-fouling properties (maintained in interval flux recovery ratio; FRR of 80 %). The findings suggest that creating environmentally friendly membranes through a sustainable process has the potential to improve both ecological impact and performance, hence progressing environmentally conscious industrial practices.

Estimation of Soil Moisture during Different Growth Stages of Summer Maize under Various Water Conditions Using UAV Multispectral Data and Machine Learning

Accurate estimation of soil moisture content (SMC) is vital for effective farmland water management and informed irrigation decision-making. The utilization of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing technology to monitor SMC offers advantages such as mobility, high timeliness, and high spatial resolution, thereby compensating for the limitations of in-situ observations and satellite remote sensing. However, previous research has primarily focused on SMC diagnostics for the entire crop growth period, often neglecting the development of targeted soil moisture modeling paradigms that account for the specific characteristics of the canopy and root zone at different growth stages. Furthermore, the variations in soil moisture status between fields, resulting from the hysteresis of water flow in irrigation channels at different levels, may influence the development of soil moisture modeling schemes, an area that has been seldom explored. In this study, SMC models based on UAV spectral information were constructed using Random Forest (RF) and Particle Swarm Optimization-Support Vector Machine (PSO-SVM) algorithms. The soil moisture modeling paradigms (i.e., input–output mapping) under different growth stages and soil moisture conditions of summer maize were systematically compared and discussed, along with the corresponding physical interpretability. Our results showed that (1) the SMC modeling schemes differ significantly across the various growth stages, with distinct input–output mappings recommended for the early (i.e., jointing, tasselling, and silking stages), middle (i.e., blister and milk stages), and late (i.e., maturing stage) periods. (2) these machine learning-based models performed best at the jointing stage, while subsequently, their accuracy generally exhibited a downward trend as the maize grew. (3) the RF model demonstrates superior robustness in estimating soil moisture status across different fields (moisture conditions), achieving optimal estimation accuracy in fields with overall higher SMC in line with the PSO-SVM model. (4) unlike the RF model’s robustness in spatial SMC diagnostics, the PSO-SVM model more reliably captured the temporal dynamics of SMC across different growth stages of summer maize. This study offers technical references for future modelers in UAV-based SMC modeling across various spatial and temporal conditions, addressing both the types of models as well as their input features.

SOME FEATURES OF CONSTRUCTING DISPLACEMENT CHARACTERISTICS AND WATERING DYNAMICS

The term «displacement characteristic» (DCh) was first proposed by D. A. Efros in 1959 to indicate the dependence of the accumulated oil withdrawal on the accumulated liquid withdrawal. Subsequently, DChfound wide application in the analysis of oil field development. Many authors proposed various modifications of the DCh coordinates, but directactual measurements of development parameters were always used - annual, accumulated measurements of oil, liquid, water production, water cut, liquid, oil, and water flow rates. Characteristics of oil displacement are called graphical dependences of accumulated oil production on accumulated or current values of liquid or water production, constructed based on actual data. With the help of cold water, three tasks were solved: assessment of recoverable oil reserves, calculation of the technological effect of geological and technical measures, and calculation of technological development indicators. But the main condition for application was the immutability of the development system.Recently, dependences that use parameters such as selection from geological or recoverable oil reserves have come to be classified as chemical dependencies. These dependencies have nothing to do with DCh. Justification of geological and recoverable oil reserves is an independent task; moreover, with the help of chemical recovery, recoverable reserves are found under the existing development system. Against the background of such a confusion of concepts, the definition of the concept of «standard» chemicals is introduced, which has no real meaning for an oil development facility.The dynamics of water cut refers to the change in water cut over time, for example, depending on the time of development of reserves, geological or recoverable. The dynamics of watering in this case has nothing to do with the cold water.The dry period is of great importance when developing an oil field. With the same finaloil recovery, the longer the water-free period, the better the economic indicators.Using the Buckley-Leverett function todetermine water cut is only possible when the flow is two-phase, oil and water. It is impossible to determine the anhydrous period using the Buckley-Leverett function, since it does not exist, therefore, constructing the dynamics of water supply only based on this function is incorrect.When conducting laboratory experiments on core material, in which the heterogeneity compared to the formation is minimal and can be identified with a one-dimensional flow, the anhydrous period is significant and reaches from 0.74 to 0.94 units. of the total volume of displaced oil.For a single-layer field, where there is only one homogeneous layer, the heterogeneity is greater than for the core, but less than for a heterogeneous development object. We can talk about an analogue of a two-dimensional flow with some degree of convention.Considering that these are not laboratory studies, where measurements are carried out more accurately, but production ones, the low-water-cut period (up to 10 %) is 0.4 of the total oil production from wells with simultaneous commissioning of wells. If the wells were commissioned at different periods of time, as is always the case in fields, then the dynamics of water supply are completely different, and water supply begins earlier than when all wells are commissioned simultaneously.

Bioinspired hierarchical and dual-morphology humic-acid/pectin/chitosan composite aerogels for efficient removal of pollutants from wastewater

How to solve the contradiction between the efficiency and adsorption rate of porous materials in adsorbing pollutants has always been one of the focus issues. In this study, the small landscape cypress trees structure like biomimetic of a hierarchical and dual morphology 3D porous HA-based aerogel was designed and synthesized to use humic acid (HA), pectin (PE) and chitosan (CTS) as raw materials, which it was formed by the disorderly overlapping of lamella composed of fiber networks in 3D space. Due to its special microstructure, it can be used like separation membrane, which allowing for rapid adsorption of pollutants in the water while the water flow passes through quick. In general, this work provides a new concept for owning fast adsorption rate and efficient adsorption of porous materials of preparation to use green method.

Analysis of the influence of the daily regulation of power stations on navigable flow conditions at river confluences using the LSTM model

The daily operations of large hydropower stations on rivers induce frequent variations in downstream water levels and flow velocities, resulting in unsteady and complex hydraulic characteristics at the confluence of the main stream and its tributaries, which adversely affect navigation safety. The continuity and momentum equations, along with the RNG k-ϵ turbulence model and the VOF model, were employed to simulate the river flow process at the confluence under unsteady flow conditions. The simulated results for water levels and velocity vector fields are in good agreement with experimental data. Variations in hydraulic characteristics, including water level, flow velocity, and longitudinal gradient at the confluence of the main stream and its tributaries, were analysed. The results indicated that the water level at the confluence decreases when the tributary merges with the main stream. As the confluence ratio increases, fluctuations in the water level at the confluence decrease. However, an increase in the staggered period results in greater fluctuations in the water level within this region. Moreover, a crescent-shaped high-speed flow region is formed at the confluence of the tributary and the main stream. As the unsteady flow discharge of the main stream increases, the relative area of this region correspondingly enlarges, reaching its maximum at peak discharge, and subsequently gradually diminishes as the discharge decreases. Based on these simulation data, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model was developed to effectively predict water levels and flow velocities, providing a more convenient and accurate method for obtaining real-time information on confluence areas than traditional mathematical and statistical approaches. This study provides novel insights into predicting flow characteristics in confluence areas, thereby offering a basis for formulating navigation safety plans.

Multivariate characterisation of a blackberry–alder agroforestry system in South Africa: hydrological, pedological, dendrological and meteorological measurements

Abstract. Trees established in linear formations can be utilised as windbreak structures on farms as a form of agroforestry system. We present an extensive data package collected from an active berry farm located near Stellenbosch, South Africa, considering hydrological, pedological, dendrological and meteorological measurements centred around an Italian alder (Alnus cordata (Loisel.) Duby) windbreak and a blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L. Var. “Waldo”) crop. Data were collected between September 2019 and June 2021. The data are available from Hassler et al. (2024) and include the following measurements (i) meteorological variables – solar radiation, precipitation characteristics, vapour pressure deficit, air temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, gust speed, and lightning strikes and distance recorded at 10 min intervals; (ii) hydrological measurements – soil moisture and matric potential in two profiles at 15 min intervals alongside soil samples at various depths describing soil texture, hydraulic conductivity, and water retention parameters; (iii) soil characteristics – a soil profile description accompanied by 60 topsoil samples describing carbon, nitrogen, and exchangeable base cation concentrations, as well as potential cation exchange capacity and descriptions of soil texture; and (iv) dendrological measurements – point cloud data for the studied windbreak trees and surrounding features, cylinder models of the windbreak trees with volume and biomass data, and foliage data as a product of an existing leaf creation algorithm. The described dataset provides a multidisciplinary approach to assess the impact and interaction of windbreaks and tree structures in agroforestry landscapes, aiding future work concerning water fluxes, nutrient distribution, microclimate and carbon sequestration. The dataset, including high-resolution time series and point cloud data, offers valuable insights for managing the windbreak's influence and serves as a unique training dataset for spatial analysis (https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2023.028, Hassler et al., 2024).

Pengaruh Environmental Performance dan Material Flow Cost Accounting Terhadap Sustainable Development: pada Perusahaan Sektor Industri Dasar dan Kimia yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2020-2022

The increase in industrial activities has impacts on the environment, as many companies still fail to fulfill their environmental responsibilities adequately. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of Environmental Evaluation and Material Flow Cost Accounting on Sustainable Development. The approach adopted focuses on numerical aspects, with the research concentrating on companies in the basic and chemical industries listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2020-2022. The sampling method used is purposive sampling, resulting in a sample size of 75 (25 companies over 3 years). SmartPLS 3 is employed as the analytical tool. The research findings indicate that environmental evaluation has no significant impact, whereas material flow cost accounting has a substantial impact on sustainable development. These findings bear important implications for further research to enrich the investigated factors and consider more representative samples to enhance their impact on Sustainable Development, requiring more effective approaches to be considered.

Fugacity model covering abiotic and biotic matrices to investigate the transfer and fate of perfluoroalkyl acids in a large shallow lake of eastern China

Solving the challenges faced during the measurement of the cross-interface transfer of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in lakes is crucial for clarifying environmental behaviours of these chemicals and their efficient governance. This study developed a multimedia fugacity model based on the quantitative water–air–sediment interaction (QWASI) covering abiotic/biotic matrices to investigate the cross-interface transfer and fate of PFAAs in Luoma Lake, a typical PFAA-contaminated shallow lake in eastern China. The accuracy and reliability of the established model were confirmed using Percent bias and Monte Carlo simulation, respectively. Using the QWASI model, the multimedia transfer of the PFAAs and their accumulation and persistence in different sub-compartments were described and measured, and the differences among individual PFAAs were explored. The simulation results showed that the sedimentation and resuspension of PFAAs were the most intense cross-interfacial transfers, and the sediments served as a chemical sink in the long term. A significant negative correlation of NC-F (the number of CF bonds) with the relative outflow flux (TW·out-ct) but a positive correlation with the relative net transfer across the interface between water and aquatic plants (Tp-ct) was detected, indicating that the PFAA migration capacity decreased but the bioaccumulation potential increased with the CF bond number. The persistence in water (Pw) of individual PFAAs ranged from 19.65d (PFOA) to 32.22d (PFOS), with an average of 26.15d; their persistence in sediment (Ps) ranged from 432d (PFBA) to 3216d (PFOS), with an average of 1524d, increasing linearly with an increase in NC-F. The water advection flows into and out of the lake (QW·in and QW·out), the PFAA concentration of water inflow (CW·in), and bioconcentration factor of aquatic plants (BCFp) were the primary parameters sensitive to PFAAs in all sub-compartments, which are essential indexes for exploring promising remediation pathways for lacustrine PFAA contamination based on the fugacity model simulation.

Fabrication and performance evaluation of polycarbonate/polyvinyl alcohol–titanium dioxide thin‐film nanocomposite membranes for water treatment

AbstractIn recent years, there has been growing interest in using polymer nanocomposite membranes as a more advanced method for removing pollutants from water and treating wastewater for various purposes. In this study, thin‐film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes of polycarbonate/polyvinyl alcohol–titanium dioxide thin‐film (PC/PVA–TiO2) were fabricated by dip‐coating a PC substrate in a PVA/TiO2 solution. Various methods, including attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and water contact angle were utilized to assess the structural characteristics of the produced membranes. The PC/PVA thin‐film composite (TFC) and PC/PVA–TiO2 TFN membranes were then examined in a submerged membrane system to evaluate their effectiveness in filtering humic acid (HA) under various vacuum transmembrane pressure (0.3 and 0.6 bar) condition. The FTIR‐ATR results confirmed the formation of the active layer of PVA/TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). It was observed that adding 1 wt.% of TiO2 NPs to the active layer of PVA/TiO2 significantly enhanced the water contact angle from 77.5° for PC support to 55.3° for PC/PVA–TiO2 (0.1) TFN membranes. Furthermore, the FE‐SEM results confirmed the formation of an active layer of PVA/TiO2 with a thickness of 237.87 nm. The pure water flux increased from 101.64 L/m2h for the PC/PVA TFC membrane to 144.02 L/m2h and 199.09 L/m2h for the PC/PVA–TiO2 (0.05) and PC/PVA–TiO2 (0.1) TFN membranes, respectively. Also, the results revealed that at lower transmembrane pressure, all membranes showed higher value in HA removal as compared to when higher transmembrane pressure was used.

Investigation and optimization heat and humidity environmental control model in construction tunnels: A multifactorial approach incorporating ventilation parameters and hot water quantity

The high rock temperature and hot water influx in the surrounding area of the tunnel construction cause an excessively humid and environment high temperature inside the excavated area of the tunnel, necessitating urgent investigations into the environmental characteristics coupled with these factors and optimizing the control scheme of the construction environment. The on-site data of the tunnel temperature, humidity fields, and external environmental parameters have been collected, along with statistical analysis of the amount of the heat in the resource at the excavation face during the construction period. Subsequently, a three-dimensional numerical model coupling with high rock temperature, hot water, and ventilation was established. Based on the site monitoring data comparison, it was found that the average errors of temperature and humidity field values in the numerical simulation were 4.7 % and 7.1 %, respectively. By introducing the Heat Index (HI), the tunnel environmental characteristics under different conditions were analyzed, showing a linear relationship between the maximum HI at the excavation face and the two following features which are: the temperature-humidity of the input wind, and the hot water quantity. At the same time the air volume exhibited a quadratic relationship. Furthermore, by utilizing multivariate functions to fit the research results, the results show that the maximum HI under various conditions can be predicted. In addition, ultimately establishing an environmental safety assessment model was effective in incorporating multiple factors like input wind temperature, humidity, air volume, and hot water quantity for construction tunnels.

Assessment of the Impact of Direct Water Cooling and Cleaning System Operating Scenarios on PV Panel Performance

Among the various renewable energy-based technologies, photovoltaic panels are characterized by a high rate of development and application worldwide. Many efforts have been made to study innovative materials to improve the performance of photovoltaic cells. However, the most commonly used crystalline panels also have significant potential to enhance their energy yield by providing cooling and cleaning solutions. This paper discusses the possibility of introducing a dedicated direct-water cooling and cleaning system. As assumed, detailed schedules of the operation of the developed direct water cooling and cleaning system should be fitted to actual weather conditions. In this context, different cooling strategies were proposed and tested, including different intervals of opening and closing water flow. All tests were conducted using a dedicated experimental rig. 70 Wp monocrystalline panels were tested under laboratory conditions and 160 Wp polycrystalline panels were tested under real conditions. The results showed that introducing a scenario with a 1-min cooling and a 5-min break allowed for proving the panel’s surface temperature lower than 40 °C. In comparison, the temperature of the uncooled panel under the same operating conditions was close to 60 °C. Consequently, an increase in power generation was observed. The maximum power increase was observed in July and amounted to 15.3%. On the other hand, considering selected weeks in May, July, and September, the average increase in power generation was 3.63%, 7.48%, and 2.51%, respectively. It was concluded that the division of photovoltaic installation allows reasonable operating conditions for photovoltaic panels with a lower amount of energy consumed to power water pumps.